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  • Journals
  • Articles  (8)
  • Wiley  (7)
  • IUGG Secretariat, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
  • Oxford University Press (OUP)
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
  • 2020-2024  (8)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2024  (8)
  • 1
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    Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14816
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Keywords: community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18(4), ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1755-263X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Pathways towards a green economy in Egypt : analyzing decarbonization and resource efficiency pathways along value chains to support green private sector development in Egypt (2024)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In light of Egypt's transition to a green economy, this report focuses on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing resource efficiency along three different value chains in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role. In order to support SMEs in Egypt to take advantage of implementing greening options along value chains, more detailed analyses are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse three selected supply chains to identify greening opportunities for SMEs. Against this background, the project report is structured as follows: Chapter 2 introduces the background with an overview over the concept of green economy followed by Egypt's economy and its green economy. This is followed by a presentation of the value chains and an overview of the respective sectors. Chapter 3 describes the research approach, methods and data collection. The following chapters examine the three selected value chains cotton, sugar beet and refrigerators, including environmental hot spots, greening options as well as the experts' evaluation of those greening options. The report concludes with key recommendations in Chapter 7.
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 5
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    Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Wiley, 49(4), ISSN: 0721-3115
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship’s history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    A Third of Organic Carbon Is Mineral Bound in Permafrost Sediments Exposed by the World's Largest Thaw Slump, Batagay, Siberia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Wiley, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Organic carbon (OC) in permafrost interacts with the mineral fraction of soil and sediments, representing 〈 1% to ~80% of the total OC pool. Quantifying the nature and controls of mineral-OC interactions is therefore crucial for realistic assessments of permafrost-carbon-climate feedbacks, especially in ice-rich regions facing rapid thaw and the development of thermo-erosion landforms. Here, we analyzed sediment samples from the Batagay megaslump in East Siberia, and we present total element concentrations , mineralogy, and mineral-OC interactions in its different stratigraphic units. Our findings indicate that up to 34 ± 8% of the OC pool interacts with mineral surfaces or elements. Interglacial deposits exhibit enhanced OC-mineral interactions, where OC has undergone greater microbial transformation and has likely low degradability. We provide a first-order estimate of ~12,000 tons of OC mobilized annually downslope of the headwall (i.e., the approximate mass of 30 large aircrafts), with a maximum of 38% interacting with OC via complexation with metals or associations to poorly crystalline iron oxides. These data imply that over one-third of the OC exposed by the slump is not readily available for mineralization, potentially leading to prolonged OC residence time in soil and sediments under stable physicochemical conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Sustainability: We need to focus on overall system outcomes rather than simplistic targets (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3People and Nature, Wiley, ISSN: 2575-8314
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation. These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030. The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market-based decision pathways. But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively. Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Epizoic yellow sponge (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) expansion on living Scleractinian corals in Bintan, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Marine Ecology vol. 2024 no. e12796
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia are under threat due to changes in the environment driven by global climate change, along with local disturbances such as sedimentation and eutrophication. Consequently, comprehensive coral reef monitoring \nactivities have been initiated at numerous locations across Indonesia. In this study, the \nfindings from coral reef health surveys across 14 reef sites (within 40 hectares) in the \nBintan area (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia; 100\xe2\x80\x89km southeast of Singapore) revealed a \npotentially novel epizoic yellow sponge species (Phorbas sp.) that overgrows coral colonies. This species, tentatively classified as a new Phorbas sp. (order Poecilosclerida: \nfamily Hymedesmiidae), was identified through a combined approach employing classical taxonomic methods along with DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase \nI (COI) gene. At every site, three permanent 20-m transects were established to annually monitor live coral coverage and species composition between 2014 and 2017. \nThe survey indicated a notable change in the overall coral cover during this period. \nThe abundance of coral diseases was investigated in 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the \nprogress of Phorbas sp., was closely monitored (i.e., every second day for one week) \nat Bintan Island (site 11) during the dry season in August 2017. This approach aimed \nto approximate the relative impact of each incident on the coral\'s condition. The results indicated that the most comprehensive change occurred due to the overgrowth \nof Phorbas sp., which affected 12 scleractinian coral species across eight genera in \nalmost all sites except one. The abundance of this epizoic sponge infestation was \nhighest at Pulau Beralas Pasir (site 10), constituting 22.9% of all recorded life forms, \nand lowest at Pulau Pangkil-Besar (site 13), with only 0.7%. The expansion of the thin \nyellow sponge tissue was estimated to increase by up to 0.51\xe2\x80\x89\xc2\xb1\xe2\x80\x890.48\xe2\x80\x89cm2 \n per day on \nPorites coral.
    Keywords: coral disease ; coral health ; expansion progress ; novel sponge ; yellow band disease
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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