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  • 1
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    Geoethics in Science Communication: The Relationship between Media and Geoscientists (2017)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: The themes addressed by geoethics are becoming central to all scientific debate. A growing number of scientists now consider geoethics as an effective tool to increase, in the scientific community and society as a whole, the awareness of local and global environmental problems that humanity faces. Geoethics deals with ethical, social and cultural aspects related to geosciences. Geoethics addresses fundamental issues such as the prudent and sustainable use of geo-resources, management of natural hazards, defence of geoheritage as a common value to be protected and enhanced. But above all, geoethics aims to raise, in the community of geoscientists, their awareness of responsibilities in conducting scientific and professional activity. In order to extend this awareness to the whole of civil society and also to foster the recognition of the usefulness of geosciences in daily life, geoscience communication should be recognized as a fundamental activity connected with scientific and professional work, since geoscience knowledge is a tool to contribute to the construction of social knowledge for human communities. But today what is the role played by geosciences in the scientific mass culture? Are the geosciences part of a collective “cultural heritage”? Do the publishing world and media offer adequate space to geosciences? Through the analysis of two Italian case studies, the authors highlight the critical features of the relationship between geoscientists and the media and try to suggest some actions that are useful to make the relationship between these two separate fields more functional, with the goal of bringing citizens closer to geosciences and increasing the awareness of the individual and collective responsibility towards the Earth.
    Description: IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics
    Description: Published
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; science communication ; media ; geoscientists ; web churnalism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Patterns of coral species richness and reef connectivity in Malaysia (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Much remains to be discovered about the biodiversity of coral reefs in Malaysia, making this area a priority for coral reef research. This thesis aims to provide insights into the patterns of reef coral species richness and the degree of reef connectivity across Malaysia. For the species richness study, the scleractinian coral families Fungiidae, Agariciidae and Euphylliidae were selected as model taxa. Species of these families have a wide geographical distribution in the Indo-Pacific, and they can be found in a large range of reef habitats, from shallow coastal reefs to deep offshore environments. The connectivity of reefs were inferred by examining the genetic population structures of three reef invertebrate species, the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis, the blue seastar Linckia laevigata, and the boring giant clam Tridacna crocea. Data on coral species and specimens of reef invertebrates were collected from reef areas along a geographical range from east to west Malaysia. Reef coral species richness patterns were revealed and indicated common and rare species, as well as potential endemics. Factors to explain the population structure and connectivity patterns across Malaysia are discussed. The findings in this thesis may be relevant for conservation and management of coral reef areas in Malaysia.
    Keywords: coral ; reef ; Malaysia ; Biodiversity ; Coral Triangle ; Population genetics ; Reef invertebrates ; Species distribution ; Scleractinia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Vertebral number is highly evolvable in salamanders and newts (family Salamandridae) and variably associated with climatic parameters (2015)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 84 no. 2, pp. 85-113
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: In vertebrates, the relative proportion of the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae is an important determinant of body shape. While among amphibians frogs and toads show low variation in vertebrae numbers, in salamanders the numbers of trunk and caudal vertebrae vary widely, giving rise to phenotypes in the range from short-bodied and long-tailed to long-bodied and short-tailed. We analysed vertebral numbers in the family Salamandridae in a phylogenetic context and calculated the relationship between vertebral changes and changes in climate and other environmental parameters. A significant association was found between morphological change with precipitation and temperature. However, annual precipitation affected the two main groups of salamandrid salamanders differently, with trunk elongation in the terrestrial \xe2\x80\x98true salamanders\xe2\x80\x99 and tail elongation in the more aquatic \xe2\x80\x98newts\xe2\x80\x99. A - male biased - sexual dimorphism was only observed in Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris in the number of trunk vertebrae and in Ommatotriton ophryticus and Lissotriton species for the number of caudal vertebrae. Our data indicated that the number of trunk and caudal vertebrae are highly evolvable traits with frequent evolutionary reversals. In some groups (e.g. Cynops, Lyciasalamandra, Neurergus and the Laotriton-Pachytriton-Paramesotriton clade) the number of trunk vertebrae is stable, while in many groups it is subject to change (e.g. Tylototriton). This latter, species-rich genus appears to be an excellent group to further test effects of the environment on body shape.
