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  • General works  (8)
  • AK 10188  (8)
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  • General works  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A British national observatory: the building of the New Physical Observatory at Greenwich, 1889–1898
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2014-12), p. 609-635
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 47, No. 4 ( 2014-12), p. 609-635
    Abstract: Over its long history, the buildings of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich were enlarged and altered many times, reflecting changing needs and expectations of astronomers and funders, but also the constraints of a limited site and small budgets. The most significant expansion took place in the late nineteenth century, overseen by the eighth Astronomer Royal, William Christie, a programme that is put in the context of changing attitudes toward scientific funding, Christie's ambitious plans for the work and staffing of the Observatory and his desire to develop a national institution that could stand with more recently founded European and American rivals. Examination of the archives reveals the range of strategies Christie was required to use to acquire consent and financial backing from the Admiralty, as well as his opportunistic approach. While hindsight might lead to criticism of his decisions, Christie eventually succeeded in completing a large building – the New Physical Observatory – that, in its decoration, celebrated Greenwich's past while, in its name, style, structure and contents, it was intended to signal the institution's modernization and future promise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087413000678
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ‘An attempt to trace illusions to their physical causes’: atmospheric mirages and the performance of their demystification in the 1820s and 1830s
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 443-467
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 53, No. 4 ( 2020-12), p. 443-467
    Abstract: This article suggests that, during the 1820s and 1830s, Britain experienced a mirage moment. A greater volume of material was published on the mirage in scientific journals, treatises, travel literature and novels during these two decades than had occurred before in British history. The phenomenon was examined at the confluence of discussions about the cultural importance of illusions, the nature of the eye and the imperial project to investigate the extra-European natural world. Explanations of the mirage were put forward by such scientists and explorers as Sir David Brewster, William Wollaston and General Sir James Abbott. Their demystification paralleled the performance of unmasking scientific and magical secrets in the gallery shows of London during the period. The practice of seeing involved in viewing unfathomable phenomena whilst simultaneously considering their rational basis underwrote these different circumstances. I use this unusual mode of visuality to explore the ways the mirage and other illusions were viewed and understood in the 1820s and 1830s. Ultimately, this paper argues that the mirage exhibited the fallibility of the eyes as a tool for veridical perception in a marvellous and striking way, with consequences for the perceived trustworthiness of ocular knowledge in the period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087420000369
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
    SSG: 24
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Swords into ploughshares: John Herschel's progressive view of astronomical and imperial governance
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1998
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 1998-12), p. 419-435
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 1998-12), p. 419-435
    Abstract: Stargazing Knight Errant, beware of the day When the Hottentots catch thee observing away! Be sure they will pluck thy eyes out of their sockets To prevent thee from stuffing the stars in thy pockets If Herschel should find a new star at the Cape, His perils no longer would pain us He will salt the star's tail to prevent its escape And call it ‘The Hottentot Venus’. Astronomy has long been recognized as a tool of empire. Its service to navigation and geography have made it indispensable to European expansion. Britain in particular excelled at this brand of control; each day when the sun set on the British empire, its telescopes continued to enhance imperial power. While the above claims are no longer controversial, we have hardly begun to understand the extent to which imperialism subsequently changed the nature of the physical sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087498003380
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cécile Morette and the Les Houches summer school for theoretical physics; or, how Girl Scouts, the 1944 Caen bombing and a marriage proposal helped rebuild French physics (1951–1972)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 595-616
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 595-616
    Abstract: The aftermath of the Second World War represented a major turning point in the history of French and European physical sciences. The physicist's profession was profoundly restructured, and in this transition the role of internationalism changed tremendously. Transnational circulation became a major part of research training. This article examines the conditions of possibility for this transformation, by focusing on the case of the summer school for theoretical physics created in 1951 by the young Cécile Morette (1922–2017), just in front of Mont Blanc, at Les Houches. First I show that ultimately it was only thanks to extremely specific and intertwined social positions and dispositions, in terms of class and gender (derived from her socialization as an expected dame de la bourgeoisie ), and through the interactions between such social attributes and a dramatic life event, that Morette managed to gather a network diverse, powerful and transnational enough to create this institution. Then, following the first years of this school, I show how it became an international model, paving the way to new articulations between the local, the national and the global scales, even beyond the Cold War oppositions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087419000505
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The history of transdisciplinary race classification: methods, politics and institutions, 1840s–1940s
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2018-03), p. 41-67
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2018-03), p. 41-67
