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  • Pensoft  (17)
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie  (12)
  • 2020-2024  (29)
  • 1990-1994
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  • 1
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    Plastic credits - financing the transition to the global circular economy : final assessment report on the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: The project "Plastic Credits - Financing the Transition to the Global Circular Economy" supports the implementation of a waste management structure in India's rural regions. By that it aims to improve the current waste collection and treatment structures in the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, and Kerala. Herein, the project focuses on low value plastics (LVP), and especially multi-layer plastics (MLP), that have no market value. In order to analyze the environmental impacts of the project, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted. The considered environmental components comprise: greenhouse gas emissions, usage of primary resources, impacts on marine and terrestrial wildlife, standard of living, and economic costs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The rise of the Functional Response in invasion science: a systematic review (2023)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Predicting which non-native species will negatively impact biodiversity is a longstanding research priority. The Functional Response (FR; resource use in relation to availability) is a classical ecological concept that has been increasingly applied to quantify, assess and compare ecological impacts of non-native species. Despite this recent growth, an overview of applications and knowledge gaps across relevant contexts is currently lacking. We conducted a systematic review using a combination of terms regarding FR and invasion science to synthesise scientific studies that apply the FR approach in the field and to suggest new areas where it could have valuable applications. Trends of publications using FR in invasion science and publications about FR in general were compared through the Activity Index. Data were extracted from papers to reveal temporal, bibliographic, and geographic trends, patterns in study attributes such as type of interaction and habitat investigated, taxonomic groups used, and context-dependencies assessed. In total, 120 papers were included in the review. We identified substantial unevenness in the reporting of FRs in invasion science, despite a rapidly growing number of studies. To date, research has been geographically skewed towards North America and Europe, as well as towards predator-prey interactions in freshwater habitats. Most studies have focused on a few species of invertebrates and fishes. Species origin, life stage, environmental temperature and habitat complexity were the most frequently considered context-dependencies. We conclude that while the FR approach has thus far been narrowly applied, it has broad potential application in invasion science and can be used to test major hypotheses in this research field. © Larissa Faria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Differential survival and feeding rates of three commonly traded gastropods across salinities (2024)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-09-03
    Description: Increasing rates of biological invasions pose major ecological and economic threats globally. The pet trade is one major invasion pathway, and environmental change could mediate the successful establishment and impact of these released or escaped non-native species (NNS). Salinity regime shifts are a pervasive but often overlooked environmental change in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the establishment and impact risks posed by three readily available, traded snail species - Melanoides tuberculata, , Tarebia granifera and Anentome helena - by assessing their survival and feeding responses across a spectrum of salinity levels (0.2-16 g/kg). Survival differed among the species, with M. tuberculata showing close to 100% survival across the salinity range, T. granifera exhibiting heightened mortality at 16 g/kg, and A. helena displaying no survival at salinities above 12 g/kg. In feeding experiments assessing the more resilient M. tuberculata and T. granifera, , the former had greater consumption rates towards both plant- (spinach) and animal-based (daphniid) resources. While salinity and density effects did not affect animal consumption, they both had significant effects on plant consumption, with feeding suppressed for both consumers under a salinity of 8 g/kg relative to freshwater conditions. When combining proportional survival and resource consumption for M. tuberculata and T. granifera, , M. tuberculata demonstrated higher impact potential towards both plant and animal resources, highlighting its potential to exert higher ecological impacts. Studies have overlooked the importance of salinity for invasion success and the impact of pet trade species. We therefore propose that these methods provide a screening tool to assess the potential risks of traded species establishing and exerting impacts, and we encourage future studies to account for a broader range of abiotic stressors.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    The energy transition in Colombia : current situation, projections, challenges, narratives and public policies - in relation to the energy transition in Germany (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: This Wuppertal Paper analyses the energy transition models of Colombia and Germany. The emphasis of the exercise is on an analysis of options for the complete decarbonization of the energy system in Colombia as a Global South country. To this end, it analyses the current situation, projections, public policy and narratives, and contrasts it with Germany as one of the countries of the Global North with which Colombia has historically maintained energy trade relations and is currently collaborating in the exploration of energy alternatives for decarbonization. Detailed analysis of sectoral energy consumption in Colombia shows the sectors with the highest fossil energy consumption (in this order): transport (fuels), industry (gas, coal), electricity generation (gas, coal) and residential (gas). We show the projected increase in demand for fuels and electricity, and calculate the amount of electricity theoretically needed to substitute fossil sources in each sector. We estimate the total electricity required for decarbonization via sector coupling and derive a first estimation of the range of additional renewable energy capacities needed to supply this demand. We find that required capacities are expectedly large (56-110 GW), depending on decarbonization pathways, and that export capacity beyond national demand may be limited. Our analysis of the policy and scenario arena in both countries finds that Colombia is still lacking both sector-specific decarbonization strategies and an embedding in a systemic vision of a systemic energy transition. Germany has more advanced sector strategies and (national) systemic visions, but lacks embedding assumptions on energy imports in a global-system analysis, i.e. in the analysis of an energy transition in potential exporting countries like Colombia. We formulate requirements to close these gaps in our conclusions.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Pathways towards a green economy in Egypt : analyzing decarbonization and resource efficiency pathways along value chains to support green private sector development in Egypt (2024)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In light of Egypt's transition to a green economy, this report focuses on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing resource efficiency along three different value chains in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role. In order to support SMEs in Egypt to take advantage of implementing greening options along value chains, more detailed analyses are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse three selected supply chains to identify greening opportunities for SMEs. Against this background, the project report is structured as follows: Chapter 2 introduces the background with an overview over the concept of green economy followed by Egypt's economy and its green economy. This is followed by a presentation of the value chains and an overview of the respective sectors. Chapter 3 describes the research approach, methods and data collection. The following chapters examine the three selected value chains cotton, sugar beet and refrigerators, including environmental hot spots, greening options as well as the experts' evaluation of those greening options. The report concludes with key recommendations in Chapter 7.
