Note: Intro -- Forest and Nature Governance -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Prelude to Practice: Introducing a Practice Based Approach to Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.2…Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.3…Three Models for Understanding Human Behaviour -- 1.4…The Turn to Practice in Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.5…Sensitising Concepts of the Practice Based Approach -- 1.6…Methodological Guidelines -- 1.7…The Book's Contents -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 From Practical Science to a Practice Based Approach: A Short History of Forest Policy Studies -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Practising Science: Kuhn's Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.3…Characteristics of Traditional Forestry Science -- 2.4…Forest Policy StudiesForest policy studies as Practical Science -- 2.5…Changes in Forest Policy -- 2.5.1 Emergence of New Forestry and Rural Development Policies -- 2.5.2 Embedding of Forest Policy into Environmental Policy -- 2.5.3 Incorporation of Forest Policy in Newly Emerging Governance Arrangements -- 2.5.4 Repercussions for Forest Policies -- 2.6…From Normative to Analytical Science -- 2.6.1 Changing Academic Orientation -- 2.7…Changes in the Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.8…Emergence of Critical Policy Studies -- 2.8.1 Impacts on Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.9…Conclusion -- References -- Part II Rethinking Institutions -- 3 Bricolage PracticesBricolage Practices in Local Forestry -- 3.1…Introduction -- 3.2…Critical InstitutionalismCritical Institutionalism and Institutional Bricolage -- 3.3…Bricolage PracticesBricolage Practices -- 3.4…Examples of Bricolage Practices From Different Parts of the World -- 3.5…Forest Conservation and Development in Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea -- 3.6…Logging Concessions and Indigenous Territory in BoliviaBolivia -- 3.7…Issuing Logging Permits in the DRC -- 3.8…Conclusions. , References -- 4 What Institutions Do: Grasping Participatory Practices in the Water Framework Directive -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…What Participatory Institutions Do -- 4.3…Fields and Logics of Practice -- 4.4…The Practice of Participation in the WFD in the Netherlands -- 4.4.1 The Design and Organisation of Public Participation in the WFD -- 4.4.2 Extending and Improving the Public Sphere? -- 4.4.3 Changing the Logic of the Governance Network -- 4.4.4 The Economics of Participation -- 4.5…Conclusion: Grasping Participatory Practices -- Acknowledgments -- A.1. Annex 1: List and dates of interviewees cited in this chapter (all interviews were in Dutch and have been translated by the authors) -- References -- 5 Invited Spaces and Informal Practices in Participatory Community Forest Management in IndiaIndia -- 5.1…Introduction -- 5.2…Methodology and Research Context -- 5.2.1 Methodology -- 5.2.2 Selection of Research Site -- 5.2.3 Background Information on Adavipalli -- 5.2.4 Key Actors and Institutions in APCFM Intervention -- 5.2.5 GenderGender Policy in APCFM Intervention (Formal Provisions) -- 5.3…Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming -- 5.3.1 Self-ImagesSelf-images and Roles of Men and Women -- 5.3.1.1 Box 5.1 Self-imagesSelf-images of men and women of their roles in the household/community -- Box 5.2 Male and female VSS members on their practices -- 5.3.2 Actual Practices Around Womenrsquors Participation in Adavipalli VSS -- 5.4…Findings and Discussion -- 5.5…Implications for Future Gender Mainstreaming Projects -- References -- Government Orders -- Part III The Global-Local Nexus -- 6 Global Forest Governance: Multiple Practices of Policy PerformancePolicy Performance -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…The Assumed Failure of GlobalGlobal Forest Governance -- 6.3…Global Forest GovernanceGlobal Forest Governance: Regime or Non-Regime?. , 6.4…InstitutionsInstitutions, Discourses, Practices -- 6.5…Multiple Practices of Policy PerformancePolicy Performance -- 6.6…Global Forest Discourses and Norms -- 6.7…ParticipatoryParticipatory Forest ManagementParticipatory Forest Management in Babati District, TanzaniaBabati District, Tanzania -- 6.8…Forest CertificationForest Certification in Kikole, TanzaniaTanzania -- 6.9…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 The Practice of Interaction Management: Enhancing Synergies Among Multilateral REDD+REDD+ Institutions -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Conceptualisation of Interaction Management as a Practice -- 7.3…The Practice of REDD+ Interaction Management -- 7.3.1 Introducing REDD+REDD+ -- Box 7.1: The Three Global REDD+REDD+ Programmes -- 7.3.1.0 -- 7.3.2 REDD+REDD+ Interaction Management -- 7.3.2.0 Developing a Common Umbrella Framework -- 7.3.2.0 Harmonised REDD+REDD+ Readiness Support -- 7.3.2.0 Safeguards -- 7.3.2.0 Governing Bodies -- 7.4…Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 8 How do Forest Markets Work? Exploring a Practice Perspective -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…The Evolution of Markets -- 8.2.1 The Origins: The Market as a Location -- 8.2.2 The Market as an Observable Interface Between Sellers and Buyers -- 8.2.3 The Market as an Abstract Concept of Exchange -- 8.2.4 Markets as Institutional Arrangements -- 8.2.5 A Sociology of Markets -- 8.2.6 And Now, How Further? -- 8.3…Towards a New Approach: Markets as Practices -- 8.3.1 What are Practices? -- 8.3.2 Markets as Practices -- 8.4…The Certified Timber Market -- 8.5…Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Representing Nature ? -- 9 Globalising Biodiversity: Scientific Practices of Scaling and Databasing -- 9.1…Global Biodiversity, Global Science -- 9.2…Databases, Standards and Categories -- 9.3…Scaling as Scientific Practice -- 9.4…The EBONEEBONE Project. , 9.5…Negotiating and Scaling Biodiversity Data -- 9.5.1 BootstrappingBootstrapping and the Use of Existing Data -- 9.5.2 Statistics -- 9.5.3 BiodiversityBiodiversity Indicators -- 9.5.4 The Network -- 9.5.5 Scaling UpScaling Up -- 9.6…Practices of Databasing and Scaling -- 9.7…Globalising Biodiversity -- References -- 10 Where Management Practices and Experiential Practices Meet: Public Support and Conflict in Ecosystem Management -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Experiential PracticeExperiential Practices -- 10.2.1 The Importance of the Material Context -- 10.2.2 The Importance of Knowing -- 10.2.3 The Importance of Emotions -- 10.2.4 RoutinesRoutines and Their Disturbance -- 10.3…Methods -- 10.3.1 Study Sites -- 10.3.2 Case Study 1---Visitor Behaviour in Dwingelderveld National ParkDwingelderveld National Park -- 10.3.3 Case Study 2---Perceived Attractiveness of Nature in Dwingelderveld National ParkDwingelderveld National Park -- 10.3.4 Case Study 3---The Emergence of Protest in Drents-Friese Wold National ParkDrents-Friese Wold National Park -- 10.4…Results -- 10.4.1 Case Study 1: The Material Context Defines Visitor Behaviour -- 10.4.2 Case Study 2: Hiking Visitors Find Restored Nature Attractive -- 10.4.3 Case Study 3: ESM Threatens Established Practices -- 10.5…Discussion -- References -- 11 Creating Scientific Narratives: Experiences in Constructing and Interweaving Empirical and Theoretical Plottheoretical plots -- 11.1…Researchers as 'Scientific' Narrators -- 11.2…Constructing Scientific Narratives and Being Accountable for Them -- 11.3…Reflection Upon Our Own Practice as Scientific Narrators -- 11.4…The Narrative of the Drentsche Aa -- 11.4.1 Setting the Scene -- 11.4.2 Eventualisation of the Case -- 11.4.3 Creating a Case Journal or Case Record -- 11.4.4 Selecting Key Events -- 11.4.5 The Hermeneutic Spiralhermeneutic spiral. , 11.4.6 Constructing the Narrative -- 11.5…Making One Narrative Out of the Narratives of the Yorkshire Dales, Doñana and the Veluwe -- 11.5.1 Setting the Scene -- 11.5.2 Selection of Cases -- 11.5.3 Eventualisation of the Case -- 11.5.4 Creating a Case Journal or Case Record -- 11.5.5 Selecting Key Themes -- 11.5.6 The Hermeneutic Spiralhermeneutic spiral -- 11.5.7 Constructing the Narrative -- 11.6…Comparing Our Experiences as Scientific Narrators -- 11.7…The Practice Based Approach and Researchers as Narrators -- References -- Part V Conclusion -- 12 The Promise of Practice: The Value of the Practice Based Approach for Forest and Nature Governance Studies -- 12.1…Introduction -- 12.2…Forest and Nature Practices -- 12.3…Revisiting the Three Sensitising Concepts -- 12.4…Establishing a Practice Based Approach -- 12.5…The Potential of the Practice Based Approach for Governance Studies -- 12.6…From Studies to Practice -- References -- Author Biographies -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter-1 -- Introducing Life Cycle Assessment and its Presentation in 'LCA Compendium' -- 1 What is Life Cycle Assessment? -- 2 LCA-How it Came About -- 2.1 The Early Time -- 2.2 Harmonisation by SETAC -- 2.3 Standardisation by ISO -- 2.4 Recent Trends -- 3 The Structure of LCA According to ISO 14040 and 14044 -- 3.1 Goal and Scope Definition -- 3.2 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis -- 3.