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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (15)
  • 2015-2019  (15)
  • 1
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    Projecting marine fish production and catch potential in Bangladesh in the 21st century under long-term environmental change and management scenarios
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1357-1369
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1357-1369
    Abstract: The fisheries sector is crucial to the Bangladeshi economy and wellbeing, accounting for 4.4% of national gross domestic product and 22.8% of agriculture sector production, and supplying ca. 60% of the national animal protein intake. Fish is vital to the 16 million Bangladeshis living near the coast, a number that has doubled since the 1980s. Here, we develop and apply tools to project the long-term productive capacity of Bangladesh marine fisheries under climate and fisheries management scenarios, based on downscaling a global climate model, using associated river flow and nutrient loading estimates, projecting high-resolution changes in physical and biochemical ocean properties, and eventually projecting fish production and catch potential under different fishing mortality targets. We place particular interest on Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), which accounts for ca. 11% of total catches, and Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), a low price fish that is the second highest catch in Bangladesh and is highly consumed by low-income communities. It is concluded that the impacts of climate change, under greenhouse emissions scenario A1B, are likely to reduce the potential fish production in the Bangladesh exclusive economic zone by & lt;10%. However, these impacts are larger for the two target species. Under sustainable management practices, we expect Hilsa shad catches to show a minor decline in potential catch by 2030 but a significant (25%) decline by 2060. However, if overexploitation is allowed, catches are projected to fall much further, by almost 95% by 2060, compared with the Business as Usual scenario for the start of the 21st century. For Bombay duck, potential catches by 2060 under sustainable scenarios will produce a decline of & lt;20% compared with current catches. The results demonstrate that management can mitigate or exacerbate the effects of climate change on ecosystem productivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv217
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
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    Beyond “not undermining”: possibilities for global cooperation to improve environmental protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2019-04-01), p. 452-456
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2019-04-01), p. 452-456
    Abstract: States have committed to “not undermine” relevant existing legal instruments, bodies, and frameworks in their negotiations over a new, legally binding instrument concerning biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). An agreed interpretation of “not undermine” will most likely be expressed through the institutional model adopted by this new instrument. Potential models should be evaluated in light of limitations on existing regional and sectoral ocean governance organizations, which may suggest governance gaps that the new instrument may fill. This article revisits the textual analysis of “not undermine” undertaken by Scanlon (2018) to explore its implications for the institutional models available to the new instrument. It reviews the practice of regional fishery management organizations as presented by Scanlon to identify areas where the new instrument might address persistent challenges. Finally, it suggests several potential models for the new instrument that might avoid “undermining” whereas improving governance outcomes in ABNJ. It concludes that a global institution with consultative links to existing organizations may provide the most logical means of implementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy192
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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  • 3
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    Environmental noise levels and noise annoyance in Novi Sad, 2012-2016
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  European Journal of Public Health Vol. 29, No. Supplement_4 ( 2019-11-01)
    Details
    In: European Journal of Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 29, No. Supplement_4 ( 2019-11-01)
    Abstract: Increased noise level represents a significant public health problem in urban environments. The aim of this paper is to examine the annoyance of the population by road traffic noise in the City of Novi Sad. Methods The results of 161 24-hour noise measurements in Novi Sad were analyzed. Measurements were done by Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, according to accredited and standardized national methodology during 2012 - 2016. Results Total noise indicator (Lden) / night noise indicator (Lnight) ranged from 61,1 dB / 50,7 dB in residential, up to 66,3 dB / 58,1 dB in recreation / hospital areas, 68,0 dB / 60,3 dB in city traffic areas and 70,2 dB / 62,7 dB in business and residential areas. Taking into account the results and using methodology prescribed by national regulations, the percentage of highly annoyed population (% HA) was found to be in the range 11-25% during the day, and 6-13% during the night. Using ISO 1996-1:2016, prevalence of a population highly annoyed (PHA) was established to be in the range 9,2-33,9% in residential; 18,4-45,7% in recreation / hospital areas 22,9-50,6 in city traffic; 27,7-55,4% in business and residential areas. Conclusions The results confirm that urban noise seriously disturbs people. It was established that about a half of the population was highly annoyed which poses a serious challenge for public health. The results have social, health and economic importance for the population. Activities to reduce the noise level could also stimulate economic, health, social and community programs for sustainable development aiming to preserve and improve human health. Acknowledgment: Supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia - Project “Biosensing Technologies and Global System for Continuous Research and Integrated Management”, No.43002 Key messages Continous noise monitoring is important for understanding the impact of noise on human health. About a half of the population was highly annoyed by noise, which poses a big challenge for public health in urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1101-1262 , 1464-360X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.256
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033525-8
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  • 4
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    Estimating spatial non-stationary environmental effects on the distribution of species: a case study from American lobster in the Gulf of Maine
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2018-07-01), p. 1473-1482
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 4 ( 2018-07-01), p. 1473-1482
