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  • Articles  (96)
  • 2015-2019  (96)
  • 2016  (96)
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  • Articles  (96)
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  • 2015-2019  (96)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: A procedure was developed for preparing [ 18 F]-5-hydroxy-2-fluoro- L -thyrosine ([ 18 F]-fluoro- L -dihydroxyphenylalanine, [ 18 F]- L -DOPA) radiopharmaceutical on modified commercially available GE Tracer-LAB Fx F-E platform. This modification can be used for preparing both [ 18 F]- L -DOPA and any other radiopharmaceuticals by electrophilic radiofluorination. The procedure allows preparation of the product meeting all the requirements of European Pharmacopoeia (8th ed.) for clinical use with the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 20 ± 3% ( n = 3).
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: Gas-phase conversion of metallic U, Zr, and Al into water-soluble compounds in the NO x –H 2 O (vapor)–air and HNO 3 (vapor)–air atmospheres was studied. Monolithic U met and powdered Zr met undergo gasphase conversion to form water-soluble compounds (nitrates, hydroxynitrates), whereas monolithic Zr met remains unchanged. The degree of conversion of Al met into water-soluble compounds in the examined nitrating media at 25–150°С does not exceed 10%. The principal possibility of separating U from Al and Zr by gasphase conversion of monolithic samples in a nitrating atmosphere was demonstrated.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The behavior of Pu under the conditions of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) disposal in a reservoir bed was studied. The pH dependence of the Pu sorption is the same in the cases when the radionuclide is introduced together with the simulated LRW solution or after the precipitate formation. The composition and morphology of Fe,Cr-containing precipitates formed under the conditions simulating the radioactive waste disposal were determined. The solid phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition of the precipitates was determined in relation to the presence of acetate ions, Fe concentration in the solution, and storage time and temperature. The main phases formed are ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, and grimaldiite.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: Two new chromates of hexavalent uranium, [C 3 H 10 N][(UO 2 )(CrO 4 )(NO 3 )] ( 1 ) and [C 2 H 8 N] 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 · (CrO 4 ) 2 (Cr 2 O 7 )](H 2 O) 2 ( 2 ), were prepared by a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and isothermal evaporation. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, space group \(P\overline 1 \) ; a = 7.245(3), b = 7.329(3), c = 11.359(4) Å; α = 85.549(6)°, β = 82.547(6)°, γ = 80.174(6)° for 1 ; a = 7.2063(4), b = 11.5107(7), c = 16.0980(11) Å; α = 70.736(4)°, β = 80.246(4)°, γ = 71.759(4)° for 2. The structures were solved by the direct methods and refined to R 1 = 0.064 [for 1495 reflections with Fo 〉 4σ( Fo )] and 0.047 [for 4529 reflections with Fo 〉 4σ( Fo )] for 1 and 2 , respectively. The crystal structure of 1 is based on [(UO 2 )(CrO 4 )(NO 3 )] – chains between which the isopropylamine molecules are arranged. In the structure of 2 , the amine and H 2 O molecules are localized between the [(UO 2 ) 2 (CrO 4 ) 2 (Cr 2 O 7 )] 2– layers. The uranyl chromate complexes described are derived from [(UO 2 )(TO 4 )(H 2 O) n ] 0 chains (T = Cr 6+ , S 6+ , Se6+, n = 0–2). A brief review of uranyl compounds with tetrahedral TO 4 2– anions (T = Cr 6+ , S 6+ , Se 6+ ) and similar structural organization is given.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: Tricarbonate complexes of hexavalent U, Np, and Pu with outer-sphere cesium cations, Cs 4 AnO 2 ·(CO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O, were synthesized and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals of Cs 4 AnO 2 ·(CO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O consist of [AnO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ] 4– complex anions and hydrated Cs + cations. The coordination polyhedron (CP) of An(VI) atoms is a distorted hexagonal bipyramid with three CO 3 2– anions arranged in the equatorial plane. Four independent Cs+ cations have the coordination surrounding in the form of 11-, 10-, and 9-vertex polyhedra formed by the O atoms of CO 3 2– anions, AnO 2 2+ cations, and water molecules. Six crystallographically independent water molecules in the structure of Cs 4 AnO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O form a three-dimensional system of hydrogen bonds in which the O atoms of carbonate ions and water molecules act as proton acceptors. The “yl” oxygen atoms of AnO 2 2+ cations are not involved in hydrogen bonding. The lengths of the An–O carb bonds in the equator of the U, Np, and Pu hexagonal bipyramids are noticeably influenced by incorporation of the O atoms of the CO 3 2– anions in the coordination polyhedra of Cs + ions and by involvement of these atoms in hydrogen bonding.