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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Militarization of Nature: Conflict and Control over Strategic Resources and Some Implications for Peace Policies
    SAGE Publications ; 1979
    In:  Journal of Peace Research Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 1979-03), p. 1-26
    Details
    In: Journal of Peace Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 1979-03), p. 1-26
    Abstract: Military consumption of natural resources is one of the problems which figure prominently in the United Nations' action programme on disarmament and development. Reporting on a study that was initiated in 1975 and which has met with considerable problems in getting access to information, the author presents original data on military-related consumption of energy and minerals in the United States and elsewhere. After the so-called 'oil crisis', decision-makers and strategists have shown increased concern over external supply of strategic resources and have come up with proposals on how to deal with vulnerable supply lines. These and other options are surveyed. It is concluded that the major powers, which are also the principal arms producers and exporters, still may secure supplies by measures, including imperialist practices, at the international level. At the same time, dependence on strategic resources domestically not available may be reduced by measures internal to the importing country. Technological innovations have reduced the relative demand for many minerals and are increasingly making composite materials available for military purposes. Still, the arms race continues to absorb great quantities of a number of non-renewable materials. Due to the close integration of state interests with those of private capital, co-ordination between them is the rule rather than the exception. Purely military-strategic interests may sometimes not coincide completely with those of state or private capital, but usually the latter is 'collecting' the necessary foreign resources for the former through the process of internationalization. These facts make control of supply, for the purpose of restricting or diverting military consumption, difficult — both at the national and the international level. Some such measures of control are presented and discussed, ranging from imposing taxes through regulating trade to supervising armaments industries in the arms-producing countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3433 , 1460-3578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002234337901600101
    RVK:
    PR 1000
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    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1979
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Thinking about television audiences: Entertainment and reconstruction in nature documentaries
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  European Journal of Communication Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 570-583
    Details
    In: European Journal of Communication, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 570-583
    Abstract: Documentary reconstruction is a creative production decision which involves reconstructing a reality or event rather than filming it as it occurs spontaneously. This article studies the use of the resource in the filming of nature documentaries for the series El Hombre y la Tierra. All of the action scenes in the series were reconstructions, which required rehearsals and involved a large amount of editing work. Without documentary reconstruction and the handling of animals it would have been impossible to film the majority of the hunting sequences, and the series never would have achieved the success that it did. Even today El Hombre y la Tierra is a point of reference in entertainment in nature documentaries and continues to raise debate about how to communicate the lives of wild animals in a respectful and truthful way to ever more demanding audiences, as well as about the need for, and boundaries of, entertainment in scientific television programmes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0267-3231 , 1460-3705
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0267323113494075
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    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 3
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    Space, nature and hierarchy: the ecosystemic politics of the Caspian Sea
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of International Relations Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 449-475
    Details
    In: European Journal of International Relations, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2023-06), p. 449-475
    Abstract: The Anthropocene has given rise to growing efforts to govern the world’s ecosystems. There is a hitch, however, ecosystems do not respect sovereign borders; hundreds traverse more three states and thus require complex international cooperation. This article critically examines the political and social consequences of the growing but understudied trend towards transboundary ecosystem cooperation. Matchmaking the new hierarchy scholarship in International Relations (IR) and political geography, the article theorises how ecosystem discourse embodies a latent spatially exclusive logic that can bind together and bound from outside unusual bedfellows in otherwise politically awkward spaces. We contend that such ‘ecosystemic politics’ can generate spatialised ‘broad hierarchies’ that cut across both Westphalian renderings of space and the latent post-colonial and/or material inequalities that have hitherto been the focus of most of the new hierarchies scholarship. We illustrate our argument by conducting a multilevel longitudinal analysis of how Caspian Sea environmental cooperation has produced a broad hierarchy demarking and sharpening the boundaries of the region, become symbolic of Caspian in-group competence and neighbourliness, and used as a rationale for future Caspian-shaped cooperation. We reason that if ecosystemic politics can generate new renderings of space amid an otherwise heavily contested space as the Caspian, further research is warranted to explore systemic hierarchical consequences elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-0661 , 1460-3713
