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  • Wiley  (6)
  • 2020-2024  (6)
  • 2020  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Edge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest management
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 281-292
    Abstract: Does the influence of forest edges on plant species richness and composition depend on forest management? Do forest specialists and generalists show contrasting patterns? Location Mesic, deciduous forests across Europe. Methods Vegetation surveys were performed in forests with three management types (unthinned, thinned 5–10 years ago and recently thinned) along a macroclimatic gradient from Italy to Norway. In each of 45 forests, we established five vegetation plots along a south‐facing edge‐to‐interior gradient ( n  = 225). Forest specialist, generalist and total species richness, as well as evenness and proportion of specialists, were tested as a function of the management type and distance to the edge while accounting for several environmental variables (e.g. landscape composition and soil characteristics). Magnitude and distance of edge influence were estimated for species richness per management type. Results Greatest total species richness was found in thinned forests. Edge influence on generalist plant species richness was contingent on the management type, with the smallest decrease in species richness from the edge‐to‐interior in unthinned forests. In addition, generalist richness increased with the proportion of forests in the surrounding landscape and decreased in forests dominated by tree species that cast more shade. Forest specialist species richness, however, was not affected by management type or distance to the edge, and only increased with pH and increasing proportion of forests in the landscape. Conclusions Forest thinning affects the plant community composition along edge‐to‐interior transects of European forests, with richness of forest specialists and generalists responding differently. Therefore, future studies should take the forest management into account when interpreting edge‐to‐interior because both modify the microclimate, soil processes and deposition of polluting aerosols. This interaction is key to predict the effects of global change on forest plants in landscapes characterized by the mosaic of forest patches and agricultural land that is typical for Europe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12844
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Managing soils for resolving the conflict between agriculture and nature: The hard talk
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  European Journal of Soil Science Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: European Journal of Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Among soil‐centric options for addressing global issues being intensely debated by soil scientists, ecologists and earth scientists regarding their effectiveness and applicability are: (a) harnessing soil carbon (C) sink capacity for adaptation and mitigation of climate change; (b) reducing soil erosion as a source of greenhouse gases and the need to include it in the global C budget; (c) enhancing use efficiency of inputs to agroecosystems and returning land, water and other resources back to nature; (d) using global drylands, saline culture, halomorphic plants and brackish water for provisioning of ecosystem services; and (e) adopting a system‐based conservation agriculture for eco‐intensification of agroecosystems as a strategy of “producing more from less”. Not only should agriculture be made a solution for addressing global issues, but it is also essential to reconciling the need for advancing food and nutritional security with the absolute necessity of enhancing the environment, restoring degraded soils and desertified ecosystems, and advancing Sustainable Development Goals or the Agenda 2030. Highlights Sustainable soil management, degraded soil restoration abridging agronomic yield gap and improving the environment are important to achieve world peace. Sustainable eco‐intensification of agro‐ecosystems reduces inputs and enhances use efficiency by restoring soil health. Harnessing soil carbon sink capacity includes reducing accelerated soil erosion for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. System‐based conservation agriculture sustains agronomic productivity and minimizes soil degradation and environmental pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0754 , 1365-2389
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.v71.1
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12857
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240830-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020243-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1191614-X
    SSG: 13
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Science to inform policy: Linking population dynamics to habitat for a threatened species in Canada
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1314-1327
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1314-1327
    Abstract: Boreal forests provide numerous ecological services, including the ability to store large amounts of carbon, and are of significance to global biodiversity. Increases in industrial activities in boreal landscapes since the mid‐20th century have added to concerns over biodiversity loss and climate change. Boreal forests are home to dwindling populations of boreal caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada, a species at risk that requires large, undisturbed landscapes for persistence. In 2012, the Canadian government defined critical habitat for boreal caribou by relating calf recruitment to disturbances. Some have questioned whether the recruitment relationship can be extrapolated beyond the environmental conditions represented in the analysis. We examined the effects of human disturbances and fire (alone and in combination) on variation in recruitment and adult female survival using data from 58 study areas in Canada. Top models were used in aspatial scenarios of landscape change to evaluate the efficacy of the critical habitat definition in achieving the recovery objectives for boreal caribou in two contrasting landscapes: Little Smoky, dominated by high levels of human disturbances, and the northern boreal shield of Saskatchewan (SK1), dominated by fire. The top recruitment model suggested the negative effect of fire was three to four times smaller than human disturbances. The top adult female survival model included human disturbances only. These results re‐affirm that human disturbances are the primary factor contributing to boreal caribou declines. Our aspatial scenarios suggested that undisturbed habitat would have to increase to ≥68% for Little Smoky to maintain a self‐sustaining population of boreal caribou with some degree of certainty. In contrast, the SK1 population was self‐sustaining with 40% undisturbed habitat when fire disturbance predominates, but could become vulnerable with increases in human disturbances (8%–9%). Policy implications . Boreal caribou are listed as threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Our results suggest that the 65% undisturbed critical habitat designation in Canada's boreal caribou Recovery Strategy may serve as a reasonable proxy for achieving self‐sustaining populations of boreal caribou in landscapes dominated by human disturbances. However, some populations may be less or more vulnerable, as illustrated by the scenarios in a landscape dominated by fire (SK1). Continued population monitoring will be essential to assessing the effectiveness of land management strategies developed for boreal caribou recovery, especially with climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.7