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Biological invasions in Singapore and Southeast Asia: data gaps fail to mask potentially massive economic costs (2021)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The impacts of invasive alien species are well-known and are categorised as a leading contributor to biodiversity loss globally. However, relatively little is known about the monetary costs incurred from invasions on national economies, hampering management responses. In this study, we used published data to describe the economic cost of invasions in Southeast Asia, with a focus on Singapore – a biodiversity-rich, tropical island city state with small size, high human density and high trade volume, three factors likely to increase invasions. In this country, as well as in others in Southeast Asia, cost data were scarce, with recorded costs available for only a small fraction of the species known to be invasive. Yet, the overall available economic costs to Singapore were estimated to be ~ US$ 1.72 billion in total since 1975 (after accounting for inflation), which is approximately one tenth of the total cost recorded in all of Southeast Asia (US$ 16.9 billion). These costs, in Singapore and Southeast Asia, were mostly linked to insects in the family Culicidae (principally Aedes spp.) and associated with damage, resource loss, healthcare and control-related spending. Projections for 11 additional species known to be invasive in Singapore, but with recorded costs only from abroad, amounted to an additional US$ 893.13 million, showing the potential huge gap between recorded and actual costs (cost records remain missing for over 90% of invasive species). No costs within the database for Singapore – or for other Southeast Asian countries – were exclusively associated with proactive management, highlighting that a shortage of reporting on the costs of invasions is mirrored by a lack of investment in management. Moreover, invasion cost entries in Singapore were under-reported relative to import levels, but total costs exceeded expectations, based on land area and population size, and to a greater extent than in other Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, the evaluation and reporting of economic costs of invasions need to be improved in this region to provide efficient data-based support for mitigation and management of their impacts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Digitalisation for a sustainable food system : opportunities for shaping production and consumption ; a study commissioned by Huawei Technologies Deutschland GmbH (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: The food system faces a multitude of challenges, including high greenhouse gas emissions, threats to biodiversity, increased diet-related diseases due to unbalanced diets, and socially problematic complex supply chains. This requires not only a transformation of the agricultural economy but also a change in the diet and lifestyles of all consumers. Developing and using digital and technological innovations can help to solve these challenges. In this context, the study provides impulses on how digitalisation can contribute to transforming production and consumption and which prerequisites have to be given to achieve this. The study describes the approaches for digitalisation along the value chain. These include optimising the use of resources in agriculture - for example with the help of smart farming - and supporting consumers with digital tools and assistance systems - such as apps designed to support grocery shopping. In addition, new business models and a better connection between production and consumption processes are also possible. This includes, for example, new digital sales channels or tracking and communicating sustainability indicators such as CO2 emissions across all steps of the value chain in order to enable all stakeholders to take reliable action.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Economic costs of invasive species in Germany (2021)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Invasive alien species are a well-known and pervasive threat to global biodiversity and human well-being. Despite substantial impacts of invasive alien species, quantitative syntheses of monetary costs incurred from invasions in national economies are often missing. As a consequence, adequate resource allocation for management responses to invasions has been inhibited, because cost-benefit analysis of management actions cannot be derived. To determine the economic cost of invasions in Germany, a Central European country with the 4th largest GDP in the world, we analysed published data collected from the first global assessment of economic costs of invasive alien species. Overall, economic costs were estimated at US$ 9.8 billion between 1960 and 2020, including US$ 8.9 billion in potential costs. The potential costs were mostly linked to extrapolated costs of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, the black cherry Prunus serotina and two mammals: the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus and the American mink Neovison vison. Observed costs were driven by a broad range of taxa and mostly associated with control-related spending and resource damages or losses. We identified a considerable increase in costs relative to previous estimates and through time. Importantly, of the 2,249 alien and 181 invasive species reported in Germany, only 28 species had recorded economic costs. Therefore, total