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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (9)
  • Medicine  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1974
    In:  Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 1974-05), p. 143-150
    In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 1974-05), p. 143-150
    Abstract: Two factors have stimulated the present intense investigation of acrylamide neurotoxicity. These are the health hazard accompanying the vast and increasing industrial production of acrylamide, and the promise of illuminating the mechanism of dying-back disease in the human nervous system by employing acrylamide as an experimental tool. The present paper discusses the industrial uses of acrylamide, its regulation, and the prevention, detection and clinico-pathologic features of human intoxication. Bearing on the cumulative nature of acrylamide neurotoxicity, separate sections review the chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and metabolic fate of acrylamide. Clinical, electrophysiological and morphologic data on acute and chronic acrylamide intoxication of experimental animals, and possible etiologies of nervous system damage, are considered in detail in a companion paper (P. S. Spencer and H. H. Schaumburg, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 1:151, 1974).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0317-1671 , 2057-0155
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1974
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2577275-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 1998), p. 138-148
    In: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 1998), p. 138-148
    Abstract: Toronto physician Brian Goldman had thought about “joining the camp that favours private health care for Canada.” Writing in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, he tells us that he changed his mind after one of his cats experienced a series of illnesses and misadventures that resulted in a Can$3,101 medical bill. “I’m just glad,” he says, “that the cost of health care never entered my deliberations.”’ Canadian citizens and permanent residents are similarly free from most worries about the direct costs of their own medical care, and have been for more than a generation. This reflects a fundamental difference between the Canadian and United States contexts for health policy. Since the failure of President Clinton's first-term efforts to provide something approximating universal health insurance, reforms to the existing regime of providing and financing health care in the United States have been incremental, and primarily responsive to the changing nature of the health care marketplace. In Canada, universal publicly funded first-dollar coverage for most physicians’ and hospitals’ services has been a reality since the early 1970s.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1105 , 1748-720X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052584-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 126-130
    In: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2006), p. 126-130
    Abstract: The Open Access Movement maintains that all scientific and scholarly literature should be available to all for free via the Internet. This concept is not new. Some scholars trace its roots as far back as 1963 when “hypertext” was first introduced. Although the Open Access Movement may have originated more than fifty years ago, it has been fueled by more recent events, including the unremitting escalation of journal subscription prices over the last two decades, resulting in massive cancellations of journals by academic libraries; the ubiquitous nature of the Internet and the parallel explosion of electronic resources; and the desire of authors to find a new publishing model which continues to offer the benefits of peer review while providing for more rapid publication and wide-spread distribution than the current labor-intensive, time-consuming model. The Open Access Movement has resulted in a number of online repositories devoted to legal analysis and policy. This column explores the genesis of the movement, its value to researchers and policymakers, and provides an overview of the two principal open access products in the legal arena.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1105 , 1748-720X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052584-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 1999), p. 137-152
    In: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 1999), p. 137-152
    Abstract: New technologies are changing our lives radically and quickly. New biotechnologies are moving to commercial uses faster than government regulators or private citizens can monitor. This tension manifests itself in the current debates over xenotransplantation technologies in medicine. The possibility of removing cells, tissues, and organs from animals and transplanting them into human beings is startling and unnerving. Natural immunesystem barriers between species, and even between individuals within a species, are formidable. Typically, transplantation results in violent rejection and death of the grafted organ. But despite the natural barriers to transplantation, xenotransplantation aims specifically to overcome them. In this paper, I will discuss applications of xenograft technology, which raises clinical risks, ethical concerns, and policy issues. I conclude with a set of specific recommendations. As a recent letter to the journal Nature puts it, there is a “split between those who want to get it right, and those who want to get it right now.” No one knows what all the risks, benefits, and unintended consequences of xenotransplantation will be.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1105 , 1748-720X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052584-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1987
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 99, No. 1 ( 1987-08), p. 1-3
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 99, No. 1 ( 1987-08), p. 1-3
    Abstract: It might seem very late to suggest, nearly 400 years after the first clinical description of influenza and 54 years after its isolation (reviewed by Stuart-Harris. Schild & Oxford, 1985), that many fundamental questions remain to be answered about the virus itself. However the precise antigenic and biochemical structure of the natural field virus has not been established. If so much remains to be learned concerning the nature of the virion then perhaps it may be less surprising that there are some conflicting theories as regards influenza epidemiology. Such questions are raised in the current volume of the journal where Hope-Simpson & Golubev (pp. 5 54) propose a major role for virus persistence in the human disease and, a lesser role for a linked chain of acute infection spreading influenza around the world (see also Hope-Simpson. 1979: 1981). This would be a minority view of the epidemiology of influenza A at present and is most definitely in conflict with the orthodox idea of person to person spread in an endless chain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 220-228
    In: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 2010), p. 220-228
