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  • Journals
  • Articles  (6)
  • 04.03. Geodesy
  • 04.08. Volcanology
  • impact assessment
  • pore pressure monitoring
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  • Journals
  • Articles  (6)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In a volcanic crisis, authorized decision-makers must balance the social and economic costs of mitigating actions, such as evacuation, against the potential human losses if such actions are insufficient. In making their decisions, advice is needed from volcanologists on the eruption probability. Therefore, there should be a clear separation in the roles of volcanologists and decision-makers; the volcanologists should advise on the volcano hazard and alternative potential scenarios but refrain from involvement in making decisions. Currently, volcanologists are responsible for setting volcano alert levels. Given the small handful of distinct alert levels, there is inherent ambiguity and substantial uncertainty in the interpretation of individual levels. Furthermore, changing an alert level may automatically trigger actions by decision-makers. This would violate the principle of separation of responsibility and may result in unwelcome pressure being applied to volcanologists. Just as physicians can invoke medical ethics in resisting pressure to alter their advice, so volcanologists can invoke geoethics. Freedom to abide by their scientific beliefs is a basic tenet of geoethics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19-23
    Description: Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal)
    Description: 4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: volcano ; crisis ; evacuation ; geoethics ; responsibility ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Understanding the complexity of future volcanic impacts that can be potentially induced by the large variability of volcanic hazards and the multiple dimensions of vulnerability of the increasingly interdependent and interconnected societies, requires an in-depth analysis of past events. A structured and inclusive post-event impact assessment framework is proposed and applied for the evaluation of damage and disruption on critical infrastructures caused by the eruption of the Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) in 2011–2012. This framework is built on the forensic analysis of disasters combined with the techniques of the root cause analysis that converge in a bow-tie tool. It consists of a fault tree connected to subsequent event trees to describe the causal order of impacts. Considering the physical and systemic dimensions of vulnerability, four orders of impact have been identified: i) the first order refers to the physical damage or the primary impact on a component of the critical infrastructure; ii) the second order refers to the loss of functionality in the system due to a physical damage on key components of the system; iii) the third order refers to the systemic impact due to the interdependency and connectivity among different critical infrastructures; and iv) a higher order is related to the consequences on the main economic sectors and to social disruption that can activate an overall damage to the economy of the country or countries affected. Our study in the Argentinian Patagonia shows that the long-lasting impact of the 2011–2012 Cordón Caulle eruption is mostly due to a secondary hazard (i.e., wind remobilisation of ash), which exacerbated the primary impact affecting significantly larger areas and for longer time with respect to primary tephra deposition. In addition, systemic vulnerability, particularly the intrinsic dependencies within and among systems, played a major role in the cascading impact of the analysed communities.
    Description: This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (200021–163152).
    Description: Published
    Description: 645945
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: impact assessment ; volcanic eruptions ; forensic analysis ; systemic vulnerability ; cascading effects ; bow-tie approach ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Basaltic volcanoes represent a very large portion of active volcanism and exhibit a wide variability in their eruptive style. The basaltic eruptive activity in fact shows either a purely effusive behavior or an explosive character, which can, rarely, also turn into violent Plinian eruptions. The most characteristic explosive activities of basaltic magmatism are represented by Strombolian eruptions and lava fountains. The study of the relationship that exists between the pre-eruptive dynamics (e.g. fractional crystallization, mixing, degassing), the chemicalphysical variations of the magma in the volcanic feeding system and the related outcomes (in terms of eruptive style and geophysical markers) at the surface has been, in the last decades, reason of numerous studies. Nonetheless, the complexity of the volcanic system and its inaccessibility to direct observations still makes it difficult to reconstruct the dynamics of the magmatic system, basing on surface observations of the eruptive activity. A challenging objective of modern volcanology is to quantitatively characterize eruptive/degassing regimes from geophysical signals (in particular seismic and infrasonic), for both research and monitoring purposes. The outcomes of the attempts made so far are still considered very