    Abstract: A recently blossoming historiographical literature recognizes that physical anthropologists allied with scholars of diverse aspects of society and history to racially classify European peoples over a period of about a hundred years. They created three successive race classification coalitions – ethnology, from around 1840; anthropology, from the 1850s; and interwar raciology – each of which successively disintegrated. The present genealogical study argues that representing these coalitions as ‘transdisciplinary’ can enrich our understanding of challenges to disciplinary specialization. This is especially the case for the less well-studied nineteenth century, when disciplines and challenges to disciplinary specialization were both gradually emerging. Like Marxism or structuralism, race classification was a holistic interpretive framework, which, at its most ambitious, aimed to structure the human sciences as a whole. It resisted the organization of academia and knowledge into disciplines with separate organizational institutions and research practices. However, the ‘transdisciplinarity’ of this nationalistic project also bridged emerging borderlines between science and politics. I ascribe race classification's simultaneous longevity and instability to its complex and intricately entwined processes of political and interdisciplinary coalition building. Race classification's politically useful conclusions helped secure public support for institutionalizing the coalition's component disciplines. Institutionalization in turn stimulated disciplines to professionalize. They emphasized disciplinary boundaries and insisted on apolitical science, thus ultimately undermining the ‘transdisciplinary’ project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087417001054
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ‘Stargazers at the world's end’: telescopes, observatories and ‘views’ of empire in the nineteenth-century British Empire
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2013
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 389-413
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 389-413
    Abstract: This article argues that the study of astronomical observing instruments, their transportation around the globe and the personal and professional networks created by such exchanges are useful conceptual tools in exploring the role of science in the nineteenth-century British Empire. The shipping of scientific instruments highlights the physical and material connections that bound the empire together. Large, heavy and fragile objects, such as transit circles, were difficult to transport and repair. As such, the logistical difficulties associated with their movement illustrate the limitations of colonial scientific enterprises and their reliance on European centres. The discussion also examines the impact of the circulation of such objects on observatories and astronomers working in southern Africa, India and St Helena by tracing the connections between these places and British scientific institutions, London-based instrument-makers, and staff at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It explores the ways in which astronomy generally, and the use of observing instruments in particular, relate to broader themes about the applications of science, the development of colonial identities, and the consolidation of empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. In considering these issues, the article illustrates the symbiotic relationship between science and empire in the period, demonstrating the overlap between political and strategic considerations and purely scientific endeavours. Almost paradoxically, as they trained their sights and their telescopes on the heavens, astronomers and observers helped to draw diverse regions of the earth beneath closer together. By tracing the movement of instruments and the arcs of patronage, cooperation and power that these trajectories inscribe, the role of science and scientific objects in forging global links and influencing the dynamics of the nineteenth-century British Empire is brought into greater focus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087411000616
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aspects of French Theoretical Physics in the Nineteenth Century
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1966
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 1966-12), p. 109-132
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 1966-12), p. 109-132
    Abstract: In France, as in other European countries, especially Britain and Germany, the nineteenth century was a period of great progress and achievement in science. This would still have been true if Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur had been the only outstanding French scientists of the nineteenth century, whereas there were, of course, many others apart from an impressive number of brilliant French mathematicians. Nevertheless, although it was a great century for French science there was perhaps something rather disappointing about it, and something rather ingrowing about the attitude of French scientists towards scientific developments in other countries. For example, the French took it hard that the creator of the theory of evolution should have been an Englishman, remembering too late Darwin's predecessor Lamarck, and they certainly were very slow in accepting Darwin's theory of evolution.1 Again, the French may have felt that after the important contributions of French scientists such as Coulomb, Poisson, Biot and, above all, Ampère, the theory of electricity and magnetism which is today principally associated with the names of Faraday and Maxwell should have been created by a Frenchman. Once again this new theory was only accepted very slowly and hesitantly, and even unwillingly, in France—one thinks, for example, of the criticisms levelled at the theory by Pierre Duhem in his “The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory”.2 Of course it might be that if one knew how to weigh properly the various achievements of French scientists in different branches of science one would find that, allowing for her rather static population during the nineteenth century, the total contribution of France compared well with those of Britain and Germany. Nevertheless, in one case at least, that of theoretical physics, there seems to have been an unmistakable failure to live up to the promise of the beginning of the century. The purpose of this paper is to advance possible reasons to explain this failure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087400003794
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1966
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    J. L ENNART B ERGGREN and A LEXANDER J ONES , Ptolemy's Geography : An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+192. ISBN 0-691-01042-0. £24.95, $39.50 (hardback).
