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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Management of Soil Phosphorus : Modeling Spatial Variability in Small Fields
    Wiley ; 2001
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2001-09), p. 1516-1522
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2001-09), p. 1516-1522
    Abstract: The mapping of soil P concentration is necessary to assess the risk of P loss in runoff. We modeled the distribution of Mehlich‐3 extractable soil P (M3P) in an east‐central Pennsylvania 39.5‐ha watershed (FD‐36) with an average field size of 1.0 ha. Three interpolation models were used: (i) the field classification model—simple field means, (ii) the global model—ordinary kriging across the watershed, and (iii) the within‐field model—ordinary kriging within fields with a pooled within‐stratum variogram. Soils were sampled on a 30‐m grid, resulting in an average of 14 samples per field. Multiple validation runs were used to compare the models. Overall, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the models were 76, 71, and 66 mg kg −1 M3P for the field classification, global, and within‐field models, respectively. The field classification model performed substantially worse than did the kriging models in five fields; these fields exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation. The within‐field model performed substantially better than did the global model in three fields where autocorrelation was confined by the field boundary. However, no differences in P index classification were observed between the three prediction surfaces. The field classification model is simpler and less expensive to implement than the kriging models and should be adequate for applications that are not sensitive to small errors in soil P concentration estimates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2001.6551516x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long‐Term Soil Experiments: Keys to Managing Earth's Rapidly Changing Ecosystems
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2007-03), p. 266-279
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 71, No. 2 ( 2007-03), p. 266-279
    Abstract: To meet economic and environmental demands for about 10 billion people by the mid‐21st century, humanity will be challenged to double food production from the Earth's soil and diminish adverse effects of soil management on the wider environment. To meet these challenges, an array of scientific approaches is being used to increase understanding of long‐term soil trends and soil–environment interactions. One of these approaches, that of long‐term soil experiments (LTSEs), provides direct observations of soil change and functioning across time scales of decades, data critical for biological, biogeochemical, and environmental assessments of sustainability; for predictions of soil productivity and soil–environment interactions; and for developing models at a wide range of scales. Although LTSEs take years to mature, are vulnerable to loss, and have yet to be comprehensively inventoried or networked, LTSEs address a number of contemporary issues and yield data of special significance to soil management. The objective of this study was to evaluate how LTSEs address three questions that fundamentally challenge modern society: how soils can sustain a doubling of food production in the coming decades, how soils interact with the global C cycle, and how soil management can establish greater control over nutrient cycling. Results demonstrate how LTSEs produce significant data and perspectives for all three questions. Results also suggest the need for a review of the state of our long‐term soil‐research base and the establishment of an efficiently run network of LTSEs aimed at soil‐management sustainability and improving management control over C and nutrient cycling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2006.0181
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustained Productivity of Forests Is a Continuing Challenge to Soil Science
    Wiley ; 1996
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 1996-11), p. 1629-1642
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 1996-11), p. 1629-1642
    Abstract: Scientific uncertainties about ecosystem processes and greater awareness of the need for environmental care are sources of public anxiety over forest management. Partly because of this, the negative impacts of poor forestry practices are often emphasized, overlooking the achievements in sustainable forestry. The forest estates should be viewed and managed as a continuum so that the overall need for production of wood and the protection of environmental values can be met. We need practical goals of forest management. One goal should be to ensure that the trend in forest productivity is nondeclining or is positive through successive rotations and harvests, while maintaining and enhancing the quality of the soil resource base in perpetuity. The conflicts about the use of native forests for wood harvesting, while maintaining all conservation values, can be lessened if the value of each forest is ranked within a scale ranging from wood production to conservation. The growing demand for wood and concerns for land care can be met in part by expanding plantation forestry. Questions concerning management strategies for sustainable forestry are global in scope, but the genesis and application of practices for achieving this are local and are based fundamentally on the soil. The expectation of developing soil‐based sustainability indicators can be realized only if the expectation is backed by substantial research linking changes in soil properties, ecosystem processes, and productivity at the landscape level. Challenges are many and include interdisciplinary approaches to research and forest management, application to ensure economic prosperity, and positive approaches to communication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060006x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1996
