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  • ddc:380  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology  (1)
  • 04.08. Volcanology  (1)
  • ASFA_2015::A::Archives
  • The Netherlands
  • evolution
  • forest
  • 2020-2022  (3)
  • 2015-2019  (3)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 2020  (3)
  • 2015  (3)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Considerable efficiency gains can be made costeffectively to set the transport sector on a sustainable development pathway. They can be achieved through already available technologies and practices, which will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly, but also generate social, environmental and economic co-benefits. However, progress in the take-up of low-carbon mobility measures substantially lags behind the potential. A number of barriers contribute to this lack of uptake. This paper explores those barriers by focusing on vehicle fuel efficiency in particular, but will also touch on the wider policy framework to improve the efficiency of the transport sector and reduce emissions. The paper suggests that a combination of fuel pricing, differentiated vehicle taxation, vehicle standards and the provision of modal choice are necessary to minimise rebound effects and significantly curb transport sector greenhouse gas emissions at low- or even negative cost.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Basaltic volcanoes represent a very large portion of active volcanism and exhibit a wide variability in their eruptive style. The basaltic eruptive activity in fact shows either a purely effusive behavior or an explosive character, which can, rarely, also turn into violent Plinian eruptions. The most characteristic explosive activities of basaltic magmatism are represented by Strombolian eruptions and lava fountains. The study of the relationship that exists between the pre-eruptive dynamics (e.g. fractional crystallization, mixing, degassing), the chemicalphysical variations of the magma in the volcanic feeding system and the related outcomes (in terms of eruptive style and geophysical markers) at the surface has been, in the last decades, reason of numerous studies. Nonetheless, the complexity of the volcanic system and its inaccessibility to direct observations still makes it difficult to reconstruct the dynamics of the magmatic system, basing on surface observations of the eruptive activity. A challenging objective of modern volcanology is to quantitatively characterize eruptive/degassing regimes from geophysical signals (in particular seismic and infrasonic), for both research and monitoring purposes. The outcomes of the attempts made so far are still considered very uncertain because volcanoes remain inaccessible when deriving quantitative information on crucial parameters such as plumbing system geometry and magma viscosity. Therefore the realization of laboratory made by several devices, capable to scale and reproduce in a controlled way the degassing dynamics of volcanic systems and measure the relative elastic markers (seismic and acoustic), is an indispensable tool to identify reliable quantitative relationships between the geophysical signals and the related eruptive and outgassing parameters. With the Aeolus project we build an experimental laboratory for the study of degassing dynamics through analogue volcanic eruptions. In particular the laboratory is capable of 1) investigate the relationship between degassing processes and the relative seismo-acoustic signals; 2) study the effect of different degrees of irregularity (i.e. roughness of the internal surface) of volcanic conduits on the eruptive style and/or the associated seismic-acoustic signals; 3) unravel the timescales of cyclic activity at basaltic volcanoes, reproducing the foam collapse model of Jaupart and Vergniolle (1988, 1989), which explains the transition between different explosive terms of the basaltic system (e.g. Strombolian activity and lava fountains), in a range of dimensionless parameters close to the volcanic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: Parma
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Keywords: Experiments ; Degassive dynamics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The current momentum in the electrification of the car fuels hope for a transition in mobility. However, electric vehicles have failed before and it is thus asked: What is the potential of e-mobility developing as a sustainable system innovation? In order to deal with this challenge analytically, a theoretical framework is developed: the concepts of transformative capacity of a new technology (do electric vehicles trigger "social" innovations, e.g. new business models or use patterns?) and system adaptability (how stable is the mobility regime?) are introduced and the issue of sustainability is discussed. This framework will be explored for the German innovation system for e-mobility. It can be shown that electric cars will only be successful when part of a system innovation and that the German innovation system is dominated by regime actors and thus potentially used as a way to fend off more substantial change.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: En el contexto de la reactivación del Centro Colombiano de Datos e Información Oceanográfica, los historiadores buscaron definir un enfoque de archivística que constituyera un método para la búsqueda científica (también llamada ‘arqueología’ en el argot del manejo de datos oceanográficos internacional) y la recuperación de la memoria histórica de la información oceanográfica del Pacífico colombiano, y al mismo tiempo, satisfacer las necesidades de los investigadores de acceder a datos e información histórica oceanográfica que permitirán contar con una base teórica para realizar estudios de diferente tipo, entre otros, de predicción climática; modelación del oleaje, de corrientes y de fenómenos naturales como El Niño-Oscilación del Sur, que afectan las costas del Pacífico. Se trata de un esfuerzo interdisciplinario realizado a partir de la identificación de los antecedentes y experiencias que instituciones de investigación marina en Colombia y centros de datos oceanográficos de otros países, tanto a lo largo del continente americano como del europeo, han adelantado en las últimas décadas para salvaguardar la historia del océano, costas y áreas insulares. La definición de esta metodología consideró el marco conceptual de la recuperación de datos e información oceanográfica, la identificación de las fuentes documentales e información marina en archivos y bibliotecas, las medidas de conservación documental que incluyen la restauración, digitalización de documentos y normalización de metadatos recuperados, teniendo en cuenta el estándar recomendado por el programa Internacional de Intercambio de Datos e Información Oceanográfica.