uncertain because volcanoes remain inaccessible when deriving quantitative information on crucial parameters such as plumbing system geometry and magma viscosity. Therefore the realization of laboratory made by several devices, capable to scale and reproduce in a controlled way the degassing dynamics of volcanic systems and measure the relative elastic markers (seismic and acoustic), is an indispensable tool to identify reliable quantitative relationships between the geophysical signals and the related eruptive and outgassing parameters. With the Aeolus project we build an experimental laboratory for the study of degassing dynamics through analogue volcanic eruptions. In particular the laboratory is capable of 1) investigate the relationship between degassing processes and the relative seismo-acoustic signals; 2) study the effect of different degrees of irregularity (i.e. roughness of the internal surface) of volcanic conduits on the eruptive style and/or the associated seismic-acoustic signals; 3) unravel the timescales of cyclic activity at basaltic volcanoes, reproducing the foam collapse model of Jaupart and Vergniolle (1988, 1989), which explains the transition between different explosive terms of the basaltic system (e.g. Strombolian activity and lava fountains), in a range of dimensionless parameters close to the volcanic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: Parma
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Keywords: Experiments ; Degassive dynamics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: The Sicily Channel has been affected by extensional tectonic processes, since Late Miocene and mostly during the Pliocene which leaded to the development of a number of tectonic depressions (e.g. Pantelleria, Linosa and Malta troughs). These tectonic depressions have been interpreted as large and discrete pull-apart basins involving deep crustal levels that developed in front of the Africa-Eurasia collisional belt within a large dextral wrench zone. The Sicily Channel is a region with a potentially moderate seismic and volcanic hazard, due to the occurrence, in the recent past, of volcanic eruptions sometimes accompanied by significant seismic swarms (Mmax ≤ 5). In order to provide an improved picture of the seismic characteristics of the Sicily Channel, we compiled a seismic catalog by taking into account all information coming from available instrumental catalogues, reports and instrumental data recorded covering the period 1981-2017. Moreover, taking advantage of the availability of a set of continuous GNSS stations installed along the southern Sicilian on-shore, we propose an improved picture of the current crustal deformation pattern over the investigated area. To this aim, we collected and analyzed all available data coming from the permanent GNSS stations installed across the Sicily Channel as well as the southern Sicilian onshore, spanning the 1999-2018 time interval. In addition, based on our GNSS and seismological observations, we provide a preliminary evaluation of the seismic/geodetic deformation-rate ratio for the investigated area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania (Italy)
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: Sicily Channel ; Seismic-geodetic deformation ; Seismic catalog ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-11-12
    Description: In this paper we describe the results of an experimental implementation of the recent guidelines issued by the Italian regulatory body for monitoring hydrocarbon production activities. In particular, we report about the pilot study on seismic, deformation, and pore pressure monitoring of the Mirandola hydrocarbon cultivation facility in Northern Italy. This site hosts the Cavone oil field that was speculated of possibly influencing the 2012 ML 5.8 Mirandola earthquake source. According to the guidelines, the monitoring center should analyse geophysical measurements related to seismicity, crustal deformation and pore pressure in quasi real-time (within 24–48 h). A traffic light system would then be used to regulate underground operations in case of detecting significant earthquakes (i.e., events with size and location included in critical ranges). For these 2-year period of guidelines experimentation, we analysed all different kinds of available data, and we tested the existence of possible relationship between their temporal trends. Despite the short time window and the scarce quantity of data collected, we performed the required analysis and extracted as much meaningful and statistically reliable information from the data. We discuss here the most important observations drawn from the monitoring results, and highlight the lessons learned by describing practical issues and limitations that we have encountered in carrying out the tasks as defined in the guidelines. Our main goal is to contribute to the discussion about how to better monitor the geophysical impact of this kind of anthropogenic activity. We point out the importance of a wider seismic network but, mostly, of borehole sensors to improve microseismic detection capabilities. Moreover, the lack of an assessment of background seismicity in an unperturbed situation -due to long life extraction activities- makes it difficult to get a proper picture of natural background seismic activity, which would be instead an essential reference information for a tectonically-active regions, such as Northern Italy.
