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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Study of 20 European Concert Halls—A Preliminary Report
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1973
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 278-279
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 54, No. 1_Supplement ( 1973-07-01), p. 278-279
    Abstract: Using reverberation-free magnetic-tape recordings of various musical selections as source material, comparative sound transmission studies were undertaken in 20 European concert halls. The sound signal, radiated from the stage by a multi-loudspeaker system, was recorded at the “eardrums” of a specially designed dummy head with realistic surface impedances of the ear canal and pinnae. These recordings were electronically processed such that, when played back over two loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber, nearly identical acoustic signals were recreated at the eardrums of a human listener. This method of recording and reproduction, although far from perfect, makes possible practically instantaneous comparisons of the acoustic qualities of different halls. Subjects of different degrees of musical training served in paired-comparison tests for musical preference and also made triadic similarity judgments of acoustic quality. The raw data were processed by appropriate multidimensional scaling programs which preserve individual judgment differences [J. C. Carroll and J. J. Chang, “Analysis of Individual Differences,” Psychometrica (1970)]. The correlation of the subjective dimensions, found in this manner, with physical and geometrical parameters of the halls has not been completed at this writing. [Research supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1977999
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1973
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustical activities in Western Germany
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1981
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 69, No. S1 ( 1981-05-01), p. S46-S46
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 69, No. S1 ( 1981-05-01), p. S46-S46
    Abstract: The early history of acoustics in Germany is almost completely laid down in the “Akustische Zeitschrift,” a periodical which existed between 1936 and 1944. It was edited by Martin Grutzmacher and Erwin Meyer, the latter then head of the Heinrich-Hertz Institut in Berlin. In 1947, released from British custody, Erwin Meyer came to Göttingen and became the father of modern German acoustics; he took up a research contract with DSIR (Department of Scientific and Industrial Research) London in 1948 that put him in a position to build up a large institute with activities in all fields of acoustics. Acousticians who graduated from this institute today lead 34 of all important acoustical research institutes in Germany. In 1951 “Akustische Zeitschrift” was succeeded by “Acustica,” a European journal, again with Erwin Meyer as one of the founders and editors. His research contract and the post-war situation in Germany determined the preferred fields of German acoustical research, namely building acoustics, structure-borne sound, room acoustics, and physical acoustics. Scientists working in these fields discussed their problems in the acoustics group of the DPG (Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft). Electroacoustics was represented in parallel by the acoustics group of the NTG (Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft). With increasing importance of noise control in connection with environmental problems, the VDI (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) also appeared on the scene, producing technical guide lines and arranging acoustical seminars for engineers. Finally, these three groups in 1969 founded DAGA (Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Akustik), an organization now responsible for regular common meetings in all fields of acoustics in Germany, as well as for the representation of German acoustics abroad.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.386228
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1981
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Possible correlation between acoustic and thermal performances of building structures
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3609-3609
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 123, No. 5_Supplement ( 2008-05-01), p. 3609-3609
    Abstract: Most European standards required high performance values for sound and thermal insulation in building structures, according to Directive EEC 89/106. Sound transmission and heat transfer in structures have different physical and analytical approach and specific parameters of performance (i.e. sound transmission loss or thermal transmittance) are not directly correlated each others; many kind of structures have also different behaviour depending on mechanical properties of materials, numbers of layers of materials, etc. The aim of this work is to analyse possible correlation between sound transmission performances and thermal properties values in order to evaluated common trends related to physical properties of the various building components, like for example density or surface mass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.2934795
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    An intercomparison of hydrophone calibrations within Europe
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2755-2755
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 103, No. 5_Supplement ( 1998-05-01), p. 2755-2755
    Abstract: Intercomparisons between different laboratories are an important way of validating calibration methods and indicating where improvements are required. This paper describes a European intercomparison of free-field hydrophone calibrations in the frequency range 10–315 kHz. A total of 12 participants from seven European countries took part by calibrating three reference hydrophones, with project coordination provided by the National Physical Laboratory, UK. The agreement between the results was generally encouraging, with a majority of the results lying within ±1 dB of the Grand Mean. However, some large variations were observed which give cause for concern, and the uncertainties in the calibrations were typically underestimated by the participants with the maximum differences from the Grand Mean almost invariably exceeding the quoted overall uncertainties. A discussion is given of possible reasons for the disagreement, and of useful further work identified as a result of undertaking the intercomparison.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.422467
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soundscapes and human restoration in green urban areas
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 137, No. 4_Supplement ( 2015-04-01), p. 2256-2256
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 137, No. 4_Supplement ( 2015-04-01), p. 2256-2256
    Abstract: There is increasing interest in the association between landscapes, green and blue space, open countryside and human well-being, quality of life, and health. Most studies in this field do not account for the positive or negative moderating effects of the acoustic environment. This is partly due to the lack of relevant data, although basic models do refer to the role of traffic related noise and air-pollution. This paper reports on the results of a European study (Phenotype) into the health effect of access to and use of green area in four European cities. At the four study centers, people were selected from neighborhoods with varying levels of socioeconomic status and green space. By structured interview, information was gathered about availability, use, and importance of green space in the immediate environment, as well as the sound quality of favorite green areas used for physical activity, social encounters, and relaxation. Data are also available about perceived mental and physical health and medication use. This allows for analyzing the association between indicators of green and health, while accounting for perceived soundscapes. Audit data about the sound quality are also available at neighborhood level as a point of reference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4920228