quantifications of invasive species costs here should be seen as very conservative. Our findings highlight a distinct lack of information in the openly-accessible literature and governmental sources on invasion costs at the national level, masking the highly-probable existence of much greater costs of invasions in Germany. In addition, given that invasion rates are increasing, economic costs are expected to further increase. The evaluation and reporting of economic costs need to be improved in order to deliver a basis for effective mitigation and management of invasions on national and international economies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Economic costs of invasive alien species in Mexico (2021)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Invasive alien species (IAS) are a leading driver of biodiversity loss worldwide, and have negative impacts on human societies. In most countries, available data on monetary costs of IAS are scarce, while being crucial for developing efficient management. In this study, we use available data collected from the first global assessment of economic costs of IAS (InvaCost) to quantify and describe the economic cost of invasions in Mexico. This description was made across a range of taxonomic, sectoral and temporal variables, and allowed us to identify knowledge gaps within these areas. Overall, costs of invasions in Mexico were estimated at US$ 5.33 billion (i.e., 109) ($MXN 100.84 billion) during the period from 1992 to 2019. Biological invasion costs were split relatively evenly between aquatic (US$ 1.16 billion; $MXN 21.95 billion) and terrestrial (US$ 1.17 billion; $MXN 22.14 billion) invaders, but semi-aquatic taxa dominated (US$ 2.99 billion; $MXN 56.57 billion), with costs from damages to resources four times higher than those from management of IAS (US$ 4.29 billion vs. US$ 1.04 billion; $MXN 81.17 billion vs $MXN 19.68 billion). The agriculture sector incurred the highest costs (US$ 1.01 billion; $MXN 19.1 billion), followed by fisheries (US$ 517.24 million; $MXN 9.79 billion), whilst most other costs simultaneously impacted mixed or unspecified sectors. When defined, costs to Mexican natural protected areas were mostly associated with management actions in terrestrial environments, and were incurred through official authorities via monitoring, control or eradication. On natural protected islands, mainly mammals were managed (i.e. rodents, cats and goats), to a total of US$ 3.99 million, while feral cows, fishes and plants were mostly managed in protected mainland areas, amounting to US$ 1.11 million in total. Pterygoplichthys sp. and Eichhornia crassipes caused the greatest reported costs in unprotected aquatic ecosystems in Mexico, and Bemisia tabaci to terrestrial systems. Although reported damages from invasions appeared to be fluctuating through time in Mexico, management spending has been increasing. These estimates, albeit conservative, underline the monetary pressure that invasions put on the Mexican economy, calling for urgent actions alongside comprehensive cost reporting in national states such as Mexico.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    The influence of context-specific factors on the diffusion dynamics of onshore wind energy in Argentina (2024)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-25
    Description: This article aims to shed light on the contextual embeddedness of the diffusive dynamics of onshore wind energy in Argentina by employing the integrated MLP-TIS framework. Based on the methodology of constellation analysis, this paper analyses the various stages of development of onshore wind energy in Argentina since 1990. The objective is to investigate how exogenous dynamics have hindered or promoted the dissemination of wind energy in Argentina. Thereby, beyond the empirical findings, this study contributes to the growing body of sustainability transitions research. The results provide evidence of a variety of socio-technical niches across the five development phases of the focal TIS: pilot projects, self-generation by energy cooperatives, projects based on feed-in tariffs, state financed and operated wind farms, hydrogen production and compliance with legal requirements for large users. A key insight of this research is that the classification of the development phases of the technology trajectory in Argentina is particularly related to the effects of contextual factors. With the construction of South America's first wind farm in 1990, Argentina was the pioneer of wind energy in Latin America for almost a decade. This initial positive development was facilitated by a constellation of specific framework conditions: Stable exchange rates, liberalisation and privatisation of electricity markets, and subsequently wind energy as a business model for energy cooperatives. Moreover, since the 2000s, renewable energy has been perceived as part of the solution to the national energy crisis. However, the Argentine case also illustrates how, during later development phases, structural problems within the country, such as political instability or macroeconomic uncertainties, hampered access to international project finance and thus severely affected the further development of wind energy. Discontinuities in the basic orientation of the country's economic policy resulting from changes in government were identified as another relevant contextual factor.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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