    Abstract: Although the first human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were produced in 1998, the direction of U.S. policy on stem cell research was set nearly 20 years earlier when the recommendations of a congressionally established Ethics Advisory Board were ignored by the Reagan administration. Thus began an unprecedented and unparalleled 30-year-long history of political intrusions in an area of scientific and biomedical research that has measurable impacts on the health of Americans. Driving these intrusions were religiously informed public policy positions that have usually escaped critical ethical analysis. Here I record my own encounters with this history of intrusions and the thinking behind them. My most abrupt encounter with the politics of stem cell research occurred on September 6, 2006, at a hearing of the Senate Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services and Related Agencies, chaired by Senator Arlen Specter. Just a week before, scientists at Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a small Massachusetts biotech company, had published a paper in the journal Nature in which they described a method for extracting stem cells from early human embryos while leaving the embryos intact and viable. As head of ACT’s Ethics Advisory Board, I had supported this research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1073-1105 , 1748-720X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052584-9
    SSG: 2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Medical History Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2011-04), p. 223-239
    In: Medical History, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2011-04), p. 223-239
    Abstract: Seeking to align psychiatric practice with general medicine following the inauguration of the National Health Service, psychiatric hospitals in post-war Britain deployed new treatments designed to induce somatic change, such as ECT, leucotomy and sedatives. Advocates of these treatments, often grouped together under the term ‘physical therapies’, expressed relief that the social problems encountered by patients could now be interpreted as symptomatic of underlying biological malfunction rather than as a cause of disorder that required treatment. Drawing on the British Journal of Psychiatric Social Work , this article analyses the critique articulated by psychiatric social workers based within hospitals who sought to facilitate the social reintegration of patients following treatment. It explores the development of ‘psychiatric social treatment’, an approach devised by psychiatric social workers to meet the needs of people with enduring mental health problems in hospital and community settings that sought to alleviate distress and improve social functioning by changing an individual’s social environment and interpersonal relationships. ‘Physical’ and ‘social’ models of psychiatric treatment, this article argues, contested not only the aetiology of mental illness but also the nature of care, treatment and cure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7273 , 2048-8343
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2181926-9
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2008
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2008-03), p. 353-363
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2008-03), p. 353-363
    Abstract: Depression and anxiety are highly co-morbid disorders. Two latent trait models have been proposed to explain the nature of the relationship between these disorders. The first posits that depressive and anxiety disorders are both manifestations of a single internalizing factor. The second model, based on a tripartite model proposed by Clark & Watson [ Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1991) 100 , 316–336], proposes that depressive and anxiety disorders reflect a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors. Method We directly compared the two models in a sample of 891 individuals from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who participated in up to four diagnostic assessments over approximately 15 years. Structural equation models were used to examine the relationship between depressive and anxiety disorders across different developmental periods ( 〈 14, 14–18, 19–23, 24–30 years of age). Results The one- and three-factor models were hierarchically related. Thus, a direct comparison between the one- and three-factor models was possible using a χ 2 difference test. The result found that the three-factor model fit the data better than the one-factor model. Conclusions The three-factor model, positing that depressive and anxiety disorders were caused by a combination of shared and disorder-specific factors, provided a significantly better fit to the data than the one-factor model postulating that a single factor influences the development of both depressive and anxiety disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 793-799
    In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 793-799
    Abstract: Le rapport coût-efficacité de l’utilisation de l’acide delta-aminolévulinique dans le cas d’interventions chirurgicales visant des gliomes de grades élevés : un examen systématique fondé sur la qualité . Contexte: Les gliomes de grades élevés (GGE) sont des tumeurs agressives qui vont inévitablement se reproduite en raison de leur nature diffuse et invasive. Des compléments peropératoires comme l’acide delta-aminolévulinique (ALA-5) ont par ailleurs montré des promesses intéressantes en permettant d’augmenter l’étendue de la résection. Étant donné que la perspective d’une utilisation accrue de l’ALA-5 est à la hausse, il nous semble qu’un examen systématique de ses aspects économiques demeure essentiel. Méthodes: Au moyen de mots clés se rapportant à « gliome », « rapport coût-efficacité » et « ALA-5 », nous avons tout d’abord interrogé les bases de données suivantes : Medline, EMBASE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), EconPapers et Cochrane. À ce sujet, nous avons inclus des études principales faisant état des aspects économiques ou du rapport coût-efficacité de l’ALA-5 en comparaison avec une intervention chirurgicale à la lumière blanche ( white-light surgery) dans le cas de GGE. Signalons que l’aspect qualitatif de notre examen a été évalué à l’aide des lignes directrices du British Medical Journal (BMJ). Résultats: Au total, nous avons pu identifier trois études, toutes d’origine européenne, menées dans le cadre de systèmes de soins de santé nationaux. Deux d’entre elles ont démontré un meilleur rapport coût-utilité en ce qui regarde l’ALA-5 si on le compare à la lumière blanche (12 817 $ CA et 13 508 $ / AVAQ). Ces deux montants se sont révélés en dessous des seuils nationaux de rentabilité pour chacune de ces études respectives. Une autre étude s’est aussi penchée sur le rapport coût-utilité par résection totale brute (6 813 $ CA). Elle n’a démontré aucune différence notable en ce qui a trait au coût de l’ALA-5 dans la résection des GGE (14 732 $ CA) si on la compare à une utilisation antérieure de routine (15 936 $ CA). Enfin, rappelons que la qualité de ces études variait de modérée à moyenne ; de plus, aucune d’entre elles n’a tenu compte dans son analyse de la perspective des patients ou des coûts indirects. Conclusions: Dans les cas de résection de GGE, il existe des preuves de plus en plus nombreuses quant aux avantages économiques de l’ALA-5 à titre de complément peropératoire. Cela dit, des études additionnelles menées dans le contexte canadien et mettant l’accent sur l’utilisation de l’ALA-5, études qui incluraient spécifiquement des perspectives sociétales ainsi que celles de patients dans des analyses coût-utilité, demeurent nécessaires pour renforcer ces preuves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0317-1671 , 2057-0155
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2577275-2
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