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The challenges of lawnmower noise reduction
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2005
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 118, No. 3_Supplement ( 2005-09-01), p. 1977-1978
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 118, No. 3_Supplement ( 2005-09-01), p. 1977-1978
    Abstract: The European Noise Directive (2000/14/EC) became effective in the year 2000, limiting the allowable noise level for lawnmowers sold in the European Union. Noise level limits are based on cutting width. The Directive requires that manufacturers meet these limits and include statistical uncertainties, then declare their noise levels and have these results certified by an independent third party agency. There are two major challenges with this Directive. First by taking statistical uncertainties into account, this creates a limit lower than the published limit. Second is to lower the sound power level while still maintaining acceptable performance. The physical phenomena that generate the unwanted noise of a lawnmower are also used to perform work. For rotary lawnmowers, a dominant noise source is the cutting deck assembly, which is required to lift and cut grass, then dispose of the clippings. To cut grass with a good quality of cut appearance, the blades are required to turn at a very high tip speed to generate the necessary airflow. For lawnmowers, noise levels and unit performance are intrinsically linked. This has frustrated our industry for over 20 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4781981
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Free-field calibration and characterization of microphone systems
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 1994
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 96, No. 5_Supplement ( 1994-11-01), p. 3271-3271
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 96, No. 5_Supplement ( 1994-11-01), p. 3271-3271
    Abstract: Significant discrepancies occurred in results from the recent European intercomparison of free-field calibration of IEC type LS2aP (13.2 mm nominal diameter) laboratory standard microphones [K. Rasmussen and E. Sandermann Olsen, The Acoustics Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark (DTH) Report PL-07 (1993)]. Consequently, Dr. Richard Barham of the National Physical Laboratory, U.K. (NPL) visited NIST to resolve one such discrepancy between NPL and DTH by obtaining a NIST calibration of a microphone that also had been calibrated by NPL and DTH in the European comparison. All laboratories used the reciprocity method, with independently implemented apparatus at each laboratory. The NIST calibration agreed relatively well with that of DTH, but not NPL, if all laboratories used the same values for the frequency-dependent acoustic center positions of the microphones. The problematical DTH and NPL determinations of acoustic center positions for the type LS2aP microphone, which disagree with the values obtained by scaling the positions standardized for another microphone type, are considered. Various implications for the current draft IEC standard on primary free-field calibration are discussed. Selected NIST free-field comparison calibration methods and transducer characterization procedures, recently applied to relatively novel devices such as micro-machined silicon microphones, are described.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.410949
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Face the music: Classical music students and the sound of performance
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 3732-3732
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 3732-3732
    Abstract: Since the implementation and enforcement of the European Union Physical Agents Directive (Noise) the Acoustics Group has collaborated with the Royal Academy of Music creating the noise team formed from administrators, scientists, and senior management. Our challenge was to allow these highly talented artists to practice, rehearse, and perform safely during their time at the Royal Academy of Music. This ten year project involved more than 3000 musicians measuring sound exposure of each instrument group and the hearing acuity of every student, as well as hearing surveillance of a sample of graduates. At each occurrence, the students were questioned as to their aural environment. The paper will focus upon the hearing acuity of undergraduates after studying music for a period of four years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4988195
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Face the music: Classical music students and the sound of performance
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 4024-4024
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 4024-4024
    Abstract: Since the implementation and enforcement of the European Union Physical Agents Directive (Noise) the Acoustics Group has collaborated with the Royal Academy of Music creating the noise team formed from administrators, scientists, and senior management. Our challenge was to allow these highly talented artists to practice, rehearse, and perform safely during their time at the Royal Academy of Music. This ten year project involved more than 3000 musicians measuring sound exposure of each instrument group and the hearing acuity of every student, as well as hearing surveillance of a sample of graduates. At each occurrence, the students were questioned as to their aural environment. The paper will focus upon the hearing acuity of undergraduates after studying music for a period of four years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4989265
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Just doing our DUTy!—An international project on dosimetry for ultrasound therapy
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4152-4152
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4152-4152
    Abstract: This presentation will describe a large international project which aims to develop the metrological infrastructure for the determination of ultrasound exposure and dose to tissue. Ultimately this will improve treatment planning and risk assessment. The 3-year project started in June 2012. It is co-ordinated by the UK National Physical Laboratory and is funded in part by the European Metrology Research Programme of the European Union. The other project partners are INRIM (IT), PTB (DE), UME (TR), CSIC (ES), ICR (UK), Moscow State University (RU), NIM (CN), and University of Merseburg (DE). The scientific work is divided into six Work Packages: —Quantities and definitions will review dose and in situ exposure quantities proposing alternatives where necessary; —Laboratory dosimetry standards will develop reference methods for thermal and non-thermal therapeutic dose parameters; —Dose modeling and validation will develop theoretical and computer modelling procedures to calculate acoustic and thermal dose quantities with well understood uncertainties; —Intercomparison of methods will formally compare measurement methods and models developed; —Dosimetry Transfer Standards will develop phantoms and test systems for the assessment of clinical ultrasound equipment, transferring laboratory standards to end-users; —Application to clinical treatment will provide a direct link between the methods developed and the clinical use of therapeutic ultrasound with the long-term aim of improving treatment planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4831219
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2013
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