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  • Articles  (131)
  • 2010-2014  (131)
  • 2011  (131)
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  • Articles  (131)
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  • 2010-2014  (131)
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  • 1
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    Cover Picture: J. Basic Microbiol. 6/2011 (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: NMR solution structure of the antifungal protein PAF (pdb code: 2kcn). (The figure was generated by Ádám Fizil and Gyula Batta, Debrecen, Hungary)
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
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  • 2
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    Editorial: J. Basic Microbiol. 6/2011 (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
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    Apa is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae responsible for autoagglutination and host cell adherence (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, and adherence to host cells is a key step in the pathogenic process. Although trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) were identified in many pathogenic bacteria in recent years, none in A. pleuropneumoniae have been characterized. In this study, we identified a TAA from A. pleuropneumoniae , Apa, and characterized the contribution of its amino acid residues to the adhesion process. Sequence analysis of the C-terminal amino acid residues of Apa revealed the presence of a putative translocator domain and six conserved HsfBD1-like or HsfBD2-like binding domains. Western blot analysis revealed that the 126 C-terminal amino acids of Apa could form trimeric molecules. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, one of these six domains (ApaBD3) was determined to mediate adherence to epithelial cells. Adherence assays and adherence inhibition assays using a recombinant E. coli- ApaBD3 strain which expressed ApaBD3 on the surface of E. coli confirmed that this domain was responsible for the adhesion activity. Moreover, cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that ApaBD3 mediated high-level adherence to epithelial cell lines. Intriguingly, autoagglutination was observed with the E. coli- ApaBD3 strain, and this phenomenon was dependent upon the association of the expressed ApaBD3 with the C-terminal translocator domain. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
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    Ultrastructural characteristics and variability of vegetative reproduction in Fellomyces penicillatus (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: The yeast strains VKM Y-2977 and VKM Y-2978, derived from the isolate Pa-202, were examined for their physiological properties and mycocin sensitivities and studied by light, phase-contrast, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells of the first strain produced long stalk-like conidiophores, whereas the cells of the second one had the appearance of a typical budding yeast under the light microscope. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of stalk-like conidiophores and long necks in VKM Y-2977, similar in appearance to Fellomyces fuzhouensis . The actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and nuclei were similar as well, but due to presence of a capsule, they were not clearly visible. The second isolate, VKM Y-2978, had very short stalk-like conidiophores, and the neck, microtubules and actin cables were shorter as well. The actin patches, actin cables, and microtubules were similar in VKM Y-2977 and VKM Y-2978 and not clearly visible. The physiological characteristics and mycocin sensitivity patterns, together with the microscopic structures and ultrastructures, led us to conclude that both strains belong to Fellomyces penicillatus , even though they differ in the lengths of their stalk-like conidiophores and necks. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 5
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    Proton pumping ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of two essential oil components (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: This work evaluates the antifungal activity of two essential oil components against 28 clinical isolates (17 sensitive, 11 resistant) and 3 standard laboratory strains of Candida . Growth of the organisms was significantly effected in both solid and liquid media at different test compound concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Isoeugenol (compound 1) against 31 strains of Candida ranged 100–250 μg/ml and those of o -methoxy cinnamaldehyde (compound 2) ranged 200–500 μg/ml, respectively. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that these compounds exert antifungal activity by targeting H + -ATPase located in the membranes of pathogenic Candida species. At their respective MIC 90 average inhibition of H + -efflux for standard, clinical and resistant isolates caused by compound 1 and compound 2 was 70%, 74%, 82% and 42%, 42% and 43%. Respective inhibition of H + -efflux by fluconazole (5 μg/ml) was 94%, 92% and 10%. Inhibition of H + -ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. SEM analysis of Candida cells showed cell membrane breakage and alterations in morphology. Haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