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 3.4 Interpretation -- 4 The Structure of LCA Beyond ISO 14040 -- 4.1 Applications of Life Cycle Assessment -- 4.2 Beyond the Classical ISO LCA -- 4.3 Life Cycle Management -- 4.4 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 4.5 LCA Worldwide -- 5 Structure of 'LCA Compendium' -- 5.1 Background and Future Prospects in Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.2 Goal and Scope Definition in Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.3 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis -- 5.4 Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 5.5 Interpretation -- and, Critical Review and Reporting -- 5.6 Overview on LCA Applications -- 5.7 Special types of Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.8 Life Cycle Management -- 5.9 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 5.10 LCA Worldwide -- 6 New Developments and Special Types of Life Cycle Assessment-How Are they taken into Account? -- 7 How Scientific is LCA? -- Appendix-Glossary -- References -- Chapter-2 -- The Role of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Development and Application -- 1 Introduction-SETAC and Life Cycle Assessment -- 2 Life Before SETAC's Involvement with LCA -- 2.1 Focus on Pollution Reduction -- 2.2 Moving Beyond Pollution Control to Pollution Prevention -- 2.2.1 Duelling Diaper Debates -- 2.2.2 Mercury in Fluorescent Light Bulbs -- 2.2.3 Coca-Cola's Supply Chain Improvements -- 3 The Birth of SETAC -- 3.1 SETAC Workshops. , 3.1.1 Pellston Workshops -- 3.1.2 Technical Workshops -- 4 Early Days of SETAC 1990-1993 -- 4.1 SETAC LCA Groups -- 4.2 LCA Group Activities -- 4.2.1 A Technical Framework for Life Cycle assessment. August 18-23, 1990, Smugglers Notch, Vermont -- 4.2.2 Life Cycle Assessment: Inventory, Classification, Valuation, and Data Bases. December 2-3, 1991, Leiden, The Netherlands -- 4.2.3 A Conceptual Framework for Life Cycle Impact Assessment. February 1-7, 1992, Sandestin, Florida -- 4.2.4 Data Quality: A Conceptual Framework. October 4-9, 1992, in Wintergreen, Virginia -- 4.2.5 Code of Practice. Sesimbra, Portugal, March 31-April 3, 1993 -- 4.3 SETAC LCA Workgroups from 1994 to 2000 -- 4.4 SETAC LCA Workshops and Initiatives up from 1999 -- 4.4.1 Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Public Policy, August 14-19, 1995, Wintergreen, VA, USA -- 4.4.2 A Second Wave of LCA Workshops -- 5 SETAC and the International Organization for Standardization -- 6 On-Going SETAC Activities -- 6.1 Global Advisory Groups -- 7 UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative -- 8 SETAC's Role in Advancing the Use of LCA in the Building Sector -- 9 Future Role of SETAC -- 9.1 Expanding the Use of LCA -- 9.2 LCA Case Studies -- 9.3 Additional Pellston Workshops -- 9.4 On-Going Effort with the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative -- 9.5 Impact Assessment Advancement -- 9.6 Alternative Assessments -- 9.7 LCA in Developing Countries -- Appendix-Glossary -- References -- Chapter-3 -- The International Standards as the Constitution of Life Cycle Assessment: The ISO 14040 Series and its Offspring -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History of LCA Standards Development -- 1.1.1 The Early Days -- 1.1.2 The First Revision -- 1.1.3 The Proliferation -- 1.2 Relevance of ISO Standards on LCA -- 1.3 ISO's Standardization Process -- 2 The Core Standards of LCA: ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 -- 3 The Spin-off Standards. , 3.1 ISO 14025-Type III Environmental Product Declarations -- 3.2 ISO 14047-Examples of Impact Assessement -- 3.3 ISO 14048-Data Documentation Format -- 3.4 ISO 14049-Examples of Inventory Analysis -- 4 The Future Standards Based on ISO 14040/44 -- 4.1 ISO 14045-Eco-Efficiency Assessment -- 4.2 ISO 14046-Water Footprint -- 4.3 ISO/TS 14067-Carbon Footprint -- 4.4 ISO 14071-Critical Review -- 4.5 ISO 14072-Organizational LCA (OLCA) -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- Appendix-Glossary -- References -- Chapter-4 -- The UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiativeand The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment -- 3 Main Contributions from 2002 to 2012 of the Life Cycle Initiative to the International Community and Best Examples Worldwide -- 3.1 Phase 1-Creating a Global Community -- 3.1.1 The Life Cycle Management Programme -- 3.1.2 The Life Cycle Inventory Programme -- 3.1.3 The Life Cycle Impact Assessment Programme -- 3.1.4 Crosscutting Activities -- 3.2 Phase 2-Becoming a Stakeholder -- 3.2.1 Overall Structure -- 3.2.2 Deliverables -- 3.2.3 Running a Multi-Stakeholder Process: Global Guidance for LCA Databases -- 4 Key Messages Based on Work Conducted During the Last 10 Years -- 4.1 Life Cycle Thinking in the Private Sector-Ahead of the Curve -- 4.2 Life Cycle Thinking in the Public Sector-Potential for Improvement -- 4.3 Life Cycle Methodologies, Impact Assessment and Data-The Foundation for Informed Decision-Making -- 4.4 Life Cycle Sustainability Approaches-Measuring Triple Bottom Line Impacts -- 4.5 Trade-Offs and Unexpected Consequences-Avoiding the Pitfalls -- 4.5.1 Trade-Offs Between Stages of the Product Value Chain -- 4.5.2 Trade-Offs Between Environmental Impact Categories -- 4.5.3 Trade-Offs Between Sustainability Pillars: Environmental, Social, Economic. , 4.5.4 Trade-Offs Between Societies/Regions -- 4.5.5 Generational Trade-Offs -- 4.5.6 Relevant Activities in Last 10 Years -- 4.6 Life Cycle Initiative Networks-Growing in Numbers and Expertise -- 4.6.1 The International Life Cycle Network -- 4.6.2 Life Cycle Jobs are Green Jobs -- 4.6.2 Accomplishments in Phases 1 and 2 -- 4.7 Communicating Life Cycle Information-The Right Story for Every Audience -- 5 The Future of Life Cycle Thinking and Phase 3 of the Life Cycle Initiative -- 5.1 Consultation Process -- 5.2 New Strategic Approach and Programmes -- 5.2.1 Programme on Data -- 5.2.2 Programme on Methodologies -- 5.2.3 Programme on Product Sustainability Information -- 5.2.4 Programme on Capacity Building and Implementation -- 5.2.5 Programme on Communication and Stakeholder Outreach -- 5.3 Setting up the Baseline for Phase 3 of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative-Monitoring Progress by Key Indicators -- 6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Appendix-Glossary -- References -- Chapter-5 -- Life Cycle Assessment as Reflected by the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Milestones in Int J Life Cycle Assess -- 3 Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)-Impact Factor -- 4 Online Publications -- 5 The National Societies -- 5.1 LCA Society of Japan -- 5.2 Indian Society for LCA (ISLCA) -- 5.3 Korean Society for LCA (KSLCA) -- 5.4 Australian LCA Society (ALCAS) -- 5.5 Life Cycle Association of New Zealand (LCANZ) -- 5.6 Other LCA Organisations and Networks -- 5.6.1 SPOLD-Society for the Promotion of Life Cycle Development -- 5.6.2 LCANET-European Network for Strategic Life-Cycle Assessment Research and Development. A Strategic Research Programme for Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.6.3 CHAINET-European Network on Chain Analysis for Environmental Decision Support -- 5.6.4 ISOLP-International Society for LCA Practitioners. , 5.6.5 UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative -- 5.6.6 Swiss Discussion Forum on Life Cycle Assessment -- 5.6.7 LCA Activities in Spain, Italy and Greece -- 6 Topics and Subject Areas -- 6.1 Life Cycle Management -- 6.1.1 Editorial: 'How to Communicate LCA Results' by Walter Klöpffer and Almut B. Heinrich, Int J Life Cycle Assess 5(3): 125 (2000) -- 6.1.2 Editorial: 'Two Planets and One Journal' by Walter Klöpffer and Almut B. Heinrich, Int J Life Cycle Assess 6(1) 1-3 (2001) -- 6.1.3 LCM in the Internet-Journal 'Gate to Environmental and Health Science (EHS)' and the Discussion Forum 'Global LCA Village' -- 6.1.4 Editorial: 'LCM-Integrating a New Section' by Almut B Heinrich and Walter Klöpffer, Int J Life Cycle Assess 7(6): 315-316 (2002) -- 6.1.5 The LCM Conferences -- 6.2 Life Cycle Costing (LCC) -- 6.3 Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) -- 6.4 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) -- 7 Special Issues and Supplements -- 8 ISO Standardisation of LCA -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-6 -- Strengths and Limitations of Life Cycle Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Strengths and Limitations-Perceived and Real-in Life Cycle Assessment -- 2.1 Matching the Goal of the Assessment to the Approach -- 2.2 Gathering the Inventory Data can be Very Resource and Time Intensive -- 2.3 Missing Impact Data and Models for LCIA -- 2.4 Dealing with Data Uncertainty -- 2.5 Distinguishing between Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Risk Assessment -- 2.6 LCA Does not Always (usually) Declare a 'Winner' -- 2.7 LCA Results should be Supplemented by Other Tools in Decision Making -- 2.8 Allocating Environmental Burdens Across Co-products -- 2.9 Assigning Credit for Avoided Burden -- 2.10 Expanding the Boundaries (consequential LCA) -- 3 Life Cycle Thinking -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter-7. , Challenges in Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview of Current Gaps and Research Needs.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 THE MINISTRY OF STATE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND BEYOND: THE SEARCH FOR SCIENCE POLICY -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications Relating to Science Policy in Canada -- III: Activities of the Ministry of State for Science and Technology and Beyond -- A: MOSST Activities Affecting Government Science and Technology -- B: MOSST Activities and Studies Affecting Industry -- C: MOSST Policy Activities and Studies Affecting Universities -- D: MOSST Activities and Studies in the International Field -- E: MOSST Data-Gathering Activities -- F: MOSST Forecasting Activities -- G: Science Studies and Science Policy Initiatives under the Mulroney Conservatives -- H: Science Studies and Science Policy Initiatives under the Chrétien Liberals -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 1.2 THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- III: NSERC Activities -- A: The Long-Range Plans and Objectives -- B: Research Scholarships and Fellowship Training Programs -- C: Discipline-Based Research Program -- D: Targeted Research -- E: Equipment -- IV: Council Sources of the Publications -- 1.3 THE SCIENCE COUNCIL OF CANADA -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Annual Reports and Reviews -- B: Reports, Background Studies, and Papers -- C: Workshop Proceedings and Brochures -- D: Series Publications -- III: Activities of the Science Council -- A: Documentation of Scientific Activities in Canada -- B: The Discussion of Science Policy -- C: Science and Industry Studies -- D: Urbanization and Population Studies -- E: Environmental Studies -- F: Northern Science and Technology Studies -- G: Energy Studies -- H: Computer Studies -- I: Biotechnology and Emerging Technology Studies -- IV: Council Sources of the