Publication Date:
2017-04-04
Description:
Society’s needs for a network of in situ ocean observing systems cross many areas of earth and marine
science. Here we review the science themes that benefit from data supplied from ocean observatories.
Understanding from existing studies is fragmented to the extent that it lacks the coherent long-term
monitoring needed to address questions at the scales essential to understand climate change and
improve geo-hazard early warning. Data sets from the deep sea are particularly rare with long-term data
available from only a few locations worldwide. These science areas have impacts on societal health and
well-being and our awareness of ocean function in a shifting climate.
Substantial efforts are underway to realise a network of open-ocean observatories around European
Seas that will operate over multiple decades. Some systems are already collecting high-resolution data
from surface, water column, seafloor, and sub-seafloor sensors linked to shore by satellite or cable connection
in real or near-real time, along with samples and other data collected in a delayed mode. We
expect that such observatories will contribute to answering major ocean science questions including:
How can monitoring of factors such as seismic activity, pore fluid chemistry and pressure, and gas
hydrate stability improve seismic, slope failure, and tsunami warning? What aspects of physical oceanography,
biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystems will be most sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic
change? What are natural versus anthropogenic changes? Most fundamentally, how are marine processes
that occur at differing scales related?
The development of ocean observatories provides a substantial opportunity for ocean science to evolve
in Europe. Here we also describe some basic attributes of network design. Observatory networks provide the means to coordinate and integrate the collection of standardised data capable of bridging measurement
scales across a dispersed area in European Seas adding needed certainty to estimates of future oceanic
conditions. Observatory data can be analysed along with other data such as those from satellites,
drifting floats, autonomous underwater vehicles, model analysis, and the known distribution and abundances
of marine fauna in order to address some of the questions posed above. Standardised methods for
information management are also becoming established to ensure better accessibility and traceability of
these data sets and ultimately to increase their use for societal benefit. The connection of ocean observatory
effort into larger frameworks including the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) and
the Global Monitoring of Environment and Security (GMES) is integral to its success. It is in a greater integrated
framework that the full potential of the component systems will be realised.
Description:
Published
Description:
1-33
Description:
3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
Description:
JCR Journal
Description:
reserved
Keywords:
Seafloor and water columnobservatories
;
01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
;
01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics
;
01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
;
03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques
;
04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes
;
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology
;
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques
;
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
;
04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field
;
04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
;
04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
;
04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
;
04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
;
04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
;
04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
;
04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport
;
04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
;
04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
;
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
;
05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data
;
05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
;
05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
Repository Name:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Type:
article
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