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/13540661221142179
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    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stein, Aaron "The nature and significance of interaction in group psychotherapy." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1970, 20(April): 153-163
    SAGE Publications ; 1970
    In:  American Behavioral Scientist Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 1970-09), p. 151-152
    Details
    In: American Behavioral Scientist, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 1970-09), p. 151-152
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-7642 , 1552-3381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0002764270014001116
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    MB 2440
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1970
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Watching the Watchers : The Nature and Content of Campaign Ad Watches
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2002-04), p. 34-57
    Details
    In: Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2002-04), p. 34-57
    Abstract: Since David Broder issued a challenge to journalists after the 1988 presidential campaign to move from being “color commentators” to “referees,” political campaign ad watches have proliferated. This article uses originally coded data to empirically document the growth, increasing diversity, and content of all original print ad watches from the 1992,1996, and 2000 election cycles. Testing a series of standard political communication hypotheses, the analysis indicates that while ad watches have increased in frequency, source, and target, they have been molded more to emphasize the strategic aspect of advertising than to evaluate the veracity of content. Systematic bias emerges in the form of local sources’ being easier on local incumbents, a penchant for carrying out ad watches on negative ads, and treating Democratic ads more favorably than Republican.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1081-180X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1081180X0200700204
    RVK:
    AP 20420
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    AP 20100
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    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 6
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    The Nature and Meanings of Nonviolent Direct Action: An Exploratory Study
    SAGE Publications ; 1988
    In:  Journal of Peace Research Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 1988-03), p. 81-89
    Details
    In: Journal of Peace Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 1988-03), p. 81-89
    Abstract: Using a minimal, consensual definition of nonviolence, and drawing from the case listing by Sharp (1973), this study factor analyses 72 actual cases of nonviolent direct action. Fifty-nine variables are employed that measure characteristics of the actors and objects (e.g. their number, organization, leadership, etc.), the situation (e.g. the political system, population, wealth, etc. of the country in which the case took place), the action (e.g. any training, the techniques used by both actor and object, etc.) and the outcomes, in terms of associated violence and success in realization of objectives. Twelve nearly orthogonal first-order dimensions were interpreted, while six second-order factors were also examined in both the R and Q matrices. Nondemocratic conditions emerged as the single largest contribution to the patterns. Based on the delineation of characteristic (R) and case (Q) groupings, typologies of nonviolence and nonviolent direct action advocates were offered. In addition, three hypothetical perspectives on nonviolence were noted as the discussion shifted from a focus on (nonviolent) methods to (democratic) processes of conflict resolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3433 , 1460-3578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002234338802500108
    RVK:
    PR 1000
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1988
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  • 7
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    ‘Conquest from barbarism’: The Danube Commission, international order and the control of nature as a Standard of Civilization
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  European Journal of International Relations Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2019-06), p. 335-359
    Details
    In: European Journal of International Relations, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2019-06), p. 335-359
    Abstract: In recent years, International Relations scholarship has looked back to the 19th century as a watershed epoch for the formation of the current international order and the development of ‘Standards of Civilization’ to legitimate that order. However, limited attention has been paid to the role played by society’s relationship with the natural world in constructing these civilizational standards. This article argues that the control and exploitation of nature as a standard of civilization developed in the 19th century to constitute membership in a civilized European international society. The standard dictated that civilized polities must both demonstrate internal territorial control and uphold external obligations towards other actors. In examining 19th-century political contestations over the Danube River as a natural highway between Europe and the near periphery, I demonstrate that in the eyes of Western Europe, Russia failed to uphold the taming of nature as a civilizational standard, contributing to the delegitimization of its authority over the Danube. In its place, the Western powers following the Crimean War created an international commission to manage the Danube delta — a rational and scientific body to rectify the troublesome absence of civilized authority. These civilizational assumptions underpin the 1856 Danube Commission as an early international organization, and through its success, continue to have implications for today’s international order.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-0661 , 1460-3713