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trans‐Disciplinary Soil Physics Research Critical to Synthesis and Modeling of Agricultural Systems
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2006-03), p. 311-326
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2006-03), p. 311-326
    Abstract: Synthesis and quantification of disciplinary knowledge at the whole system level, via the process models of agricultural systems, are critical to achieving improved and dynamic management and production systems that address the environmental concerns and global issues of the 21st century. Soil physicists have made significant contributions in this area in the past, and are uniquely capable of making the much‐needed and exciting new contributions. Most of the exciting new research opportunities are trans‐disciplinary, that is, lie on the interfacial boundaries of soil physics and other disciplines, especially in quantifying interactions among soil physical processes, plant and atmospheric processes, and agricultural management practices. Some important knowledge‐gap and cutting‐edge areas of such research are: (1) quantification and modeling the effects of various management practices (e.g., tillage, no‐tillage, crop residues, and rooting patterns) on soil properties and soil–plant–atmosphere processes; (2) the dynamics of soil structure, especially soil cracks and biochannels, and their effects on surface runoff of water and mass, and preferential water and chemical transport to subsurface waters; (3) biophysics of changes in properties and processes at the soil–plant and plant–atmosphere interfaces; (4) modeling contributions of agricultural soils to climate change and effects of climate change on soil environment and agriculture; and (5) physical (cause‐effect) quantification of spatial variability of soil properties and their outcomes, new methods of parameterizing a variable field for field‐scale modeling, and new innovative methods of aggregating output results from plots to fields to larger scales. The current status of the various aspects of these research areas is reviewed briefly. The future challenges are identified that will require both experimental research and development of new concepts, theories, and models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0207
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Claypan Soils Due to Nitrogen Fertilizer Source and Tillage/Fertilizer Placement Practices
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2012-05), p. 983-993
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 2012-05), p. 983-993
    Abstract: Poorly drained soils can potentially have large amounts of applied fertilizer N lost through denitrification which can be a major contributor to soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. These soil N 2 O emissions due to agricultural practices are significant because they contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of tillage/fertilizer placement (i.e., no‐till/surface broadcast and strip‐till/deep banded) and N fertilizer source [i.e., non‐coated urea (NCU), polymer‐coated urea (PCU), nontreated control] on soil N 2 O emissions from corn ( Zea mays L.) production over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in a poorly drained claypan soil in Northeast Missouri. Averaged over 2009 and 2010, no significant differences were observed in cumulative soil N2O emissions, between treatment plots with NCU (5.21 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 ) and PCU (5.48 kg N 2 O‐N ha −1 ). Soil N 2 O losses represented between 2.8 and 3.0% of annual fertilizer N applied, respectively. Strip‐till/deep banded N placement emitted 28% less N 2 O (0.2 kg N 2 O‐N) per Mg grain produced ( P = 0.0284) compared to that of no‐till/surface broadcasted N. Impacts of alternative management practices on soil N 2 O losses may also need to consider changes in agricultural production to allow producers to decide which practices are best suited to balance their production and environmental goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2011.0296
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upscaling of Dynamic Soil Organic Carbon Pools in a North‐Central Florida Watershed
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 870-879
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 74, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 870-879
    Abstract: Regional‐scale assessment of soil C pools is essential to provide information for C cycling models, land management, and policy decisions, and elucidate the relative contribution of different C pools to total C (TC). We estimated TC and four soil C fractions, namely recalcitrant C (RC), hydrolyzable C (HC), hot‐water‐soluble C (SC), and mineralizable C (MC), at 0 to 30 cm across a 3585‐km 2 mixed‐use watershed in north‐central Florida. We used lognormal block kriging (BK) and regression block kriging (RK) to upscale soil C using 102 training samples and compared the models using 39 validation samples. Regression kriging produced the most accurate models for TC and RC, whereas the labile C fractions (HC, SC, and MC) were best modeled by BK. Maps produced by BK showed similar spatial patterns due to the strong correlation between the labile C fractions and the similarity of their spatial dependence structure. Estimates of TC and RC were similar due to their high correlation and the similarity of their global trend models. Total soil C amounted to 27.40 Tg across the watershed, indicating the potential of these soils to store C. Recalcitrant C totaled 22.49 Tg (82% of TC), suggesting that a large amount of TC could be potentially stored for centuries to millennia. Our estimates of soil C and fractions within a mixed‐use watershed in Florida highlight the importance of appropriately characterizing the inherent spatial dependence structure of soil C, as well as relevant regional environmental patterns (e.g., hydrology), to better explain the variability of soil C.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2009.0242