    Keywords: ancestral character states ; body shape ; climatic niche ; comparative method ; phylogeny ; vertebral column
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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  • 4
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    The Emerging Field of Geoethics (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: The geosciences need practitioners who possess an ethical conscience and the desire to act responsibly. Ethically responsible geoscientists will achieve success and satisfaction by carrying out excellent research and professional activities, and by maintaining honest and open collaborations with colleagues. Such individuals will be able to contribute to building a resilient society, be better prepared to face global economic and environmental challenges and be willing to take concrete actions for the conservation of the geo‐environment. Geoethics provides ethical, social, and cultural values for the scientific community and for society as a whole. Geoethics represents a new vision of a world in which it is possible to maintain a more balanced relationship between humans and nature, considering modern economic and social development expectations. This chapter illustrates some aspects of geoethics, provides an overview of its basic values and themes, and highlights prominent global issues that involve geoethics, including climate change, geo‐risks, land management, exploitation of geo‐resources, and sustainability. The International Association for Promoting Geoethics (IAPG) provides a multidisciplinary platform for discussion, a place where multidisciplinary collaboration can strengthen the development of geoethics from a scientific and philosophical perspective, in order to better introduce geoethical values into society.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-212
    Description: 4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: geoethics ; geoeducation ; geoscience communication ; georisks ; geo-resources ; research integrity ; geoethical promise ; professionalism ; responsibility ; society ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 05.08. Risk ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    Quaternary time scales for the Pontocaspian domain: Interbasinal connectivity and faunal evolution (2019)
    In:  Earth-Science Reviews vol. 188, pp. 1-40
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Pontocaspian (Black Sea - Caspian Sea) region has a very dynamic history of basin development and biotic evolution. The region is the remnant of a once vast Paratethys Sea. It contains some of the best Eurasian geological records of tectonic, climatic and paleoenvironmental change. The Pliocene-Quaternary co-evolution of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea is dominated by major changes in water (lake and sea) levels resulting in a pulsating system of connected and isolated basins. Understanding the history of the region, including the drivers of lake level and faunal evolution, is hampered by indistinct stratigraphic nomenclature and contradicting time constraints for regional sedimentary successions. In this paper we review and update the late Pliocene to Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Pontocaspian domain, focusing on the Black Sea Basin, Caspian Basin, Marmara Sea and the terrestrial environments surrounding these large, mostly endorheic lake-sea systems.