    Abstract: Estimating spatial distribution of a species is traditionally achieved using global regression models with the assumption of spatial stationarity of relationships between species and environmental variables. However, species abundance and environmental variables are often spatially correlated and the strength of environmental effects may exhibit spatial non-stationarity on the species distribution. We applied local models, such as season-, sex-, and size-specific geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, on American lobster to explore non-stationary environmental effects on the presence and density of lobsters in the inshore Gulf of Maine (GOM). This species and its fishery have undergone a dramatic increase in abundance over the past two decades. Model results showed that the strength of the estimated relationships in the western GOM were different with the relationships in the eastern GOM during 2000–2014. Bottom water temperature had a more significant positive impact on the increase of lobsters in the eastern GOM, while the influence of temperature was less significant in the west and the more distinguishable drivers of distribution needed to be identified. The estimation of locally varied relationships can further improve regionally informed management plans. The modeling approach can be widely applied to many other species or study areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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  • 5
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    The art of “not undermining”: possibilities within existing architecture to improve environmental protections in areas beyond national jurisdiction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 405-416
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 405-416
    Abstract: United Nations General Assembly resolution 69/292 provides that in developing an internationally legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the process should “not undermine” relevant existing legal instruments and frameworks and relevant global, regional, and sectoral bodies. An analysis of the varied interpretations of this ambiguous expression and its surrounding language raises questions about the role envisaged for such existing architecture. This article considers the practice of regional fisheries management organizations as an illustration of the possibilities and potential for improved practices generated from within existing architecture. It reviews measures taken to protect biodiversity and innovative applications of international law that have improved the ability of RFMOs to take such environmental measures. It seeks to highlight the importance of avoiding too narrow an interpretation of the notion of “not undermining”, and of recognizing the potential in existing architecture when designing an improved regime for the protection of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx209
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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  • 6
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    Law Beyond Boundaries: innovative mechanisms for the integrated management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 402-404
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2018-01-01), p. 402-404
    Abstract: On 24 February 2017, a workshop entitled “Law Beyond Boundaries: innovative mechanisms for the integrated management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction” was held in Wollongong, Australia hosted by the Oceans and International Environmental Law Interest Group of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, in association with the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security at the University of Wollongong. The aim of the workshop was to address the question, how can international law be used in innovative ways to effectively conserve and sustainably manage marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ)? In this introduction, we briefly summarize five of the papers developed for the workshop, highlighting the way in which they address three important themes: the promise and limits of existing institutional mechanisms governing activities in ABNJ; interactions between established principles and regimes for ABNJ; and the lessons that can be drawn from existing global and regional approaches to ABNJ. We hope that the ideas developed in this article theme set will contribute to the ongoing discussions at the United Nations General Assembly, as the international community works toward the development of an international legally binding instrument to govern activities in ABNJ.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx242
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
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  • 7
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    43 Nutritional management for tropical-subtropical-adapted cattle receiving high-concentrate diets
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 33-34
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 33-34
    Abstract: Contemporary nutritional research investigates the effects of diet formulation and feeding strategies on animal performance and global sustainability under different climates. Functional nutrition models have incorporated the effects of heat stress on net energy for maintenance requirements, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk production when accounting for animal and the environmental factors. It is commonly assumed that growing Bos indicus breeds receiving feedlot-type diets in tropical and subtropical regions have exhibited lower maintenance energy requirements than Bos taurus breeds. However, the ability to predict supplies of energy, protein, and minerals available to meet animal requirements depends on the accuracy and consistency of feed composition values obtained through digestibility trials and chemical analyses. Empirical observations indicate that feedstuffs grown in high temperatures affect cell wall lignification and metabolic activity rates, requiring special procedures for digestion trials. Similarly, physiological adaptation mechanisms in cattle in response to heat stress conditions include evapotranspiration, sweating, and drooling. Heat stress studies have reported a correlation between reduced DMI and increased dry matter digestibility for all breeds of cattle exposed to temperatures that exceed the upper critical temperatures. For that reason, diet formulation with integrated mathematical nutrition modeling can account for nutrient and animal variability, to improve total digestible nutrient values. Furthermore, the water requirement is influenced by stage and type of production, activity, diet composition, feed intake and environmental temperature. Adjustments in management practices could potentially result in reduced production losses caused by thermal heat stress. The utilization of region-specific facilities that accommodate cattle and ensure the availability and quality of drinking water will improve overall animal health and production. Cattle receiving high-concentrate diets in tropical and subtropical regions require adjustments in management and nutrition to mitigate challenges induced by heat stress environments, but improvements are warranted for required energy and water for Bos indicus breeds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.066