Publications. , 2 THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Serial Publications -- B: Monograph Publications -- C: Research Journals -- III: Research and Activities of the National Research Council -- A: Basic Research of National or Regional Importance -- B: Research Pertaining to Social Objectives -- C: Research toward New Knowledge and New Applications of Science -- D: Research Carried Out through the Associate Committees -- IV: Activities toward Encouragement and Assistance to Research -- A: National Facilities -- B: Physical Standards of Measurement -- C: Assistance towards the Development of Canadian Industry -- D: Assistance to University Research -- V: Other Activities -- VI: Council Sources of the Publications -- 3 AGRICULTURE RESEARCH -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: General Departmental Publications -- B: Publications of the Research Establishments of the Department -- C: The Open Research Literature -- III: Research -- A: Soil Research -- B: Crops Research -- C: Animal Research -- D: Pest Control Research -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 4 WILDLIFE RESEARCH -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Canadian Wildlife Service -- B: Canadian Museum of Nature -- III: Wildlife Research -- A: Breeding Biology Research -- B: Hunting Research -- C: Mammal Research -- D: National Parks Research -- E: Wildlife Surveys -- F: Environmental Impact Studies -- G: Toxicology Research -- H: Birds as Hazards in the Environment -- I: Wetland Studies -- J: Other Studies (Canadian Museum of Nature) -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 5 FISHERIES RESEARCH -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Journal Literature -- B: Other Publications -- C: Unnumbered Publications -- III: Fisheries Research Activities in Canada. , A: Taxonomic and Biological Studies -- B: Distribution and Movement of Fish Stocks -- C: Dynamics of Fish Stocks -- D: Artificial Propagation of Fish, including Aquaculture -- E: The Study and Management of Marine Mammals -- F: Environmental Pollution Studies -- G: Fishing Gear for the Effective Harvesting of the Resource -- H: Handling and Storage of Fish -- I: Popularization of Canada's Marine Resources -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 6 FORESTRY RESEARCH -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Annual Reports -- B: Program Reviews -- C: Research Reports -- D: Miscellaneous Series -- E: Regional Information Reports -- F: Serial Publications -- III: Forestry Research -- A: Forest Insects and Diseases -- B: Forest Fire Research -- C: Forest Harvesting or Logging Research -- D: Forest Regeneration Research -- E: Pollution Research -- F: Forest Management Research -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- A: Federal Cumulations -- B: Regional Cumulations -- C: Research Institute Cumulations -- D: Subject Bibliographies -- 7 EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Geological Survey of Canada -- B: Mines Branch and CANMET Publications -- C: Earth Physics Branch Publications (now under the Continental Geoscience Division of the Geological Survey of Canada) -- D: Other Publications -- III: Earth Sciences Research -- A: Geochronology Techniques in the Service of Geology -- B: Geological Research in Canada -- C: Geochemical Techniques in the Service of Geology and Mining -- D: The Search for Economic Minerals in Canada -- E: Applied Mineral Research -- F: Geophysical Research and Geophysical Surveys -- G: The Canadian Geophysical Atlas -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 8 CLIMATE RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications. , A: Current Climate Data Publications -- B: Climatological Normals Data -- C: Climatic Atlas Canada -- D: Current Climatology Publication Series -- E: Technical Report Series -- F: The Unpublished Reports -- G: Solar Radiation Data -- H: Ozone Data -- I: Miscellaneous Publications -- III: Climatological Studies -- A: National and Regional Studies -- B: Mesoclimatology Studies -- C: Climate of Canadian Cities -- D: Specialized Climatological Studies -- E: Weather Phenomena Analysis -- IV: Climate Research -- A: Weather Forecasting Techniques and Evaluations -- B: Boundary-Layer Research -- V: Air Quality Research and Global Warming -- A: Air Quality Monitoring -- B: Methodologies -- C: Acid Rain Studies -- D: Air Pollution in the Arctic -- E: The Problems of Stratospheric and Surface Ozone -- F: Global Warming -- VI: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- 9 WATER RESEARCH AND SERVICES -- I: Historical Background -- II: Publications -- A: Data Collecting Periodicals -- B: Hydrographic Atlas of Canada -- C: Research and Report Series Publications -- D: Annual Reviews or Reports -- III: Water Research -- A: Hydrological Cycle -- B: Environmental Pollution Studies -- C: Oceanographic Studies -- IV: Departmental Sources of the Publications -- Appendix: Current Sources for Federal Government Publications -- I: Print Sources -- II: Databases -- III: Other Sources -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Intro -- GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND EFFECTS -- GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: IMPACT, MANAGEMENT AND EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE DETERMINATION OF POLICY LEGITIMACY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PEOPLE AND PLANET MATTERS -- CASE STUDY: THE COORONG AND LOWER LAKES WETLAND -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, BIOFUEL: SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOFUELS AND DEFORESTATION -- CROPPING PATTERNS (CONVENTIONAL, ORGANIC AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS) -- EFFECT OF BIOMASS COLLECTION ON SOIL CARBON/FERTILITY -- BIOFUELS AND FOOD PRICE -- DIETARY CHOICES AND HEALTH CONCERNS -- FOOD PACKAGING, SUPPLY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 WOODFUELS USE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURES' MATERIALIZATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL -- 2.1. Application of the Retscreen International Software -- 2.2. Parameters of the Energy Projects -- 2.3. Retscreen Software Characteristics -- 3. EVALUATION OF THE PROJECTS -- 3.1. Environmental Evaluation of the Projects -- 3.2. Financial Evaluation of the Projects -- 3.2.1. Financial Considerations of Energy Projects -- 3.2.2. Financial Outcomes of the Projects -- 4. THE GREEK AND THE WOODFUEL IMPORTS FROM THE NEARBY BALKAN COUNTRIES SCENARIOS -- 5. TWO DIFFERENT SCENARIOS PRESENTATION -- 5.1. Environmental Evaluation of the Scenarios -- 5.2. Financial Evaluation of the Scenarios -- 5.2.1. General Financial Consideration -- 5.2.2. Financial Evaluation of the Scenarios -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 EVALUATION OF THE ALGORITHMS USED IN CALPUFF MODEL FOR VISIBILITY IMPACT DUE TO INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION. , 1.1. Air Quality Trends in National Parks -- 1.2. Purpose -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 2.1. Input Data Compilation -- 2.2. Model Selection -- 2.2.1. CALMET Preprocessor -- 2.2.2. CALPUFF Model -- 2.2.3. CALPOST Postprocessor -- Old (Original ) IMPROVE Algorithm -- New IMPROVE Algorithm -- Sea Salt Term -- Organic Mass to Carbon Ratio -- Rayleigh Scattering Factor -- Split Component Extinction Efficiency Model -- NO2 Light Absorption Term -- 2.3. Evaluation of Results -- 2.3.1. Analysis of the Monitoring -- 2.3.2. Analysis of Model Results -- 2.3.3. Evaluation of Predicted Visibility Impact -- 2.3.4. 98th Percentile Method of Evaluation -- 3. INPUT DATABASE DEVELOPMENT -- 3.1.1. Facility Location and Relevant Class I Areas -- 3.2. The CALPUFF/CALMET Model Input Parameters -- 3.2.1. Modeling Domain -- 3.2.2. Receptor Network and Receptor Data -- 3.2.3. Emission Input Data -- 3.2.4. Pollutants Input Data -- 3.2.5. Meteorological Input Parameters -- 3.3. CALPOST Postprocessing Input Parameters -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Visibility Impact -- 4.2. Comparison of Visibility Results between Two Algorithms -- 5.3. Comparison of Visibility Values between Observed and Predicted Visibility Results -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 THE STATE OF AIR POLLUTION IN NORTH KOREA IN COMPARISON WITH SOUTH KOREA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY OF NORTH KOREA -- 3. THE STATE OF AIR POLLUTION IN NORTH KOREA -- 1) The State of Local Air Pollution in North Korea -- The State of Air Pollution of a Rural Area in North Korea: Geumho -- The State of Air Pollution of an Urban Area in North Korea: Pyongyang -- The State of Air Pollution of an Industrial Area in North Korea: Wonsan -- 2) Comparison of Ambient and Personal Exposure Levels of Air Pollution between Seoul and Pyongyang -- Ambient Air Qualities -- NO2 -- SO2. , Personal Exposure -- 3) The Estimation of the Air Pollutants Emissions in North Korea -- Air Pollutants Emissions in North Korea -- Air Pollutants Emissions in Pyongyang -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Articles in Journals -- Books -- Chapter 6 A DESCRIPTION OF ACCESS TO WATER IN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WATER SITUATION IN YUCATAN -- 3. ACCESS TO WATER IN YUCATAN -- 3.1. Types of Access to Water -- 3.2. Water Quality -- 3.3. Time Required for Access -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 HOW CAN ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING -- Environmental Management Accounting and Cost Assessments -- Environmental Financial Accounting -- Environmental Reporting -- Environmental Auditing -- Environmental Economics or Natural Resource Accounting -- THE POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- Identification of Issues -- Development of Environmental Policies -- Implementation of Environmental Policies -- Monitoring the Effects of Environmental Policies -- Reporting on the Effects of Environmental Policies -- Review of Environmental Policies -- HOW CAN THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES BE IMPROVED? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LAKE MIXING PATTERNS AND WATER QUALITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FACTS ABOUT LAKE TAHOE -- 3. METHODS -- 3.1. Lake Clarity model -- 3.2. Future 40-Year Scenario -- 3.3. Future Trends of Climatic Variables -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4.1. Future Trend of Climatic Variables -- 4.2. Lake Warming and Stability Change -- 4.3. Warming Trend in Other Lakes. , 4.4. Possible Effects on Lake due to Warming Trend -- CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 THE SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL ENVIRONMENTAL/ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO MANAGE POLICY IMPACTS AND EFFECTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 4.1. The STeM Approach structure -- 4.2. The Conceptual Base of the Model -- 4.3. Easier Hypothesis of the STeM Approach -- 4.3.1. How to Calculate the Development Limit in STeMA -- 2. METHODOLOGY FOR THE PLANNING AND PROJECT CHOICE -- 3. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES -- 4. CONCLUSION AND OPEN QUESTIONS: SOME REMARKS ON IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT -- REFERENCES -- ESPON 2006 PROGRAMME SOURCES -- Chapter 10 REVIEW OF CORNERSTONE PARAMETERS INFLUENCING FUTURE ENERGY POLICY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. VANISHING CHEAP RESOURCES -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. A Changing World Energy Resource Base -- 1.3. Effects of Global Economies -- 1.4. Conclusion -- 2. POTENTIAL INFLUENCES OF HYDROGEN GAS ON THE ENVIRONMENT -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Hydrogen in our Future -- 2.3. Impact of Hydrogen on the Ecosystem -- 2.4. "New" Renewables -- 2.5. Conclusion -- 3. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF GLOBAL WARMING AS A SCIENTIFIC FACT -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Human Impact on Global Warming -- 3.3. Conclusion -- 4. CO2 EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS DUE TO ELECTRICITY GENERATION BASED ON VARIOUS SOURCES -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Electricity Generation -- 4.3. Conclusion -- 5. SUMMARY AND OVERALL CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Intelligent Computing Systems -- 2 Semantic Tools -- Their Use for Knowledge Management in the Public Sector -- Abstract -- 1 Outlines -- 2 Introduction---Presentation of the Field of Interest -- 2.1 E-Government---The Opportunities Through the Semantic Web -- 2.2 Public Open Data for the Transition to `Open Government' -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Semantic Representation of Knowledge -- 4.1 The RDF Data Model -- 4.2 The URI's Use -- 4.3 RDF Schema Specification Language -- 4.4 Web Ontology Language---OWL -- 5 Reasoning Tools -- 5.1 SWRL Rules -- 5.2 The Query Language SQWRL -- 6 Presentation of Our Ontology Through Prot00E9g00E9 -- 6.1 The Ontology Development in Prot00E9g00E9 4.3 -- 6.2 The E-Government Ontology -- 6.2.1 Defining Classes -- 6.2.2 Defining Properties -- 6.3 The Use of RDF, RDFS, OWL and SWRL Through a Case Study -- 7 Data Mining Technology from Ontologies -- 7.1 SPARQL -- 7.2 SPARQL-DL in OWL2 Query Tab of Prot00E9g00E9 -- 7.3 DL Query Tool of Prot00E9g00E9 -- 8 Evaluation of Ontology -- 8.1 Categorization of the Ontology -- 8.2 Basic Principles of Design -- 8.3 Methodology of the Ontology Development -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 3 From Game Theory to Complexity, Emergence and Agent-Based Modeling in World Politics -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Game Theory in World Politics -- 2.1 A Game Theoretic Approach of Global Environmental Diplomacy -- 3 From Game Theory to Complexity -- 3.1 Emergence in World Politics -- 4 Simulating Complexity with Agent-Based Modeling -- 4.1 Agent-Based Modeling Research in World Politics -- 4.1.1 Political Applications of ABM -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- List of Software Resources -- 4 A Semantic Approach for Representing and Querying Business Processes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Semantic Web Techniques in Management Information Systems -- 2.1 What's Worth in Combining Management Information Systems with Semantic Web Technologies? -- 2.2 Process Models, Conceptual Models and Ontologies -- 2.3 Querying Business Process Models -- 2.4 Related Work -- 3 A BPMN Semantic Process Model -- 3.1 The Research Methodology -- 3.2 Developing Business Process Models -- 3.3 Developing the Ontology -- 3.3.1 The Scope of the BPMN Elements -- 3.3.2 The Scope of the Generic BPMN Alternative Models -- 3.3.3 The Scope of the Agent or Actor Participating in the Process -- 3.4 Validating the Ontology -- 4 Querying Conventional Databases and Semantic Models -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Using Conversational Knowledge Management as a Lens for Virtual Collaboration in the Course of Small Group Activities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work and Motivation -- 2.1 Conversational Patterns -- 2.2 Design Frames and Technologies for CK Management -- 2.3 Consolidation and Research Focus -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Samples and Analysis -- 3.2 Language-Action Models -- 4 Implementation -- 4.1 Transformable Document Templates -- 4.2 The Portlets -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Spatial Environments for m-Learning: Review and Potentials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 List of Resources -- 3 Classification Criteria -- 4 Exemplary Environments -- 5 Comparison -- 6 Results -- 7 Conclusions/Future Work -- References -- 7 Science Teachers' Metaphors of Digital Technologies and Social Media in Pedagogy in Finland and in Greece -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 Approaching Science -- 2.2 The Relationship Between Science and Digital Technology -- 3 The Study -- 3.1 Aims & -- Methods -- 3.2 The Context and the Participants -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Science as Way of Thinking. , 4.2 Science as Method -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Data Driven Monitoring of Energy Systems: Gaussian Process Kernel Machine for Fault Identification with Application to Boiling Water Reactors -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gaussian Process Kernel Machines -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Application to Monitoring Complex Energy Systems: The Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) Case -- 4.1 Problem Statement -- 4.2 Testing Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 A Framework to Assess the Behavior and Performance of a City Towards Energy Optimization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Policy Context -- 3 Current Relevant Initiatives -- 4 Description of the Framework -- 5 Municipal Building Level SCEAF -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 10 An Energy Management Platform for Smart Microgrids -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Smart Polygeneration Microgrid Pilot Plant -- 3 The Energy Management Platform -- 4 The Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions and Future Research Lines -- References -- List of Resources -- 11 Transit Journaling and Traffic Sensitive Routing for a Mixed Mode Public Transportation System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Limited Scope of Data -- 1.2 Formal Route Names Versus Informal Headsigns -- 1.3 Insufficient Stop Descriptions -- 1.4 Traffic Sensitivity in Routing/Trip Planning -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Crowdsourced Mapping and Real-time Tracking -- 2.2 Activity Detection -- 2.3 Trip Planning/Routing -- 2.3.1 Dijkstra's Algorithm -- 2.3.2 A* Search -- 2.3.3 Raptor -- 2.4 Trip Planning with Real-time Data -- 3 Methodology/Design -- 3.1 The Server/Back-End -- 3.1.1 GTFS Data Pre-processing -- 3.1.2 Server Design -- 3.1.3 The Modified RAPTOR Search Algorithm -- 3.2 The Mobile App -- 3.2.1 Search -- 3.2.2 Results/Journey Displays -- 3.2.3 Recording. , 3.2.4 Traffic Report -- 3.2.5 Results Display -- 3.2.6 Journey Display -- 3.2.7 Journal -- 3.2.8 Stop Editor -- 3.2.9 Route Editor -- 4 Tests and Results -- 4.1 Basic Routing Capacity -- 4.1.1 Survey -- 4.1.2 Demographics -- 4.1.3 Algorithm Evaluation -- 4.2 Traffic Sensitivity -- 4.3 Journey Recorder -- 5 Future Work -- 5.1 Base Estimate Correction -- 5.2 Preference-Weighing System -- 5.3 Traffic Flow Prediction -- 5.4 Further Evaluation of Mapping Ability -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Adaptation of Automatic Information Extraction Method for Environmental Heatmaps to U-Matrices of Self Organising Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 HInEx---Heatmap Information Extraction -- 3.1 The Idea -- 3.2 Heatmap Area Isolation -- 3.3 Clustering Image Pixels Based on Colors -- 3.4 Generating Tree Description -- 3.5 The Key Search and Its Analysis -- 3.6 The Axis Search and Their Analysis -- 3.7 Complete Heatmap Description -- 4 SOM Cluster Number Extraction Based on U-Matrix -- 4.1 The Idea of HInEx Application to SOM U-Matrix -- 4.2 Clustering -- 4.3 Extracting a U-Matrix Cell Corresponding to a Single Distance Between Neurons -- 4.4 Searching a Color Representing the Minimal Neuron Distance in SOM -- 4.5 Threshold-like Operation -- 4.6 Dilatation and Erosion-like Operations -- 4.7 Searching for the Number of Groups in SOM -- 5 SOM Generator Description -- 6 Experimental Study -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Evolutionary Computing and Genetic Algorithms: Paradigm Applications in 3D Printing Process Optimization -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolutionary Optimization -- 3 Determination of the Pareto-Optimal Build Orientations in Stereolithography -- 3.1 Orientation Selection in SL -- 3.2 Algorithm Configuration and Implementation -- 3.3 Build Orientation Case Study. , 4 Determination of the Optimum Packing Layout in Stereolithography Machine Workspace -- 4.1 Optimization Scheme -- 4.2 Packing Layout Construction Process -- 4.3 Packing Layout Case Studies -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 14 Car-Like Mobile Robot Navigation: A Survey -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 RRT-Based Methods -- 2.1 Unsafe Path Planning -- 