    Description: In the context of the reactivation of Colombian Oceanographic Data Center, some historians looked for to define an approach to archival method for scientific search (also call archaeology into the oceanographic data management community) and rescue the historical memory of Colombian Pacific oceanographic information, and at the same time, to satisfy the researchers requirements to get historical oceanographic data and information that will allow them to obtain a theoretical base to make different type of studies, like climatic prediction, wave and currents modeling, and investigation about naturals phenomena like El Nino Southern Oscillation that it affects the Colombian Pacific coast. This work is an interdisciplinary effort made from the identification of the antecedents of Colombian marine research institutes and national oceanographic data centres of other countries, as much throughout the American continent as of the European, which have had experience in safeguard the history of the ocean, coasts and insulars areas in the last decades. The definition of this methodology considered the conceptual framework of the oceanographic information and data rescue, the identification of the documentary sources and marine information available into archives and libraries, the measures of documentary conservation that include restoration, digitalization of documents and the normalization of metadata recovered according to the standard recommended by the International Oceanographic Data and Information program.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Arqueología de datos ; Historia ; Archivística ; Fuente documental ; Metadatos marinos ; Digitalización ; Normalización ; ASFA_2015::O::Oceanographic data ; ASFA_2015::D::Documents ; ASFA_2015::A::Archives
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Not Known
    Format: Pp.123-150
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: This paper explores how the European Commission promotes the concept of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) among European cities. Despite the strong uptake of the SUMP concept, mobility-related problems persist in European municipalities. Linking theoretical approaches to understand the diffusion of policies with empirical findings from working with cities in the SUMP context, this article explores channels of policy diffusion and investigates shortcomings related to the respective approaches. Studies on the diffusion, the transfer and the convergence of policies identify formal hierarchy, coercion, competition, learning and networking, and the diffusion of international norms as channels for policy transfer. The findings which are presented in this paper are twofold: First, the paper finds evidence that the Commission takes different roles and uses all mechanisms in parallel, albeit with different intensity. It concludes that the approaches to explain policy diffusion are not competing or mutually exclusive but are applied by the same actor to address different aspects of a policy field, or to reach out to different actors. Second, the article provides first evidence of factors that limit the mechanisms' abilities to directly influence urban mobility systems and mobility behaviour.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’area del Salento (Puglia meridionale) è considerata l’avampaese stabile della catena appenninica (Cinque et al., 1993). La sismicità strumentale, registrata dagli anni Settanta a oggi, è scarsa e di bassa energia, prevalentemente concentrata ad ovest della penisola salentina e nel canale d’Otranto, dove il massimo evento registrato è stato quello del 20 ottobre del 1974 di Mw = 5.0 (CPTI11, 2011) (Fig.1). I terremoti storici più forti degli ultimi 1.000 anni, riportati dai cataloghi disponibili in letteratura, sono stati quelli del 10 settembre 1087 di Bari (Imax = 6-7), (CPTI11, 2011), del 20 febbraio 1743 del basso Ionio (Imax=IX), (CFTIMED04, 2007; CPTI11, 2011) e del 26 ottobre 1826 di Manduria (Imax = 6-7, CPTI11, 2011). Tra questi l’evento a maggiore energia è stato il terremoto del 1743, che ha colpito la Puglia e le coste occidentali della Grecia, ma è stato avvertito anche nelle regioni dell’Italia meridionale e in alcune località dell’Italia Centrale e Settentrionale, fino a Trento e a Udine, e finanche nell’isola di Malta. É stato un evento sismico complesso, percepito come una sequenza di tre violente scosse, prodotte probabilmente dall’attivazione di diversi segmenti di faglia (CFTIMED04, 2007). Sono state formulate due ipotesi di localizzazione di questo evento: secondo la prima, l’epicentro è riportato a mare, a est di S. Maria di Leuca, ipotesi avvalorata anche dalla distribuzione dei depositi da tsunami, attribuiti a questo terremoto, lungo le coste adriatiche meridionali del Salento (Torre Sasso e Torre S. Emiliano) (Mastronuzzi et al., 2007) fino a Brindisi; per la seconda, come revisionato nel catalogo CFTIMED04 (2007), l’epicentro è riportato a terra, tra Nardò e Galatina. In Italia i danni maggiori si sono registrati in Salento, nelle cittadine di Nardò, in provincia di Lecce, e Francavilla Fontana, in provincia di Brindisi; in Grecia a Levkas e nelle isole Ionie. I morti furono circa 180, 150 nella sola Nardò. L’evento è descritto in alcune centinaia di documenti storici, da cui si evince che furono oltre 86 le località interessate. Lo studio degli effetti prodotti ha permesso di attribuire all’evento una intensità massima di Imax = 9 (per Nardò e per Levkas) e Me = 6.9 (CFTIMED04, 2007). Nonostante ci siano stati danni notevoli in tutto il Salento, la mappa di pericolosità sismica di riferimento per il territorio nazionale (MPSO4 - Ordinanza PCM 3519/2006) attribuisce bassi valori di pericolosità nell’area del Salento e alti valori nell’area a mare, nel canale di Otranto. Questo lavoro si propone di andare alla scoperta delle evidenze architettoniche distrutte e ricostruite in seguito all’evento, con l’obiettivo di creare un itinerario geoturistico sulle “tracce” di questo terremoto nel tessuto urbano delle città salentine coinvolte.
    Description: Published
    Description: 687 - 690
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Salento ; sismicità ; itinerario geoturistico ; 1743 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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