    Keywords: Back Sea ; Caspian Sea ; Parathethys Sea ; Pliocene ; Quaternary ; co-evolution ; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions ; Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 ; PRIDE ; Grant agreement no: 642973
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Differential impact of anthropogenic pressures on Caspian Sea ecoregions (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Over the past decades, overall ecological conditions in the Caspian Sea have deteriorated. However, a comprehensive understanding of lake-wide spatial differences in anthropogenic pressures is lacking and the biological consequences of human impacts are poorly understood. This paper therefore aims at assessing the individual and combined effects of critical anthropogenic pressures on the Caspian Sea ecoregions. First, cumulative pressure scores were calculated with a cumulative environmental assessment (CEA) analysis. Then, the individual contribution of anthropogenic pressures was quantified. Finally, ecoregion-specific differences were assessed. The analyses show that both cumulative and individual pressure scores are unevenly distributed across the Caspian Sea. The most important individual pressures are invasive species, chemical pollution and poaching. This uneven distribution of pressure scores across Caspian Sea ecoregions creates new challenges for future conservation strategies, as different ecoregions usually require different conservation measures. Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014, acronym: PRIDE, grant agreement No: 642973
    Keywords: Caspian Sea ; Cumulative environmental assessment ; Anthropogenic impact ; Ecoregions ; Endemic species ; Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Reframing Geoethics? (2019)
    Palgrave Pivot, Cham
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-19
    Description: Geoethics is an emerging and expanding field which is deepening its philosophical foundations and strengthening its interactions with other disciplines. Such expansion may be in tension with the need for geoethics to be a focused framework to support geoscientists in their work. There is also a risk of ‘geoethics’ being used as a catch-all term for reflection and research when considering human actions within the Earth system. The chapter reflects on how the scope of geoethics might be constrained. It suggests that geoethics might be framed as relating to the practices and values of any human agent as part of the Earth system, whereas the complementary notion of ‘geosophy’ could be used to refer to the broader considerations regarding human–Earth system interactions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-174
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: geoethics ; Earth system ; professional responsibilities ; anthropogenic global change ; geosophy ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 8
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    Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov.: a new cold-tolerant species of yeast isolated from bats (2018)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 41, pp. 56-70
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Malassezia is a genus of medically-important, lipid-dependent yeasts that live on the skin of warmblooded animals. The 17 described species have been documented primarily on humans and domestic animals, but few studies have examined Malassezia species associated with more diverse host groups such as wildlife. While investigating the skin mycobiota of healthy bats, we isolated a Malassezia sp. that exhibited only up to 92 % identity with other known species in the genus for the portion of the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region that could be confidently aligned. The Malassezia sp. was cultured from the skin of nine species of bats in the subfamily Myotinae; isolates originated from bats sampled in both the eastern and western United States. Physiological features and molecular characterisation at seven additional loci (D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, 18S rDNA, chitin synthase, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, \xce\xb2-tubulin, translation elongation factor EF-1\xce\xb1, and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7) indicated that all of the bat Malassezia isolates likely represented a single species distinct from other named taxa. Of particular note was the ability of the Malassezia sp. to grow over a broad range of temperatures (7\xe2\x80\x9340 \xc2\xb0C), with optimal growth occurring at 24 \xc2\xb0C. These thermal growth ranges, unique among the described Malassezia, may be an adaptation by the fungus to survive on bats during both the host\xe2\x80\x99s hibernation and active seasons. The combination of genetic and physiological differences provided compelling evidence that this lipid-dependent yeast represents a novel species described herein as Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov. Whole genome sequencing placed the new species as a basal member of the clade containing the species M. furfur, M. japonica, M. obtusa, and M. yamatoensis. The genetic and physiological uniqueness of Malassezia vespertilionis among its closest relatives may make it important in future research to better understand the evolution, life history, and pathogenicity of the Malassezia yeasts.
    Keywords: Chiroptera ; evolution ; hibernation ; Malassezia ; Myotis ; new species ; phylogeny
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Promoting Geoethics in Society: A New Challenge for Geoscientists (2015)
    American Geosciences Institute (AGI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Geoscience community is called to play an important role in society: helping in the defense against natural risks, orienting on global issues like climate change, looking for new ways to source natural resources from a sustainable perspective, building a knowledgeable society and help to improve the living conditions of human life especially in low income countries. This implies geoscientists are more aware of their social responsibility and capable of working by the principles of integrity, honesty with respect for land, water and air...
    Description: Published
    Description: 42-44
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geoethics ; IAPG ; Society ; Geoscientists ; Earth Sciences ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    White Paper on Responsible Mining (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Description: Responsible mining concerns the principles and ethics of sustainable development applied to the exploration for and exploitation and use of economic mineral resources, including the entire value chain, from studies, exploration, and extraction to processing, refining, waste management, mine closure and rehabilitation
    Description: IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics
    Description: Published
    Description: 1TR. Studi per le Georisorse
    Description: 3SR. AMBIENTE - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Keywords: geoethics ; responsible mining ; sustainable development ; geo-resources ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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