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2004
    In:  The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2004-06), p. 193-196
    Details
    In: The British Journal for the History of Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2004-06), p. 193-196
    Abstract: J. Lennart Berggren and Alexander Jones, Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters . By Karin Tybjerg 194 Natalia Lozovsky, ‘The Earth is Our Book’: Geographical Knowledge in the Latin West ca. 400–1000 . By Evelyn Edson 196 David Cantor (ed.), Reinventing Hippocrates . By Daniel Brownstein 197 Peter Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700 . By John Henry 199 Paolo Rossi, Logic and the Art of Memory: The Quest for a Universal Language . By John Henry 200 Marie Boas Hall, Henry Oldenburg: Shaping the Royal Society . By Christoph Lüthy 201 Richard L. Hills, James Watt, Volume 1: His Time in Scotland, 1736–1774 . By David Philip Miller 203 René Sigrist (ed.), H.-B. de Saussure (1740–1799): Un Regard sur la terre , Albert V. Carozzi and John K. Newman (eds.), Lectures on Physical Geography given in 1775 by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure at the Academy of Geneva/Cours de géographie physique donné en 1775 par Horace-Bénédict de Saussure à l'Académie de Genève and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Voyages dans les Alpes: Augmentés des Voyages en Valais, au Mont Cervin et autour du Mont Rose . By Martin Rudwick 206 Anke te Heesen, The World in a Box: The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Picture Encyclopedia . By Richard Yeo 208 David Boyd Haycock, William Stukeley: Science, Religion and Archaeology in Eighteenth-Century England . By Geoffrey Cantor 209 Jessica Riskin, Science in the Age of Sensibility: The Sentimental Empiricists of the French Enlightenment . By Dorinda Outram 210 Michel Chaouli, The Laboratory of Poetry: Chemistry and Poetics in the Work of Friedrich Schlegel . By David Knight 211 George Levine, Dying to Know: Scientific Epistemology and Narrative in Victorian England . By Michael H. Whitworth 212 Agustí Nieto-Galan, Colouring Textiles: A History of Natural Dyestuffs in Industrial Europe . By Ursula Klein 214 Stuart McCook, States of Nature: Science, Agriculture, and Environment in the Spanish Caribbean, 1760–1940 . By Piers J. Hale 215 Paola Govoni, Un pubblico per la scienza: La divulgazione scientifica nell'Italia in formazione . By Pietro Corsi 216 R. W. Home, A. M. Lucas, Sara Maroske, D. M. Sinkora and J. H. Voigt (eds.), Regardfully Yours: Selected Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller. Volume II: 1860–1875 . By Jim Endersby 217 Douglas R. Weiner, Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia. With a New Afterword . By Piers J. Hale 219 Helge Kragh, Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century . By Steven French 220 Antony Kamm and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life . By Sean Johnston 221 Robin L. Chazdon and T. C. Whitmore (eds.), Foundations of Tropical Forest Biology: Classic Papers with Commentaries . By Joel B. Hagen 223 Stephen Jay Gould, I Have Landed: Splashes and Reflections in Natural History . By Peter J. Bowler 223 Henry Harris, Things Come to Life: Spontaneous Generation Revisited . By Rainer Brömer 224 Hélène Gispert (ed.), ‘Par la Science, pour la patrie’: L'Association française pour l'avancement des sciences (1872–1914), un projet politique pour une société savante . By Cristina Chimisso 225 Henry Le Chatelier, Science et industrie: Les Débuts du taylorisme en France . By Robert Fox 227 Margit Szöllösi-Janze (ed.), Science in the Third Reich . By Jonathan Harwood 227 Vadim J. Birstein, The Perversion of Knowledge ; The true Story of Soviet Science. By C. A. J. Chilvers 229 Guy Hartcup, The Effect of Science on the Second World War . By David Edgerton 230 Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch, True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen, the Only Winner of Two Nobel Prizes in Physics . By Arne Hessenbruch 230 Stephen B. Johnson, The Secret of Apollo: Systems Management in American and European Space Programs , John M. Logsdon (ed.), Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program. Volume V: Exploring the Cosmos and Douglas J. Mudgway, Uplink-Downlink: A History of the Deep Space Network 1957–1997 . By Jon Agar 231 Helen Ross and Cornelis Plug, The Mystery of the Moon Illusion: Exploring Size Perception . By Klaus Hentschel 233 Matthew R. Edwards (ed.), Pushing Gravity: New Perspectives on Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation . By Friedrich Steinle 234 Ernest B. Hook (ed.), Prematurity in Scientific Discovery: On Resistance and Neglect . By Alex Dolby 235 John Waller, Fabulous Science: Fact and Fiction in the History of Scientific Discovery . By Alex Dolby 236 Rosalind Williams, Retooling: A Historian Confronts Technological Change . By Keith Vernon 237 Colin Divall and Andrew Scott, Making Histories in Transport Museums . By Anthony Coulls 238
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0874 , 1474-001X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007087404215813
    RVK:
    AK 10100
    RVK:
    AK 10188
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017943-1
    SSG: 24
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