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The kinetics of 99 Мо sorption onto T-5 sorbent in the batch mode at different values of the stirring rate, temperature, and sorbent granule size was studied. All the experimental kinetic curves are described by a sum of two exponents. In the first time interval of phase contact, from 0 to 5–10 min, the sorption is controlled by external diffusion, and in the interval from 10 to 40 min the step of transformation of unsorbable Mo species into sorbable hydroxo species also becomes a rate-determining step (external kinetic control). In the final stage (time interval from 40 min to 2–3 h), the sorption occurs at the lowest rate, and the Mo diffusion in micropores and overcoming of electrostatic hindrance on the surface of titanium hydroxide pores become the most probable limiting steps. In sulfate solutions, the Mo sorption rate considerably decreases already in the first stage, and the external kinetic control becomes prevalent because of hindered redistribution of unsorbable sulfate complexes into sorbable hydroxo complexes. The controlling factor in the sulfate and nitrate solutions in the second stage is presumably the same.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The ability of new vinylpyridine anion exchangers of AXIONIT VPA series, produced by Axion—Rare and Noble Metals Joint-Stock Company (Russia), to take up Th from nitric acid solutions was studied. The static capacity of the sorbents for Th increases with increasing HNO 3 concentration in the initial solution and reaches a maximum at 7–8 M HNO 3 . The sorbed Th can be completely desorbed with dilute HNO 3 solutions. The stability of the sorption characteristics of the ion exchangers in multiple sorption–desorption cycles was evaluated. Vinylpyridine anion exchangers of AXIONIT VPA series well compete in the sorption and kinetic characteristics with VP-1Ap anion exchanger and can be successfully used for recovering Th and Pu from nitric acid solutions. Sorbents of the AXIONIT VPA series also take up copper and cobalt chloride complexes from hydrochloric acid solutions, which allows their use, e.g., for treatment of alkali metal chloride solutions to remove nonferrous metal impurities.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The kinetics of the transformation of Np(V) into Np(IV) in 0.1 M potassium biphthalate solutions containing 5–74 mM sodium 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetate (Na 2 CHDTA) or in a 96–97 mM Na 2 CHDTA solution at 25–45°С was studied. The reaction rate at Na 2 CHDTA concentrations in the range 5–60 mM and pH 3.5–5.9 is described by the equation V = k [Np(V)] 1.4 [CHDTA], and at Na 2 CHDTA concentrations in the range 70–100 mM and pH 4.1–5.2, by the equation V = k A [Np(V)] 1.4 . Neptunium(V) forms with the CHDTA ion an activated complex in which Np(V) is reduced to Np(IV). The dimer {Np(V)} 2 forming another activated complex with the CHDTA ion is formed concurrently. The latter complex decomposes along the disproportionation pathway to give Np(IV) and Np(VI). Np(VI) is reduced with the CHDTA ion to Np(V).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The extraction of 241 Am and 152 Eu from alkaline carbonate solutions with solutions of functionalized thiacalix[4]arenes in m -nitrobenzotrifluoride was studied. The dependence of the radionuclide distribution ratios and separation factors on pH of the aqueous phase in the interval from 10 to 13.5, kind of the organic diluent, and position and electronic characteristics of functional groups in the thiacalixarene platform was examined. The composition of the extractable solvates of Am and Eu with functionalized thiacalix[4]arenes was determined by slope analysis. The hydrolytic stability of tert -butylthiacalix[4]arene in alkaline and acid solutions was evaluated. Thiacalix[4]arenes efficiently extract Am from alkaline solutions. The bromine-substituted thiacalix[4]arene exhibits the maximal selectivity, with the Am/Eu separation factor in extraction with this agent exceeding 30.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-12-18
    Description: The efficiency of removing U and Th from a liquid organic scintillator based on linear alkylbenzene (LAB) by stripping with a 0.02 M aqueous solution of aminomethylenediphosphonic acid and by sorption on aluminum oxide and silica gel was studied. A procedure was developed for purification of scintillation additives (2,5-diphenyloxazole, 2-biphenyl-5-phenyloxazole, p-terphenyl) to remove 40 K.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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