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  • Ecology  (3)
  • 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues  (2)
  • geoethics
  • Naturalis Biodiversity Center  (3)
  • CNR IRPPS Monografie e-publishing  (1)
  • Fondazione Umberto Veronesi  (1)
  • 1
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    Genome-scale phylogenies reveal relationships among Parastagonospora species infecting domesticated and wild grasses (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 116-128
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Several plant pathogenic Parastagonospora species have been identified infecting wheat and other cereals over the past 50 years. As new lineages were discovered, naming conventions grew unwieldy and the relationships with previously recognized species remained unclear. We used genome sequencing to clarify relationships among these species and provided new names for most of these species. Six of the nine described Parastagonospora species were recovered from wheat, with five of these species coming from Iran. Genome sequences revealed that three strains thought to be hybrids between P. nodorum and P. pseudonodorum were not actually hybrids, but rather represented rare gene introgressions between those species. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that P. nodorum originated as a pathogen of wild grasses in the Fertile Crescent, then emerged as a wheat pathogen via host-tracking during the domestication of wheat in the same region. The discovery of a diverse array of Parastagonospora species infecting wheat in Iran suggests that new wheat pathogens could emerge from this region in the future.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Fungi of quarantine concern for China I: Dothideomycetes (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 47, pp. 45-105
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The current list of Chinese quarantine pests includes 130 fungal species. However, recent changes in the taxonomy of fungi following the one fungus = one name initiative and the implementation of DNA phylogeny in taxonomic revisions, resulted in many changes of these species names, necessitating an update of the current list. In addition, many quarantine fungi lack modern morphological descriptions and authentic DNA sequences, posing significant challenges for the development of diagnostic protocols. The aim of the present study was to review the taxonomy and names of the 33 Chinese quarantine fungi in Dothideomycetes, and provide reliable DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification. Of these, 23 names were updated according to the single name nomenclature system, including one new combination, namely Cophinforma tumefaciens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis tumefaciens). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, a new genus Xenosphaeropsis is introduced to accommodate the monotypic species Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens), the causal agent of a post-harvest disease of pears. Furthermore, four lectotypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Mycosphaerella ligulicola, Physalospora laricina, Sphaeria lingam), three epitypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Phoma lycopersici, Sphaeria lingam), and two neotypes (Ascochyta pinodella, Deuterophoma tracheiphila) are designated to stabilise the use of these names. A further four reference strains are introduced for Cophinforma tumefaciens, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentro spora acerina, and Septoria linicola. In addition, to assist future studies on these important pathogens, we sequenced and assembled whole genomes for 17 species, including Alternaria triticina, Boeremia foveata, B. lycopersici, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella glomerata, Didymella pinodella, Diplodia mutila, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentrospora acerina, Neofusicoccum laricinum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum, Plenodomus libanotidis, Plenodomus lingam, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, Septoria petroselini, Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi, and Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Chinese quarantine fungi ; DNA barcodes ; genomes ; morphology ; new taxa ; phylogeny ; plant pathogens ; typification
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Geoetica: un'etica per la relazione tra gli esseri umani e la Terra (2022)
    Fondazione Umberto Veronesi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-07
    Description: Gli esseri umani vivono in una società globalizzata, smaterializzata nella sua spazialità e temporalità, tecnologizzata, sempre più omogeneizzata nelle forme culturali e nelle strutture economiche, con accresciute disuguaglianze nel riconoscimento dei diritti umani e nelle possibilità di autodeterminazione e di accesso alle risorse naturali. La pandemia da SARS-CoV-2 ha evidenziato criticità e potenzialità della società globalizzata. I cambiamenti ambientali antropogenici, che modificano le caratteristiche fisico-chimico-biologiche del sistema Terra, costituiscono una minaccia analoga se non più grave per l'abitabilità del pianeta da parte dell'umanità e di molte altre specie viventi. Affrontare urgentemente tali cambiamenti richiede una forte cooperazione internazionale tra gli Stati. Allo stesso tempo è necessario che le comunità umane condividano principi e valori su cui fondare nuove forme di relazione tra esseri umani e natura. In tale prospettiva, la geoetica si propone come etica globale di un mondo complesso, fondata sui principi di dignità, libertà e responsabilità. Human beings live in a globalized society, dematerialized in its spatiality and temporality, technologized, increasingly homogenized in cultural forms and economic structures, with increased inequalities in the recognition of human rights and in the possibilities of self-determination and access to natural resources. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the criticality and potential of the globalized society. Anthropogenic environmental changes, which modify the physical-chemical-biological characteristics of the Earth system, pose a similar if not more serious threat to the habitability of the planet by humanity and many other living species. Addressing such changes urgently requires strong international cooperation among States. At the same time, it needs that human communities share principles and values on which to base new forms of relationship between human beings and nature. In this perspective, geoethics is proposed as global ethics for a complex world, founded on the principles of dignity, freedom and responsibility.
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-53
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: geoetica ; pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ; riscaldamento globale ; cambiamenti antropogenici ; società globalizzata ; sviluppo sostenibile ; geoethics ; SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ; global warming ; anthropogenic changes ; globalized society ; sustainable development ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora (2019)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 43 no. 1, pp. 90-185
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The genus Neocosmospora (Fusarium solani species complex) contains saprobes, plant endophytes \nand pathogens of major economic significance as well as opportunistic animal pathogens. Advances in biological \nand phylogenetic species recognition revealed a rich species diversity which has largely remained understudied. \nMost of the currently recognised species lack formal descriptions and Latin names, while the taxonomic utility of old \nnames is hampered by the lack of nomenclatural type specimens. Therefore, to stabilise the taxonomy and nomenclature of these important taxa, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several old names by \nmeans of morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on rDNA (ITS and LSU), rpb2 and tef1 sequences. Sixtyeight species are accepted in Neocosmospora, 29 of them described herein as new; while 13 new combinations \nare made. Eleven additional phylogenetic species are recognized, but remain as yet undescribed. Lectotypes are \nproposed for eight species, seven species are epitypified and two species are neotypified. Notes on an additional \n17 doubtful or excluded taxa are provided.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Fusarium ; new taxa ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    La parola crea: a chi le responsabilità di una comunicazione inclusiva? (2018)
    CNR IRPPS Monografie e-publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: In public research organizations in Italy, communication and outreach, as well as research support services, are often left to women. Consequently, the role which female staff plays, becomes central in communication processes both inside and outside the organization. An increasing number of female researchers have to abandon terms like “il ricercatore” (the researcher, used in the masculine form of the noun) or “man/month” in everyday language without fear of being diminished because of the use of feminine, nor of being discriminated while considered feminists. They should instead use inclusive expressions, taking into account gender, hence communicating real images of science and scientists. On the other hand, administrative documents should address the whole personnel, and not only to the ubiquitous “il dipendente” (the employee, masculine noun) opposed to “lavoratrici madri” (“mother-workers”). There is a plenty of opportunities to convey images of science meaning that research is performed both by women and men, and that consequences are addressed to women and men: activities with schools, seminars, outreach events and exhibitions, institutional communication and social networks. The responsibilities of an inclusive communication are numerous; they invest institutions and bodies in charge with structural changes in the organizations as well as those people who every day interact with users and participants of knowledge processes. Training as well as a daily practice are necessary. The paper comments some communication experiences in earth sciences, in progress at the National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology of Italy – INGV.
    Description: Published
    Description: 139-145
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Keywords: Comunicazione ; Genere ; Linguaggio di genere ; Communication ; Gender ; Gender sensitive language ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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