    Description: “Convenzione tra il comune di San Possidonio e l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia -I.N.G.V.- per l’attuazione del monitoraggio nella concessione di coltivazione idrocarburi “Mirandola” finalizzata alla messa in opera di attività di monitoraggio di sperimentazione degli indirizzi e linee guida per i monitoraggi ILG ed assunzione funzioni di Struttura Preposta al Monitoraggio di cui all’art. 6 del Protocollo Operativo”
    Description: Published
    Description: 685300
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Italian guidelines for monitoring industrial activities ; induced seismicity ; pore pressure monitoring ; deformation monitoring ; seismic monitoring ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: L’attività presentata è parte del Progetto dal titolo “Feasibility of an absolute gravity network in central Italy: toward a multi-disciplinary approach to natural risk assessment”, finanziato dall’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) nell’ambito dei Progetti di Ricerca Libera finalizzati allo studio e al monitoraggio dei rischi naturali dell’Italia Centrale. Lo scopo del progetto è la realizzazione di una rete gravimetrica, assoluta e relativa, e di stazioni GPS a larga scala in Italia Centrale, nelle aree interessate dalla più recente attività sismica, e di gettare le basi per un approccio multidisciplinare alla valutazione del rischio naturale. La fattibilità del progetto è stata possibile per la disponibilità presso l’INGV di due gravimetri assoluti, uno da laboratorio (Micro-g LaCoste FG5#238) e uno da campagna (Micro-g LaCoste A10#39). La finalità principale del progetto è quella di rilevare, mediante l’occupazione di siti già esistenti sul territorio e misurati in passato, eventuali variazioni della gravità e di deformazioni del suolo occorse su lungo periodo. Dopo una ricerca sull’esistenza di vertici gravimetrici e GPS nel territorio, di interesse per il progetto, e a seguito di sopralluogo, sono stati selezionati 5 siti distribuiti tra Lazio e Abruzzo, come illustrato nella Fig.1. Figura 1: Distribuzione delle stazioni selezionate per misure gravimetriche e GPS in Centro Italia. Due vertici di misure relative (Terni e Popoli), appartenenti alla rete del rilievo gravimetrico condotto dall’ING nel 1954 (Morelli, 1955), sono stati collegati a due stazioni assolute instituite nell’ambito del presente progetto nella stessa area; la stazione assoluta di Sant’Angelo Romano è stata istituita nel 2005 nell’ambito di un Progetto di Ricerca INGV-DPC sui Colli Albani (Berrino et al., 2006; Riguzzi et al., 2007; D’Agostino et al., 2008); un sito per misure relative presso i laboratori superficiali dei Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) istituito nel 2010 nel corso di indagini svolte a seguito dell’evento sismico del 2009 e quando fu contemporaneamente realizzata anche una stazione assoluta nel centro della città di L’Aquila (Berrino et al., 2010); la stazione assoluta all’Aquila presso l’Università di Coppito è stata istituita nel corso del presente progetto in sostituzione di quella realizzata nel 2010 attualmente non occupabile. La prima campagna di misure è stata effettuata nella seconda metà di giugno 2018 durante la quale sono state effettuate: a) misure assolute dell’accelerazione di gravità, con il solo gravimetro FG5#238 per indisponibilità dell’A10#39; b) misure gravimetriche relative per i collegamenti tra i vari vertici assoluti e le rispettive stazioni satelliti relative, e per la misura del locale gradiente verticale della gravità nelle stazioni assolute; c) misure GPS e topografiche classiche per il posizionamento dei siti di misura e il riporto della quota, anche da capisaldi altimetrici dell’IGMI dove esistenti. Una seconda campagna di misura è stata svolta tra la fine di settembre e gli inizi di ottobre 2018 durante la quale sono state effettuate solo misure assolute di gravità, ma con entrambi i gravimetri disponibili, e ulteriori misure GPS e topografiche classiche. Nel corso della seconda campagna, data la possibilità dell’utilizzo del gravimetro assoluto da campagna, è stata anche effettuata la misura assoluta sul sito relativo dei LNGS superficiali. L’utilizzo congiunto dei due gravimetri permette la loro inter-comparazione, utile allo scopo di poter effettuare le misure assolute anche separatamente in qualsiasi altra eventuale occasione che comporta l’utilizzo di più strumenti. Il gravimetro FG5#238 è stato già più volte inter-comparato con il gravimetro di riferimento italiano (Jiang et al., 2012; Greco et al., 2015; Pálinkáš et al., 2017), che è il gravimetro Standar Primario IMGC-02 realizzato presso l’Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM) di Torino; mentre per l’A10 è in fase di attuazione l’inter-comparazione direttamente presso i Laboratori dell’INRiM. L’inter-comparazione tra strumenti è, come ben noto, fondamentale per l’omogeneizzazione dei dati, e la procedura seguita rientra nelle indicazioni date nel 2014 dalla Consultive Committee for Mass and related quantities (CCM) della International Association of Geodesy (IAG) (CCM-IAG Strategy for Metrology in Absolute Gravimetry). Alcune delle stazioni assolute misurate nel presente progetto faranno parte della Rete Gravimetrica Italiana di Riferimento “G0”, che è in fase di progettazione e che sarà costituita da sole stazioni assolute della gravità opportunamente misurate e/o rimisurate. Sebbene i dati raccolti siano ancora in corso di analisi, i risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di evidenziare le variazioni di gravità e di quota occorse ai singoli vertici, sia con riferimento al periodo relativo all’istituzione di ciascun vertice (relativo o assoluto) che tra le due campagne; e in particolare, dall’analisi congiunta dei dati gravimetrici assoluti e relativi, è stato possibile confermare il bias di circa -14 mGal alla stazione di Potsdam, utilizzata come riferimento nella maggior parte dei rilievi gravimetrici condotti in Italia sin dagli anni ’50. Saranno presentati, discussi e analizzati i risultati preliminari ottenuti dalle indagini effettuate.
    Description: Published
    Description: Bologna, Palazzo della Regione
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: Gravimetry ; GPS ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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