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1354066118768379
    RVK:
    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Right or Robust? The Sensitive Nature of Repression to Globalization
    SAGE Publications ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Peace Research Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2005-11), p. 679-698
    Details
    In: Journal of Peace Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2005-11), p. 679-698
    Abstract: A growing number of studies provide quantitative evidence that economic globalization encourages government protection of human rights: trade and investment advance civil and political rights and encourage governments to refrain from violations of the right to life, liberty, and the security of the person. Other studies provide evidence that globalization promotes government repression of human rights: the arbitrary arrest, torture, forced disappearance, or extra-judicial killing of citizens, activists, or dissidents by state security forces under the control of ruling state elites. This article employs a variant of Extreme Bounds Analysis in order to analyze the robustness of this growing body of important but contradictory inferences. It argues that (1) we can make robust empirical claims about the relationship between certain trade and investment indicators and government repression, but shows that (2) cumulative knowledge across studies nevertheless remains limited by the sensitivity of many indicators to conditioning sets of information. This problem stems from vaguely specified theoretical mechanisms linking economic processes to government repression and is of potentially great consequence for scholarship seeking to explain the causes of human rights violations, in particular, and the effects of economic globalization, in general.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3433 , 1460-3578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0022343305057887
    RVK:
    PR 1000
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    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 9
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    Inter Arma Caritas: Evolution and Nature of International Humanitarian Law
    SAGE Publications ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Peace Research Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 1987-09), p. 237-249
    Details
    In: Journal of Peace Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 1987-09), p. 237-249
    Abstract: International humanitarian law can be defined as the principles and rules which regulate hostilities in order to attenuate their hardships: they aim at safeguarding military personnel placed 'hors de combat' and persons not taking part in hostilities; they also determine the rights and duties of belligerents in the conduct of operations and limit the choice of means of doing harm. This law combines two ideas of a different nature, one legal and the other moral, which may explain the apparent paradoxes it raises (Part 1). The evolution of humanitarian thought through the ages (Part 2) — as well as the attitude of States, the weight of history and politics — have determined the uneasy but progressive codification of humanitarian norms (Part 3). To understand the very nature of humanitarian law, we have to take into account the so-called 'military necessity' which may be at the origin of limitations, if not gaps, in the development and the implementation of humanitarian law. However, because it is also indebted to superior principles derived from established custom, principles of humanity and the dictates of public conscience, humanitarian law has acquired specificities which make it universal and obligatory. If humanitarian law is a law concluded by States, its real aim is the protection of the human person (Part 4).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3433 , 1460-3578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/002234338702400304
    RVK:
    PR 1000
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    MA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1987
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  • 10
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    Teleology on Television? : Implicit Models of Evolution in Broadcast Wildlife and Nature Programmes
    SAGE Publications ; 2003
    In:  European Journal of Communication Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2003-12), p. 435-453
    Details
    In: European Journal of Communication, SAGE Publications, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2003-12), p. 435-453
    Abstract: Wildlife and nature programmes are a popular and profitable genre. To test an impression that these programmes’ references to evolution tend to be teleological, the authors collected a sample of UK radio and television (both terrestrial and cable/satellite) output over a two-month period. Analysis suggests that they fall into seven subgenres but the very high-cost ‘blue chip’ and, conversely, the supposedly cheap and cheerful ‘presenterled’ categories accounted for over half the programmes. Counterintuitively, the most expensive and elaborate programmes seem to be most inclined to treat evolution teleologically. By contrast, the less respected presenter-led subgenre seems to allow more ‘space’ for explanatory complexity. We argue that, as in other subgenres, this is because the assumed audience demand for strong narrative drive can be met by borrowing from other programme genres, action movies and whodunits, for example.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0267-3231 , 1460-3705
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0267323103184001
    RVK:
    AP 10100
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    AP 10250
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    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2003
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