2.2 Safe Path Planning -- 2.3 Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Algorithm on Rough Terrains (RRT-RT) -- 2.4 RRT Motion Planning Subsystem -- 2.5 Partial Motion Planning -- 2.6 Sensor-Based Random Tree (SRT) -- 2.7 RRT* Algorithm -- 2.8 Voronoi Fast Marching (VFM) and Fast Marching (FM2) -- 2.9 SBL Algorithm -- 2.10 Single-Query Motion Planning -- 2.11 Dynamic-Domain RRT -- 2.12 Transition-Based RRT -- 2.13 Parallelizing Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (RRT) Algorithm on Large-Scale Distributed-Memory Architectures -- 2.14 Obstacle Sensitive Cost Function for Navigating Car-Like Robots -- 3 Methods Based on Fuzzy Logic -- 3.1 Distributed Active-Vision Network-Space System -- 3.2 Internet-Based Smart Space Navigation Using Fuzzy-Neural Adaptive Control -- 4 Sensor-Based Methods -- 4.1 Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) -- 4.2 Generalized Voronoi Graph (GVG) Theory -- 4.3 Navigation in Dynamic Environments Using Trajectory Deformation -- 4.4 Probabilistic Velocity Obstacle (PVO) -- 5 SLAM-Based Methods -- 5.1 On-line Path Following -- 5.2 The CyCab: A Car-Like Robot Navigating Autonomously and Safely Among Pedestrians -- 5.3 V-Slam -- 5.4 SLAM-Based Turning Strategy in Restricted Environments -- 5.5 L-Slam -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- 6.1 Future Directions in Autonomous Robot Navigation and Obstacle Perception -- 6.2 Future Directions in Applications of Autonomously-Navigating Robots -- References -- 15 Computing a Similarity Coefficient for Mining Massive Data Sets -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Related Work.

Note: Intro -- Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments,Volume 2 -- Preface -- Letter from the Editorial Team -- Editorial Introduction -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Biodiversity Evolution and DataManagement -- 1 The Census of Antarctic Marine Life: The First Available Baseline for Antarctic Marine Biodiversity -- 1.1…History of the Project -- 1.1.1 The IPY Proposal -- 1.1.2 CAML Organization -- 1.1.3 CAML Scientific Targets -- 1.2…CAML Coordination Effort -- 1.2.1 CAML Main Expeditions -- 1.3…CAML Main Results -- 1.3.1 Distributional Records -- 1.3.2 Coordination with SCAR-MarBIN -- 1.3.3 DNA Barcoding -- 1.3.4 Published Results and Journal Special Issues -- 1.3.5 Workshop Organisation -- 1.4…The CAML Legacy -- 1.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- 2 Connecting Biodiversity Data During the IPY: The Path Towards e-Polar Science -- 2.1…IPY and the Need for Data Sharing -- 2.2…The Antarctic Biodiversity Data Ecosystem -- 2.3…Findings and Motivations -- 2.4…The Biodiversity Data Paper Concept -- 2.5…The Future: Towards True Integration -- 2.6…Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Evolution: A Molecular Perspective -- 3 Southern Ocean Evolution in a Global Context: A Molecular Viewpoint -- 3.1…A Brief Climatic, Oceanographic and Tectonic History of the Southern Ocean -- 3.2…The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a Barrier -- 3.3…Connectivity with Other Oceans -- 3.3.1 Southern Ocean: Source and Sink? -- 3.3.2 Difficulties in Dating Evolutionary Events to Relate Them to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 Cosmopolitan Species -- 3.3.4 Bipolar Species -- 3.4…Connectivity within the Southern Ocean -- 3.4.1 The Southern Ocean as a Biodiversity Hotspot -- 3.4.2 Cryptic Species -- 3.4.3 Eurybathy and Circumpolarity -- 3.5…Summary and Future Directions for Molecular Work -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 4 Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Protozoan Ciliates -- 4.1…Backgrounds -- 4.2…Ciliate Biodiversity at the Poles -- 4.3…Ciliate Mating Systems -- 4.4…Collection Sites and Polar Euplotes Species -- 4.5…Phylogenetic Relationships -- 4.6…Mating and Breeding Interactions -- 4.7…Preliminary Evidence of Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Nature -- 4.8…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Excess Oxygen in Polar Evolution: A Whole Organism Perspective -- 5.1…Living Conditions in Antarctic Marine Waters -- 5.2…A Unifying Concept: Oxygen and Capacity Limitation of Thermal Tolerance -- 5.3…Antarctic Challenges: Physiological Pathways of Adapting to Cold -- 5.3.1 Marine Crustaceans -- 5.3.2 At the Doorstep to Antarctica: Sub-Antarctic Stone Crabs -- 5.4…Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Catalysis and Protein Folding in Extreme Temperature Environments -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…The Thermophiles -- 6.2.1 The Stability Problem -- 6.2.2 Activity and Stability -- 6.2.3 Folding at High Temperature -- 6.2.3.1 GroEL/GroES -- 6.2.3.2 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE -- 6.2.3.3 The Trigger Factor -- 6.2.4 Partial Conclusion -- 6.3…The Psychrophiles -- 6.3.1 Enzyme Activity at Low Temperatures -- 6.3.2 Folding at Low Temperatures -- 6.4…Conclusions -- References -- Part III Monitoring and Management -- 7 Changing the Look on Seals from Pole to Pole with Satellite Technology -- 7.1…Satellites in Seal Research -- 7.2…Antarctic Seals -- 7.2.1 Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophagus) -- 7.2.2 Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii) -- 7.2.3 Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) -- 7.2.4 Spatial Segregation of Antarctic Phocid Seals -- 7.3…Arctic Seals -- 7.3.1 Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) -- 7.3.1.1 Greenland Sea -- 7.3.1.2 White Sea -- 7.3.2 Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) -- 7.4…Adaptations to Diving -- References. , 8 Environmental Processes, Biodiversity and Changes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Environmental Processes -- 8.2.1 Atmosphere -- 8.2.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 8.2.3 Marine Environment -- 8.2.3.1 Physical Setting -- 8.2.3.2 Hydrochemistry -- 8.2.3.3 Geophysics and Geochemistry -- 8.2.3.4 Marine Life -- 8.3…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Environmental Assessment of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…Study Area -- 9.3…Environmental Assessment -- 9.3.1 Atmospheric Environment -- 9.3.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 9.3.3 Marine Environment -- 9.4…Monitoring Strategy Proposal -- 9.4.1 Terrestrial Environment Indicators -- 9.4.2 Marine Environment Indicators -- 9.5…Final Considerations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Anthropogenic Impacts on Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Islands and the Adjacent Marine Environments -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Southern Ocean: Anthropogenic Pressures -- 10.2.1 Climate Change -- 10.2.2 Human Activity in Antarctica -- 10.2.3 Sealing, Whaling and Fisheries -- 10.2.4 Tourism -- 10.2.5 Invasive Species -- 10.2.6 Offshore Exploration, Military and Scientific Activities -- 10.3…Marine Environmental Management -- 10.4…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Polar Monitoring: Seabirds as Sentinels of Marine Ecosystems -- 11.1…The Global Importance of Polar Monitoring -- 11.2…Seabirds as Bio-Indicators -- 11.2.1 High Trophic Level Position -- 11.2.2 Diversity of Species and Food Web Interactions -- 11.2.3 Wide Sampling Range -- 11.2.4 Autonomous Environmental Samplers -- 11.3…Understanding Seabird Responses to Environmental Patterns Can Help Us Gauge the Adaptive Capacities to Future Climate Changes -- 11.3.1 Phenotypic Flexibility and Plasticity -- 11.3.1.1 Phenology -- 11.3.1.2 Foraging Strategies. , 11.3.1.3 Dispersal -- 11.3.2 Microevolutionary Processes -- 11.3.2.1 Selection -- 11.3.2.2 Genetic Drift -- 11.3.2.3 Genetic Flow -- 11.3.3 Integrating Phenotypic and Microevolutionary Approaches -- 11.4…Polar Life Observatories to Track Changes of Polar Ecosystems -- 11.4.1 What are Life Observatories? -- 11.4.1.1 Demographic Monitoring -- 11.4.1.2 Genetic Assessment and Monitoring -- 11.4.1.3 Bio-Monitoring Pollution -- 11.4.1.4 Foraging Monitoring -- 11.4.2 Innovative Technology Development and Ethics -- 11.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Conclusions -- Perspectives and Implications.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Activism! Toward a More Radical Science and Technology Education -- Navigating the Contemporary -- Building a Collection -- A Brief Overview of the Collection -- Framing a More Radical Approach to Science and Technology Education -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked in Relation to Contemporary Economic, Social, Ecological and Ma... -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked as Political Practice -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked to Support Learners as Subjects in Change and Not Objects of Ch... -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked as Moral and Ethical Praxis -- Partialities and Possibilities -- References -- Part I: Constituting Theories -- Preamble -- Chapter 2: The Elephant in the Room: Science Education, Neoliberalism and Resistance -- Opening -- Foucault´s Neoliberalism -- Occupy Wall Street: The Incessancy of Resistance -- Science Education, Neoliberalism and Activism/Resistance -- Not an Ending but a Beginning -- References -- Chapter 3: Science Education as a Site for Biopolitical Engagement and the Reworking of Subjectivities: Theoretical Considerat... -- A Context for Science Education -- Biopolitics and Biopower -- The ``Making of Subjects´´ -- Biopolitics and Subjectivities in Science Education -- Racisms, Colonialisms and the Power to Make Die -- Neoliberal Subjectivity -- Sex/Gender and Sexuality -- The ``Ethical Subject´´ in Science Education -- The Biosubject of Biotechnology -- Biopolitics as a Path Forward -- References -- Chapter 4: A Critical Pedagogy for STEM Education -- Introduction -- Global Capitalism -- STEM and Activism in Education -- STEM Education, Research and Practice -- A Critical Pedagogy for STEM Education -- Community and Revolution. , Theoretical Freestyle -- Analytical Freestyle in Science Education -- Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Becoming Part of the Solution: Learning about Activism, Learning through Activism, Learning