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    Isolation and characterization of an acrylamide-degrading yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 KCTC 11960BP (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: As well as for chemical and environmental reasons, acrylamide is widely used in many industrial applications. Due to its carcinogenicity and toxicity, its discharge into the environment causes adverse effects on humans and ecology alike. In this study, a novel acrylamide-degrading yeast has been isolated. The isolate was identified as Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 using ITS rRNA analysis. The results showed that the best carbon source for growth was glucose at 1.0% (w/v). The optimum acrylamide concentration, being a nitrogen source for cellular growth, was at 500 mg l –1 . The highest tolerable concentration of acrylamide was 1500 mg l –1 whereas growth was completely inhibited at 2000 mg l –1 . At 500 mg l –1 , the strain MBH completely degraded acrylamide on day 5. Acrylic acid as a metabolite was detected in the media. Strain MBH23 grew well between pH 6.0 and 8.0 and between 27 and 30 °C. Amides such as 2-chloroacetamide, methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acrylamide, acetamide, and propionamide supported growth. Toxic heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, and cadmium inhibited growth on acrylamide. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 7
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    Characterization of an anti-listerial enterocin from wheat silage based Enterococcus faecium (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: Two Enterococcus faecium and one E. faecalis strains isolated and identified from wheat silage were characterized based on plasmid content, hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteriocin production potential, and presence of enterocin structural genes ( entA , entB , entP , entL50B ). Among the isolates, only the E. faecium U7 strain exhibited bacteriocin activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). A combination of three structural genes ( entA , entB , and entP ) was detected in E. faecium U7. A relationship between the presence of enterocin structural genes, and bacteriocin activity was detected in E. faecium U7; therefore partially purified enterocin (PPE) was further investigated from the isolate. Several bands of different molecular weights were expressed from PPE extracts following tricine SDS-PAGE analysis. However, the only band showing bacteriocin activity was in an approximate 4-kDa region. PPE treatment with proteinase K, lysozyme, and α -amylase caused complete loss of bacteriocin activity. PPE heat treatment at various temperatures resulted in a notable reduction in bacteriocin expression. Enterocin U7 was relatively heat stable, and presumably exhibits a glucoprotein nature with distinct inhibitory properties. Specific bacterial inhibitory activity of enterocin U7, and the producer strain absence of β -hemolysis and vancomycin susceptibility features deserves further investigation to evaluate its potential application in silage inoculation and food preservation. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 8
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    Ergosterol from the soilborne fungus Ganoderma boninense (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: Ergosterol is the main component of the fungal membrane and is not found in plants or other microbial cells. Therefore, it can be a useful biomarker for the quantification of fungal biomass. We are now reporting the first isolation and characterisation of ergosterol from the mycelium of G. boninense . The ergosterol structure was detected by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and confirmed with Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
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    A novel technique to collect root exudates from mustard (Brassica juncea) (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: A very simple, novel, cost effective, easy to use technique has been developed for the collection of root exudates from small seeded plants, under laboratory conditions. 200–1000 μl micro tips (Tarsons), kept in 100 ml glass beakers, were used as holders for the small seeds of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea ) and the exudates were trapped in liquid culture medium. The exudates, so obtained, were authenticated and analyzed for organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids and organic acids, as well as chemotactic response towards rhizobacteria. Method was found to be suitable and easy to handle for small seeds. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
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    Optimization of different process variables for the production of an indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine from Metarhizium anisopliae (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-06
    Description: Swainsonine is a polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid having anticancer, antimetastatic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities and also potential therapeutic applications against AIDS. In the present study, ten isolates of M. anisopliae were screened and enzyme assayed for the production of swainsonine in different media (Complex oatmeal, Czapekdox media with and without lysine (8% w/v) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB)). Among these strains, ARSEF 1724 (UM8) was found to produce highest amount of swainsonine (1.34 μg/l) after 72 h of incubation under shake flask conditions at 180 rpm and 28 °C in complex oatmeal media. In order to maximize the yield of swainsonine the media composition including macro and micronutrients were optimized. The process variables including the chemical factors like carbon sources, nitrogen sources of both organic and inorganic nature and pH with constant inoculum size (1 × 10 8 spores/ml) were screened using classical one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach to find their optimum levels. The present study shows that the nutrient requirement is specific for each strain of Metarhizium . Oatmeal extract (6%) was found to be the best supporting media along with nitrogen source, glucose (2%) as best carbon source and pH (∼5) as the best for swainsonine production. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Topics: Biology
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