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13637
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Additive influences of soil and climate gradients drive tree community composition of Central African rain forests
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1154-1167
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 1154-1167
    Abstract: Examining tree species–environment association can offer insight into the drivers of vegetation patterns and key information of practical relevance to forest management. Here, we aim to quantify the contribution of climate and soil gradients to variation in Central African tree species composition (abundance and occurrence). Location Tropical rain forests of southern and eastern Cameroon. Methods We established 82 1‐ha permanent plots across seven localities and censused all trees ≥10 cm in diameter, representing a total of 37,733 trees and 455 species. In 60 of those plots, we measured 10 soil variables describing texture and nutrients levels and extracted 10 bioclimatic variables from global‐gridded climate databases. We synthesized the main environmental gradients by conducting principal component analyses on climate and soil data, respectively. We performed unconstrained and constrained non‐symmetric correspondence analyses to account for the individual and joint contributions of climate and soil on species abundance and occurrence. Results Climate and soil contributed similarly to variances of species abundance and occurrence (12–15% variance for climate vs 11–12% variance for soil). Climate influence mostly concerns some abundant species, while some of the less abundant species were mainly driven by soil. Fractions of species variances accounted for by climate and soil show strong correlation when assessed from species occurrence and abundance data. Conclusion Variation in occurrence and abundance of tropical forest trees can be partly shaped by both climate and soil gradients in Cameroon, which emphasizes the importance to jointly consider soil and climate in species distribution modeling. Less abundant species may express environmental influence differently than abundant species and convey complementary information about community assemblage. Though showing congruent patterns here, species abundance and occurrence reflect different interacting community processes and both should be examined to better understand vegetation patterns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v31.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12918
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A brief account of the genesis of 4R nutrient stewardship
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 112, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 4511-4518
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 112, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 4511-4518
    Abstract: In the last decade, awareness and use of the concept of 4R Nutrient Stewardship (4RNS) has increased dramatically among practitioners and researchers focused on nutrient management. The term “4R” refers to use of the right source, right rate, right time, and right place in nutrient management. These four factors have been recognized as the major pillars of nutrient best management practices for at least 30 yr. However, the framework of 4RNS (which embeds the 4Rs in a cropping system and landscape that supports the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability) is a recent development. The global framework evolved through multiple versions over the last decade in a multi‐sector collaborative effort to create a science‐based concept to guide all involved in nutrient management practice, research, and communication. However, evidence‐based 4RNS largely remains under development as measured datasets supporting simultaneous effects of sets of practices on performance indicators of sustainability are in short supply. Indicators include categories such as farmland productivity, soil health, nutrient use efficiency, water quality, air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, food and nutrition security, biodiversity, and economic value. Such collaborative, multidisciplinary research is underway and is intended to foster continued evolution of our understanding of what is “right” for specific sets of conditions. Progress has occurred in recognition of the shared goals of public and private sectors and the value of true collaboration in advancing science‐based nutrient stewardship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/agj2.v112.5
    DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nutrient control in water bodies: A systems approach
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 49, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 517-533
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 49, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 517-533
    Abstract: Nutrient pollution is considered a wicked problem because of its many significant economic, social, and environmental impacts that are caused by multiple pollutants originating from a variety of sources and pathways that exist across different temporal and spatial scales. Further adding to the difficulty in managing nutrient pollution is that it is a global, rural, and urban problem. A systems approach can improve nutrient management by incorporating technological, environmental, and societal considerations. This approach can consider valuation of monetized and nonmonetized co‐benefits and the inherent consequences that make up a nutrient management program. In this introduction to a special collection of papers on nutrient pollution, we describe several systems frameworks that can be used to support nutrient management and evaluation of system performance as it relates to impacts, then highlight several attributes and barriers of nutrient management that point to the need for a systems framework, and conclude with thoughts on implementing systems approaches to nutrient management with effective community engagement and use of new technologies. This special collection presents results from a USEPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) initiative to advance solutions to nutrient pollution through innovative and sustainable research and demonstration projects for nutrient management based on a systems approach. These studies evaluate several promising nutrient control technologies for stormwater or domestic wastewater, investigate the effects of agricultural conservation practices and stream restoration strategies on nutrient loads, and discuss several challenges and opportunities—social, policy, institutional, and financial considerations—that can accelerate adoption of reliable technologies to achieve system‐level outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2425 , 1537-2537
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.v49.3
    DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120525-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050469-X
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