from Activism -- Making the Case for an Action-Oriented Science Curriculum -- Building a Curriculum: Learning About the Issues -- Building a Curriculum: Learning to Care -- Engaging Emotions, Managing Emotions -- Building a Curriculum: Learning to Act -- Learning about, through and from Action -- Apprenticeship in Activism -- Further Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6: From Promoting the Techno-sciences to Activism - A Variety of Objectives Involved in the Teaching of SSIs -- Variation in Educational Objectives -- The Implications of the Educational Choices on SSIs -- Institutional Activism in Agricultural Education in France -- Scientific, Humanistic and Political Education -- References -- Chapter 7: Hopeful Practices: Activating and Enacting the Pedagogical and Political Potential in Crisis -- Science, Technology, and Society Education (STSE) -- Understanding and Learning from Crisis -- Learning from and Through Crisis: Opportunities -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Using Collaborative Inquiry to Better Understand Teaching and Learning -- Science Curricula as a Central Factor in the Reform of Science Education -- Chapter Overview -- Changing Faces of Research and Science Education -- Dealing with Difference in Research on Teaching and Learning -- Participants Doing Research to Understand and Improve Practice -- Listening to and Learning from Others´ Voices -- Learning to Teach from and with Others -- Searching for and Learning from Spikes in the Curve -- Authentic Inquiry as an Overarching Methodology -- Reflections on the Changing Faces of My Research Methodologies -- References. , Chapter 9: From Knowledge to Action? Re-embedding Science Learning Within the Planet´s Web -- Introduction -- Complex Problems and the Role of Science and Technology -- A Critical Role for Science Education -- The Outline of a Science for Sustainability -- Acquiring Consciousness of Limits -- Opening Up Towards Dialogue -- The Thinking of the `Others´ -- Enhancing Life Through Cultural Diversity -- Redefining Science Education? -- From Objective and Objectifying Knowledge to a Science of Relationships -- Dealing with Conflict -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Education for Sustainable Contraction as Appropriate Response to Global Heating -- The Heating Is Happening -- Denial and Cognitive Dissonance in Response to Global Heating -- Denial and Cognitive Dissonance in the Field of Education for Sustainable Development -- Education for Sustainable Contraction (ESC): Nailing Nine Propositions to the Laboratory Door -- References -- Chapter 11: Learning to Let Go of Sustainability -- Introduction -- Sustainability as Restoring -- The Paradox of Sustainable Development -- To Hold onto, or to Let Go? -- Sustainability as Returning -- Romanticizing the Return? -- Resisting the Return -- Complicating the Return -- Learning to Let Go of Sustainability -- Letting Go of Sustainability -- Remembering Forward as a Different Way of Being in the World -- Coda: The Glass Jar -- References -- Part II: The Public Sphere -- Preamble -- Chapter 12: Street Medicine as a Science Education for Activists -- Know Your Street Medics -- States of Emergency: Where Only Street Medics Dare to Tread -- Street Medicine and the State of Exception -- Street Medicine Is Education -- The Street and the School -- References -- Chapter 13: Why Science Education Mediates the Way We Eat -- Introduction -- Neoliberalism in Science Education, In Brief. , A Pocket of Resistance-Local and Organic Food -- Organic Farmers´ Market Culture -- A Responsibly Nurtured Organic Place -- Local Knowledge -- Interdisciplinary Knowledge -- Change and Adaptability -- Embodied Change and Positionality -- Environmental Condition -- A Market Creates a Relationship with Food -- A Critique of Neoliberalism -- Implications for School Science -- References -- Chapter 14: From-Within-the-Event: A Post-constructivist Perspective on Activism, Ethics, and Science Education -- Environmental Activism at Work -- Transforming the Practices in One Municipality -- Science Education as/for Participation in the Community -- The Morality of Community-Based Activism: Is It Something to Feel Good About? -- From Activism to the Eventness of Events -- Activism -- From-Within-the-Event or the Eventness of Events -- Activism and Ethics -- Classically Understood -- From-Within-the-Event -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: #OccupyTech -- The Rise of Internetworked Social Movements -- Prefigurative Politics and Technology -- Hacking the Technical Code -- The Repertoire of Electronic Contention -- OccupyTech -- Disruptive Technologies: Building Tools for Revolution -- Communications -- From Technology to Technique: Prefiguring Change -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Trajectories of Socioscientific Issues in News Media: Looking into the Future -- Introduction -- The ``Black Box´´ of News Media -- The Media and Presentations of Science -- Influence of Media -- Manipulations of the Media -- Commercial Interests of the Media -- The Competency and Practices of Journalists -- Prelude to a News Story -- The J-School Experience: Insights into Media Practices Reporting Science -- Modifiers and ``Verbs of Saying´´ -- Being the ``Instant Expert´´ -- The Reducibility of Complex Relationships -- Production of a News Story. , Demonstrating the Need for Science Journalist Experts in News Media -- Connections Between the SMCC Anecdote and the Radio Workshop -- Copy Story Modification -- Analysis of Copy Story Modifications -- The Media Making Sense of Science: A Case Study of Two Publications -- Conclusions and Implications About Science in the News Media -- Implications for Understanding Science from the News Media -- Looking at the Preparation of Journalists -- Implications of Using News Media in the Classroom for Studying Socioscientific Issues -- References -- Chapter 17: The Perils, Politics, and Promises of Activist Science -- Introduction -- The Perils of Activist Science -- Historical Lessons from Ecology -- A View from the Front Lines -- All Science Is Political, but Politics Are Complicated -- Activism and Power -- References -- Chapter 18: Passive No More -- Introduction -- Awakening Dissonance -- Activism for Inaction, a Complacency That Will Kill and Destroy -- Growing Up on an Overheated Planet -- The Neoliberal Activist Attack on Climate Science and the Environment -- Disclosing Power, the Courtiers to Climate Disaster -- Reinventing Participatory Democracy -- Developing a Skeptical Way of Reading the Media -- Whose Long-Term Interests Are Being Served? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Joining Up and Scaling Up: Analyzing Resistance to Canada´s ``Dirty Oil´´ -- Activism Against the Oilsands -- Aboriginal Activism -- Environmental Activism -- Religiously-Based Activism -- Labour Activism -- Growing the Movement (Horizontally and Vertically) -- Joining Up: Creating Coalitions Among Unlikely Allies -- Scaling Up: Crossing Borders -- Building Cross-Organizational, Cross-Border Consensus -- Assessing the Movement´s Strengths and Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Elementary and Secondary Education -- Preamble. , Chapter 20: We Got Involved and We Got to Fix It!: Action-Oriented School Science.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- Part IBuilding Forest Inventory Institutions -- 1 The Growing Mandate of Forest Inventories -- 1.1…Emerging Environmental Problems -- 1.2…The Road from Stockholm to Rio -- 1.3…Global Forest Resources Assessments During 2000--2010 -- 1.4…The Existing Capacity in the Tropical Regions -- 1.5…The Purpose and Organization of the Book -- 1.5.1 Purpose of the Book -- 1.5.2 Organization of the Book -- 1.5.3 The Information Sources -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 2 Forest Inventory Problem Formulation -- 2.1…Linking Forest Inventory with the Problem -- 2.2…The Changing Demand for Forest Inventory Information -- 2.3…Problem-Oriented Classification of Forest Inventories -- 2.4…Identification of Information Needs -- 2.5…Identification and Assessment of Environmental Functions of Forests -- Recommended Further Reading -- 3 Organizing Existing Information -- 3.1…The Role of Existing Information -- 3.2…The Existing Forest Inventories Data and Reports -- 3.3…The Existing Forest Research Data -- 3.4…National/International Libraries and Journals -- 3.5…Forest Dynamics Plots (FDP) -- 3.6…FAO FORIS: An Example of Organizing Country Data -- Recommended Further Reading -- 4 Technology Transfer and Applications -- 4.1…The Role of Technology in Forest Inventory -- 4.2…A Classification of Emerging Technologies -- 4.3…Strategy for Adopting New Technologies -- 4.3.1 Strengthening Core Competence -- 4.4…Special Considerations in Technology Applications -- 4.5…FAO Remote Sensing Surveys of Tropical Forests -- 4.5.1 Background -- 4.5.2 Methodology -- 4.5.3 Main Findings -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 5 Capacity Building in Planning and Forest Assessments -- 5.1…The Problem Formulation -- 5.2…Areas for Capacity Development in Forest Assessments. , 5.3…Integration of Planning with Forest Inventory: An Important Issue -- 5.3.1 Long-Term Forestry Planning (Strategic Forestry Planning) -- 5.3.2 Medium and Short-Term Forestry Planning (or Forest Management Planning) -- 5.4…Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Management: An Emerging Area -- 5.5…European Experience with Capacity Development -- 5.6…The Role of International/Regional Cooperation -- Geomatics Center of the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Hyderabad, India -- Recommended Further Reading -- Geomatics Center of the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Hyderabad, India (contd.)An Analysis of Causes for the Success: The subject is complex to analyze, but some of the contributory factors are briefly touched upon. Initially, FAO provided a vision for the GIS development, application and its institutional growth on a continuing basis including establishing a main center at Dullapalli, close to Hyderabad, and the vision of the three regional sub-centers by ecological