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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    SSG: 21
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New tools for dead roots: Radioisotope labelling and compound‐specific analysis reveal how subsoil hotspots work
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 185, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 707-719
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 185, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 707-719
    Abstract: Subsoils are increasingly studied as they, first, store a great deal of terrestrial carbon (C) and possibly even more, and second, offer resources like water and nutrients to plants, potentially mitigating negative consequences of global change. As subsoil access is often hampered by compacted soil layers, the key to accessing subsoil resources and storing more C below ground might be in biopores. Appropriately nicknamed ‘highways of root growth’, biopores are macropores left behind by dying roots and earthworm activities, often enriched with organic matter (OM) and nutrients. They are thought to be the most abundant microbial hotspots in the subsoil, thus possibly accounting for a large part of C turnover, as well as offering pore wall nutrients to subsequent crops. Understanding the multifunctionality and complexities of biopores remains challenging. This contribution aims to showcase analytical ways to deepen our understanding of origin and functioning of biopores and hotspots. Regarding their biogeochemistry, biopore OM quality and its turnover can be better unravelled through compound‐specific analysis to deduct biopore‐specific OM turnover. Biopores can be reliably differentiated by their OM quality. A more profound understanding of subsoil C turnover in very contrasting hotspots is crucially important for managing subsoil functions. Biopores are often assumed to be beneficial in crop sequences. Roots making use of specific biopores can be, for the first time, quantified after radiotracer application, two‐step phosphor imaging, and image processing. Combining radioactive with stable isotopes as well as plant and microbial biomarkers allows to investigate the relevance of individual pore wall nutrients in plant growth in consideration of physical biopore properties. Biopore‐friendly management practices (e.g., reduced tillage, perennial cover cropping) could be part of smart subsoil management. Faster access to subsoil water and concentrated biopore nutrients may safeguard agricultural production—especially in times of rising fertiliser costs (both monetary and environmental) and more frequent droughts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v185.6
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.202200272
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Perspectives of the Fritz‐Scheffer Awardee 2021: Profile‐ to ecosystem‐scale perspectives on soil organic matter formation as demonstrated by woody debris in forest dynamics
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Vol. 186, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 241-252
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 186, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 241-252
    Abstract: Soil organic matter (SOM) forms along a continuum from individual particles, pores, and aggregates to litter–soil profiles and larger ecosystems such as forests. However, forest management of SOM stocks and the carbon therein requires knowledge on which processes and factors at which scales determine SOM formation from forest biomass. As evident from woody debris at the profile scale, SOM forms through additions, transformations, translocations, and removals of litter by soil organisms and environmental components. Yet SOM stocks only increase if litter additions‐to‐removals are out of steady state or enter a new steady state that ignores older litter. Both happen through disturbance and self‐selecting feedback processes in ecosystems consisting of autotrophs, heterotrophs, and their physical environment. One such positive feedback process is litter‐SOM transformation by heterotrophs that releases nutrients that promote plant productivity and thus litter input. Stocks of litter‐SOM, heterotrophs, nutrients, and plants thus exhibit Lotka–Volterra dynamics (i.e., predator–prey interactions) and only increase when attractor states (i.e., steady series or sets of states) change due to disturbance. Evidence of evolving feedback processes and disturbance in SOM would help identify limits, potentials, and precariousness of ecosystems in light of global change, but remains to be found.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1436-8730 , 1522-2624
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.v186.3
    DOI: 10.1002/jpln.202300031
    RVK:
    RA 5430
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470765-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 200063-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 13
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