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 8
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    203 How reproductive management technologies will shape the dairy industry 50 years from now
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_2 ( 2019-07-29), p. 117-118
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_2 ( 2019-07-29), p. 117-118
    Abstract: Globally, dairy consumption will increase several-fold over the next five decades as the human population expands beyond 10.5 billion people. Climate change will cause dramatic shifts in where dairy farms are located, particularly where availability of water becomes rate-limiting. Average size of dairy herds and production per cow will more than double worldwide, but number of dairy cows will decline. Greatest advances in use of technology will be in largest herds, but some technologies will jump from lower levels to higher levels, such as resistance to tropical diseases as climate warms. Sensors, automation and robotics will allow continuous monitoring and management of a farm’s animals and ecosystems. Time of ovulation will be detected automatically, and cows will be inseminated, or embryos transferred by robotic systems. Managing the epigenome to improve fertility and health will accelerate because cloud-based data, accessible through Blockchain systems, will provide ways of rapidly accessing temporal relationships between environmental events and biological responses. RNA-based technologies and novel complexes of microbes will replace many of today’s hormonal or therapeutic procedures. Several consecutive generations of breeding will be done routinely in vitro before selected generations of embryos are released for transfer. There will be distinct lines of cattle derived from global Holstein populations with genes from other breeds, and these lines will populate approximately five latitudinal regions globally. Major advances will be made in understanding why health and productivity differ among herds within common physiographic settings. We will learn how cows within a herd communicate, and our robots will communicate with cows in their herd. Milk and dairy products will be much more specialized, with greater emphasis on fatty acids, bio-active nutrients and amino-acid sequences in order to feed the global population most efficiently.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz122.208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 9
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    39 Reproductive challenges of cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 34-35
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 34-35
    Abstract: In the coming decades, tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including southern United States, southeast Asia, India, parts of Africa and Central and South America, will experience both the greatest increases in population and demands for beef. Potential for expansion of beef production in these areas is considerable due to abundance and low cost of forages that are a non-competitive food source for humans; however, research efforts must emphasize cattle efficiency to maximize sustainability of the cattle industry. Raising tropically adapted cattle in these regions present unique opportunities and challenges that differ from strategies used in production of the predominant B. taurus cattle common in temperate regions of the globe. Despite the physiological differences between B. taurus and B. indicus cattle including reproductive physiology, nutritional requirements, social behavior, digestive system, and body composition, strategies developed in B. taurus cattle are commonly used for B. indicus production. Hence, a fundamental step to meet the increasing global demand for protein while addressing environmental stewardship is to identify these physiological, social and nutrient requirement differences to develop, and disseminate management practices tailored to optimizing production efficiency of B. indicus-influenced cattle reared in subtropical/tropical regions of the planet. From a reproductive management perspective, tropically adapted cattle present several challenges including increased age at puberty, increased postpartum anestrous period and managed in an extensive system. Additionally, reproductive failures post pregnancy establishment are known to be greater in B. indicus cattle in tropical/subtropical regions, although the exact reasons for this outcome have not been identified and addressed. This talk will focus on recent research and strategies aimed at mitigating the impacts of reproductive inefficiency in tropically adapted cattle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.068
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 10
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    Modelling spatially dependent predation mortality of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock, and its implications for stock dynamics under future climate scenarios
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1330-1342
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1330-1342
    Abstract: Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) are an important predator of juvenile walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogramus) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf and have increased 3-fold in biomass from 1977 to 2014. Arrowtooth flounder avoid the summer “cold pool” (bottom water ≤2°C) and variability in cold pool size and location has affected their spatial overlap with juvenile walleye pollock. Developing a method to account for the relationship between climate change and pollock mortality can highlight ecosystem dynamics and contribute to better assessments for fisheries management. Consequently, spatially resolved predation mortality rates were estimated within an age-structured walleye pollock stock assessment population model (based on spatial information on diet and abundance from trawl surveys), along with the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on pollock recruitment. Projections of SST and cold pool area to 2050 were obtained (or statistically downscaled) from nine global climate models and used within an age-structure population model to project pollock abundance given estimated relationships between environmental variables and predator and prey spatial distributions, pollock recruitment, and maximum rate of arrowtooth flounder consumption. The climate projections show a wide range of variability but an overall trend of increasing SST and decreasing cold pool area. Projected pollock biomass decreased largely due to the negative effect of increased SST on pollock recruitment. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the decline in projected pollock biomass would be exacerbated if arrowtooth flounder increased their relative distribution in the EBS northwest middle shelf (an area of relatively high density of juvenile pollock) in warm years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsw040
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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