zone. All these are real -- Part IIPractice of Forest Inventory -- 6 Statistical Planning -- 6.1…The Purpose of Statistical Planning -- 6.2…Role of the Forest Statistician -- 6.3…Main Steps in the Sample Survey Design -- 6.4…Some Commonly Used Designs for Forest Assessments -- 6.4.1 A Brief Description of Designs -- 6.5…Survey of Trees Outside Forests -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 The Formulation of Survey Objectives -- 6.5.3 Defining Survey Universe -- 6.5.4 Survey Methodology -- 6.5.5 Bangladesh National Inventory of Village Forests -- 6.5.6 Survey of Trees Outside Forests in India -- 6.5.7 Distance Method for Study of Discontinuous Vegetation of Andhra Pradesh, India -- 6.6…A Forest Inventory Planning Checklist -- Recommended Further Reading -- On Web -- 7 Special Studies -- 7.1…The Scope of Special Studies -- 7.2…The Planning of Special Studies -- 7.3…Development of Volume Equations. , 7.4…Biomass Functions -- 7.5…Non-Wood Forest Products -- 7.5.1 Fruit/Seed/Pulp Yield -- Recommended Further Reading -- 8 Data Collection -- 8.1…Classification of Data Sources -- 8.2…Field Plan and Logistics -- 8.3…Field Manual and Field Forms -- 8.4…Special Studies -- 8.5…Check-Crew Work -- 8.6…Computer-Assisted & -- !nbsp -- Editing & -- !nbsp -- and & -- !blank -- Data & -- !nbsp -- Archival & -- !nbsp -- Routines -- Recommended Further Reading -- 9 Data Processing -- 9.1…Roles of Data Processing -- 9.2…Data Processing Operations in a Forest Inventory -- 9.2.1 Phase I: Manual and Computer-Assisted Editing of Field Forms -- 9.2.2 Phase II: Development of Volume Functions -- 9.2.3 Phase III: Tree Volume Estimation and Plot Level Summaries for Error Calculation -- 9.2.4 Phase IV: Estimation of Means and Standard Errors -- 9.2.5 Phase V: Final Tabulations and Database Storage and Archival Routines -- 9.3…Some Strategic Data Processing Questions -- 9.4…Generalized Versus Tailor-Made EDP Systems -- 9.5…Case Study of FAO Forest Inventory Data Processing System (FIDAPS) -- 9.5.1 Output and Input Specifications -- 9.5.2 PC-FIDAPS documentation -- 9.5.3 Concluding Remarks -- 10 The Report Writing -- 10.1…General Comments on Reporting -- 10.2…Forest Inventory Problem Formulation -- 10.3…The Statistical Planning -- 10.3.1 The Sampling Design -- 10.3.2 Special Studies -- 10.4…Main Findings of the Survey -- 10.4.1 The Land Cover and Forest Changes -- 10.4.2 The Condition of the Forest Floor -- 10.4.3 Trees Outside Forests -- 10.4.4 Comparison with Other Forests in the District -- 10.4.5 Livelihood and Resource-Use Pattern -- 10.4.6 Fuelwood Gathering and Sal Leaf Plucking -- 10.5…Survey Evaluation and Recommendations -- Recommended Further Reading -- Part IIISouth-South Cooperation -- 11 Common Patterns of Spatial Variations in the Tropics. , 11.1…Similarities in Forest Formations Across the Continents -- 11.2…Macro-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for Stratification -- 11.3…Meso-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for the Sampling Design -- 11.4…Micro-Variation Patterns and Their Significance for Plot Size and Shape -- 11.5…Rain Forest Loss and Change -- Recommended Further Reading -- 12 Remote Sensing Applications in Forest Inventory -- 12.1…On Rapid Developments in Remote Sensing Technology -- 12.2…Lidar Potentials in Forest Inventory -- 12.3…Applications of Aerial Photographs in Forest Inventory -- 12.3.1 Complete Photo Interpretation -- 12.3.2 Point Photo Interpretation -- 12.4…Estimating Cost-Effectiveness of Remote Sensing -- 12.5…A Case Study of FSI State of Forest Report -- 12.5.1 Assessment Method -- 12.5.2 Accuracy Assessment -- Recommended Further Reading -- 13 Growth and Yield Studies -- 13.1…Special Growth and Yield Conditions in the Tropics -- 13.2…Growth and Yield of Tropical Plantations -- 13.2.1 Methods of Study -- 13.2.2 The Current State of Knowledge -- 13.3…Growth and Yield Research in the Temperate Zone -- 13.3.1 The Current Status -- 13.3.2 Forest Plantation's Development Modeling -- Increment and Volume Relation -- 13.4…Growth and Yield of Mixed Tropical Forests -- 13.5…Growth and Yield of Individual Trees -- 13.5.1 Methods of Research -- 13.5.2 Stump and Stem Analysis -- 13.5.3 Increment Borings -- 13.6…Applications of G& -- Y Research in Forest Management Planning -- 13.6.1 Hill Dipterocarp Forests of Malaysia -- 13.6.2 Mixed Tropical Forests, Indonesia -- Recommended Further Reading -- 14 Estimating Potential Productivity of Forests -- 14.1…The Need for Potential Productivity Estimation -- 14.2…Description of Climatic Indices -- 14.2.1 Paterson Climate--Vegetation--Productivity Index -- 14.2.2 Validation of Paterson Index for India. , 14.2.3 Weck Productivity Index (WPI) -- 14.2.4 Validation of Weck Productivity Indices -- 14.3…Recent Availability of Climatic Data for the Tropics -- 14.3.1 Temperature -- 14.3.2 Growing Season -- 14.3.3 Relative Humidity -- 14.3.4 Day Length -- 14.3.5 Precipitation -- 14.4…The Areas of Further Research on Forest--Climate Relation -- 14.4.1 Productivity Indices -- 14.4.2 Annual Growth Indices -- 14.4.3 Hardness Index -- 14.4.4 Suggestions for a Climatic Index -- 14.5…South--South Cooperation in Climate--Change Research -- Recommended Further Reading -- 15 Land Evaluation Techniques for Forestry Planning -- 15.1…The Purpose of Land Evaluation -- 15.2…Description of Land Evaluation Techniques -- 15.3…Applications of Land Evaluation Techniques in Forestry -- 15.4…Land Evaluation for Forestry Planning at the National Level -- 15.5…Land Evaluation for Forestry Planning at the District Level -- Recommended Further Reading -- Part IVInternational Dimensions of ForestResources Assessments -- 16 Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Functions of Forests -- 16.1…The Problem Formulation -- 16.2…Components of Cultural and Natural Ecosystems -- 16.3…The Ecosystem Dynamics -- 16.4…The Ecosystem Variables and Change Model -- 16.5…Example of a Study Using Ecosystem Approach -- Recommended Further Reading -- 17 Ecological Zoning and Assessments of Biological Diversity in the Tropics -- 17.1…The Need for Ecological Zoning -- 17.2…The Approach for Ecological Zoning -- 17.2.1 The Choice of Parameters -- 17.2.2 The Classification and Mapping of EFZ -- 17.2.3 The Validation Phase -- 17.3…The EFZ Map and the Database -- 17.4…The Tropical Forest Ecosystems Report 1992 -- 17.5…Biodiversity Loss Associated with Tropical Deforestation -- 17.5.1 Problem Formulation -- 17.5.2 Modeling of Biological Diversity Richness Loss: FRA1990 Approach. , 17.5.3 Species Area Relation by Ecological Zone.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction - Perspectives of Water Resources Management -- Abstract -- 1.1. Water and the Society -- 1.2. Availability of Water on the Earth -- 1.3. Hydrologic Cycle and Human Intervention -- 1.4. Global Climate Change and the Water Resource -- 1.5. Future Challenges of Water Resources Management -- Relevant Journals -- References -- Assessment of Water Resources -- Abstract -- 2.1. Estimation of Surface Water Resource -- 2.2. Investigation of Groundwater -- 2.2.1. Planning an Investigation -- 2.2.2. Steps Involved in a Site Investigation -- Field Reconnaissance -- Literature Search -- Determination of Data Requirement and Selection of Method -- 2.2.3. Approaches of Investigation -- 2.3. MechanicalApproach -- Drilling of Exploratory Bore Wells -- Avoiding Cross Contamination during Drilling -- Limitations -- Sampling Interval and Representation -- 2.4. Geo-PhysicalApproach -- Principle of Geophysical Approach -- 2.5. ElectricalMethod -- Principle of the Method -- 2.6. Electromagnetic Method -- Principle of the Method -- 2.7. Estimation of Groundwater Potential -- 2.7.1. Quantitative Estimation of Groundwater -- 2.7.2. Groundwater Availability for Pumping in Terms of Potential Recharge -- 2.7.3. Groundwater Availability in Terms of Safe Yield -- Determination of Specific Yield -- 2.7.4. Water Budget Approach -- Expression of Water Budget -- I-Input -- Estimation of Potential Recharge -- O-Output -- Surface Runoff -- Groundwater Discharge -- Evapotranspiration -- S - Storage -- Estimation of Absolute Change (Amount) -- 2.8. Groundwater Development Potential and Issues in Saline/Coastal Areas -- 2.9. Environmental Flow Assessment -- Building Block Method (BBM) -- Drift Method -- Relevant Journals -- Exercises -- Estimation of Groundwater Recharge -- Abstract -- 3.1. Concept, Purpose and Significance of Recharge Estimation. , Concept -- Purpose -- Significance -- 3.2. Relevant Terminologies -- Infiltration -- Percolation -- Seepage -- Actual Recharge -- Potential Recharge -- Direct/Diffuse Recharge -- Indirect Recharge -- Localized/Focused Recharge -- Artificial Recharge -- Natural Recharge -- Induced Recharge -- Base-Flow -- Darcy's Equation or Law -- Deep Drainage -- Drainage Basin -- Groundwater Basin -- Hydrologic Budget or Water Budget -- Piston Flow or Plug Flow -- Preferential Recharge -- Recharge Area -- Rejected Recharge -- Residence Time -- Residual -- 3.3. Sources and Mechanism of Recharge -- 3.4. Factors Affecting Recharge -- Soil Factor -- Topography -- Land-Surface and Vegetation -- Sub-Surface Geology -- Climate -- Rainfall Amount and Its Distribution -- Evaporative Demand of the Atmosphere -- Existence of Water Bodies or Streams -- Storage Capacity of the Aquifer -- Depth to Aquifer -- 3.5. GW Recharge-Discharge/Withdrawal Relationship and Sustainability Issues -- 3.6. Functional Form of Recharge and Limiting Conditions -- 3.6.1. Functional Form -- 3.6.2. Limiting Conditions -- 3.7. Recharge Estimation - Available Approaches and Methods -- Initiating Recharge Study/Preliminary Recharge Estimate -- Recharge Estimation Techniques -- 3.7.1. Water Budget (or Water Balance) Method -- Principle of the Method -- Boundaries Require -- Mathematical Formulation of Water Budget Equation -- Merits of Water Budget Method -- Demerits of Water Budget Method -- 3.7.2. Water-Table Fluctuation Method -- Principle of the Method -- Appropriateness/Suitability of the Method -- Assumptions -- Mathematical Formulation -- Limitations -- Merits of the Method -- Demerits of the Method -- 3.7.3. Lysimeter Method -- Measurement Procedure -- ET Measurement -- Limitations -- Merits of Lysimeter Method -- Demerits/Shortcomings -- 3.7.4. Seepage Meter Method -- Principle of the Method. , Detail Method -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.5. Field Plot Water Balance -- Principle -- Detail Method -- Merits of the Method -- Demerits -- 3.7.6. Soil-Water Balance Approach -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.7. Zero-Flux Plane -- Principle -- Methods -- In Absence of a Zero Flux Plane -- Limitations -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.8. Darcy's Law Approach -- 3.7.8.1. Darcy's Law Method for Unsaturated Zone -- Principle -- Method -- Suitability/Limitations -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.8.2. Darcy's Law Method for Saturated Zone -- Merits -- Demerits/Shortcomings -- 3.7.9. Base-Flow Discharge -- Principle of the Method -- Detail Method -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.10. Numerical Method -- 3.7.10.1. Numerical Method for Watershed modeling -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.10.2. Numerical Modeling for Unsaturated-Zone Studies -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.10.3. Numerical Model for Saturated-Unsaturated Flow -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11. Tracer Techniques -- Characteristics of an Ideal Tracer -- 3.7.11.1. Chemical Tracer -- Perspectives and Procedure -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11.2. Isotopic Tracer -- Stable Isotope -- Radioactive Isotope -- Detail Working Method -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11.3. Environmental Tracers -- Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) Approach -- Perspectives and Methods -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11.4. Historical Tracer -- Perspectives and Procedure -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11.5. Groundwater Dating -- Perspectives and Methods -- Age from 3H/3He Data -- Use of 14C for Groundwater Age -- Recharge Rate from GW Age -- Characteristics and Considerations -- Merits -- Demerits -- 3.7.11.6. Limitations/Restrictions of Using Tracer -- 3.7.11.7. Interpretation of Tracer Results -- 3.7.11.8. Merits of Tracer Techniques over Other Methods, and Concerns -- Merits -- Concerns -- 3.7.12. Empirical Method -- Anderson et al. (1992) Formula -- Chaturvedi Formula. , Kumar and Seethapathi Formula -- Merits of Empirical Methods -- Demerits -- Future Refinement -- 3.7.13. Application of Multiple Techniques -- 3.8. Recharge Estimation Related to Aquifer Vulnerability to Contamination -- 3.9. Choosing an Appropriate Method for Recharge Estimation -- 3.9.1. Factors to be Considered in Selecting a Recharge Estimation Method -- Aim or Objective of Recharge Estimation -- Required Accuracy of Recharge Estimate -- Geomorphology of the Target Area -- Climate -- Geology -- Source and Mechanism of Recharge -- Temporal and Spatial Scale Required -- Availability of Time and Money -- Limitations/Suitability of the Methods themselves -- 3.9.2. Optimization among Different Factors and Estimating Recharge -- 3.10. Developing a Conceptual Model of Recharge/Conceptualizing a Recharge Model -- 3.11. Challenges in Predictive Relations and Recharge Generalization -- 3.12. Geological Mapping of the Recharge Areas -- General Guidelines for Mapping Recharge Area -- 3.13. Methods for Estimating/Measuring Components of Water Budget Equation -- 3.13.1. Evapotranspiration -- Direct Measurement of ET by Lysimeter -- Indirect Method -- From Field Plot -- From Crop Coefficient -- 3.13.2. Surface Runoff -- From Crop Fields -- SCS Runoff Method -- Peak Runoff from Single Storm Event -- 3.14. Worked Out Problems -- Example 3.1 -- Solution -- Example 3.2 -- Solution -- Example 3.3 -- Solution -- Example 3.4 -- Solution -- Example 3.5 -- Solution -- Example 3.6 -- Solution -- Example 3.7 -- Solution -- Relevant Journals -- Questions/Exercise -- References -- Water-Well Construction and Well Hydraulics -- Abstract -- 4.1. Construction of Water-Well -- 4.1.1. Importance of Proper Design and Construction of Well -- 4.1.2. Types of Well -- Bored Wells -- Drilled Wells -- 4.1.3. Well Construction -- 4.1.3.1. Principal Activities in Well Construction. , Site Selection -- Drilling -- 4.1.3.2. Drilling Methods -- 4.1.3.3. Definition of Relevant Terminologies -- 4.2. Well Design -- 4.2.1. Design Elements and Design Considerations -- Well Depth -- Casing Size and Material Type -- Well Screen -- Slot Size Openings -- Screen Length, Pattern, Total Open Area, and Placement -- Screen Material -- Filter Material -- Casing Materials -- 4.2.2. Design Criteria and Procedure -- Diameter of Slot/SCREEN opening -- Screen Open Area -- Length of Screen -- Position of Screen -- Screen Material -- Hydraulic Criteria/Velocity of Water -- Diameter of Screen Pipe, Vertical Velocity -- Gravel Pack/Filter Material -- 4.3. Well Completion and Development -- 4.3.1. Well Completion -- Well Casing and Sealing -- The Annular Seal -- Annulus Seal -- Well Cap -- Filter Material -- 4.3.2. Well Development -- 4.3.3. Disinfection of Well -- 4.3.4. Economic Considerations -- 4.4. Well Hydraulics -- 4.4.1. Relevant Terminologies -- Specific Capacity -- Well Capacity or Yield -- Well Efficiency -- 4.4.2. Well Yield in Aquifer -- 4.4.2.1. Flow of Water to Well in Unconfined Aquifer -- Theim Equation -- 4.4.2.2. Flow of Water to Well in Confined AQUIFER -- Theis Equation -- Derivation of the Equation -- 4.5. Pumping Test/Well Yield Test and Determination of Aquifer Parameters -- 4.5.1. Relevant Terminologies -- Residual Drawdown -- Specific Capacity -- Well Efficiency -- 4.5.2. Perspectives of Pumping Test -- 4.5.3. General Assumptions in Pumping Test -- 4.5.4. Constant Rate Test -- Observation Wells -- 4.5.5. Step Wise Test -- 4.5.6. Analysis of Pump Test Data -- Theis Method -- Cooper-Jacob Method -- Time-Drawdown Approach -- Distance-Drawdown Approach -- Theis Recovery Approach -- Limitations -- Relevant Journals -- Questions/Exercises -- References -- Management of Water Resources -- Abstract. , 5.1. Concept of Water Resources Management.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Building the City of Kings: Environmental Consciousness and the Construction of Colonial Lima, Peru, 1535-1625 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Historiography -- Founding the City of Kings -- Urban Growth -- Building Materials -- Environmental Influences on Architecture and Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Articles in Journals -- Conference Proceedings -- Dissertations -- Books -- Edited Books -- Articles in Edited Books -- Electronic Media -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2 -- Makers of Waterscapes: Water Abundance, Discourses and the Market in the Ica and Pampas Basins, Peru -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Scarcity -- Water Scarcity, Development and Discourses -- Huancavelica and the Pampas Basin -- Water Conflict between Ica and Huancavelica and the State Intervention -- Making up Water Scarcity in Ica -- Ica's Discourse on Water Abundance in the Upper Basin -- Peasant Communities, Alpacas and the Market -- Ecosystem Management and Water Use in the Upstream Basin -- Discussion -- Annex N 1. -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 3 -- The Environmental Aspects of Bioenergy Production in Peru -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. A Global Perspective -- 1.2. Bioenergy Context in Peru -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Raw Materials -- 2.2. Processes Description -- 2.2.1. Biodiesel Production -- 2.2.2. Bioethanol Production -- 2.3. Simulation Approach -- 2.4. Environmental Assessment -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Biodiesel Production -- 3.2. Bioethanol Production -- 3.3. Environmental Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Paraguay's Dramatic Land-Use Change in the 20th Century: Concerning Massive Deforestation and Crawling Reforestation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of Deforestation -- 2.1. Eastern Paraguay -- 2.2. Western Paraguay. , 3. National Reserves -- 4. Reasons for Tree Planting -- 5. Reforestation Activities in a Historical Overview -- 5.1. National Efforts (1950s/80s) -- 5.2. Social Plantations (1980-Present) -- 5.3. Corporate Efforts (After 1995) -- 5.4. Out-Grower Schemes (After 2000) -- 5.5. Carbon Forestry (After 2007) -- 6. Main Constraints for Forest Plantations -- 6.1. Legal Insecurity -- 6.2. Centralization -- 6.3. Corruption -- 6.4. Political Will -- 6.5. Problems with Long-Term Loans -- 6.6. Weakness of Institutions -- 6.7. Investigation and Information Deficit -- 6.8. Producers' Attitude -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 5 -- Citizen Participation in the Local Governments of Paraguay through Social Networking Sites -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review, Hypotheses and Research Questions -- Political Ideology -- Citizens' Access to Internet -- Economic Capacity of the Municipality -- Social Networking Activity and Interactivity -- Education Level -- Method -- Phase 1: Sample Selection and Data Collection -- Phase 2: Descriptive Analysis of Citizens' Engagement via Facebook -- Phase 3: Empirical Analysis of Engagement via Facebook -- Results -- Level of Citizens' Engagement Via Local Governments' Facebook Pages in Paraguay -- Factors Influencing Citizens' Engagement Via Local Governments' Facebook Pages -- Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 6 -- Paraguay: Where Corruption and Poverty Hamper Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Poverty Permeates Through Paraguayan Families -- Caazapá Struggles with a Chronic Malnutrition Obstacle -- Empty Rhetoric on the War Against Poverty -- Tape Porã Concession: Example of a Broken System -- Grim Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Assessing Paraguay's Possible Futures -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Is Something Different Now? -- Assessing Possible Futures from Today's Perspective -- What Could be the Next Chapter of Paraguay's History? -- Factors Shaping a New Historical Period -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Index -- Blank Page.