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  • Online Resource  (3)
  • The Electrochemical Society  (3)
  • Chen, Jianuo  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance and Durability of HT-PEMFC Enhanced By One-Step Electrochemical Exfoliated Phosphonated Graphene Oxide
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2022
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2022-01, No. 7 ( 2022-07-07), p. 628-628
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2022-01, No. 7 ( 2022-07-07), p. 628-628
    Abstract: The high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) conducts protons through the hydrogen bond network established by the polymer and phosphoric acid (PA), which reduces the dependence on humidity and allows its operating temperature to be higher than 100°C [1] . A higher operating temperature is conducive to improve catalyst activity, reducing carbon dioxide adsorption on the catalyst thus reducing the requirement for hydrogen purity, and convenient water management [2] . As the most widely commercialized HT-PEMFC proton exchange membrane material, the performance and durability of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) still need to be improved. In particular, it has insufficient proton conductivity, insufficient mechanical properties, and phosphoric acid leaching issues under high acid doping level [3] [4] [5] . The doping of functionalized graphene oxide in the PBI membrane can build additional proton transfer channels, promote proton hopping and act as a trap for PA to reduce its leaching by virtue of abundant functional groups of functionalized GO [6] [7] [8] . Among the groups that can be used for functionalization, the phosphoric acid group has become one of the most promising due to its strong hydrogen bonding and water retention ability [9] [10] [11] . Phosphonated graphene oxide (PGO) is usually synthesized by further phosphonation of GO obtained by chemical exfoliation [6] [7] . Chemical exfoliation methods usually require the long-term action of strong acids and strong oxidants [12] . The safety and environmental issues caused by those methods can not be underestimated. And the two-step synthesis method of PGO has a long reaction period. This work achieved the rapid, safe, and large-yield production of electrochemically exfoliated PGO by using a 3D printed reactor, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the electrolyte and natural graphite flakes as the raw material. The two-step electrochemical exfoliation method of producing GIC with concentrated sulfuric acid as the first electrolyte is also used to synthesize electrochemical exfoliated (E)GO. 1.5wt% EGO or PGO was doped in the PBI membrane to explore the effect of different GO on the performance and durability of the PBI- membrane-based HT-PEMFC. Compared with pure PBI, the doping of EGO and PGO increases the peak power density of HT-PEMFC by 17.4% and 35.4%, respectively. [1] Y.-L. Ma, J.S. Wainright, M.H. Litt, R.F. Savinell, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2004 , 151 , A8. [2] H. Su, S. Pasupathi, B. Bladergroen, V. Linkov, B.G. Pollet, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2013 , 38 , 11370. [3] S. Galbiati, A. Baricci, A. Casalegno, R. Marchesi, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2013 , 38 , 6469. [4] S.H. Eberhardt, F. Marone, M. Stampanoni, F.N. Büchi, T.J. Schmidt, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 2014 , 21 , 1319. [5] Q. He, X. Yang, W. Chen, S. Mukerjee, B. Koel, S. Chen, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2010 , 12 , 12544. [6] J. Yang, C. Liu, L. Gao, J. Wang, Y. Xu, R. He, RSC Advances 2015 , 5 , 101049. [7] C. Xu, Y. Cao, R. Kumar, X. Wu, X. Wang, K. Scott, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011 , 21 , 11359. [8] Y. Cai, Z. Yue, S.X.-J. of A.P. Science, undefined 2017, Wiley Online Library 2017 , 134 , 44986. [9] E. Abouzari-Lotf, H. Ghassemi, A. Shockravi, T. Zawodzinski, D. Schiraldi, Polymer 2011 , 52 , 4709. [10] E. Abouzari-Lotf, M. Zakeri, M.M. Nasef, M. Miyake, P. Mozarmnia, N.A. Bazilah, N.F. Emelin, A. Ahmad, Journal of Power Sources 2019 , 412 , 238. [11] S. Some, I. Shackery, S.J. Kim, S.C. Jun, Chemistry - A European Journal 2015 , 21 , 15480. [12] C. Xu, Y. Cao, R. Kumar, X. Wu, X. Wang, K. Scott, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011 , 21 , 11359.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2022-017628mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene Oxide Made By a Novel One-Step Electrochemical Exfoliation of Natural Graphite Flakes Based on a 3D-Printed Reactor
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2020
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2020-02, No. 7 ( 2020-11-23), p. 1100-1100
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2020-02, No. 7 ( 2020-11-23), p. 1100-1100
    Abstract: Since its discovery in 2004, Graphene has been widely study for different applications, noticeable for electrochemical energy devices, due to its excellent properties as a barrier material, electrical conductivity or high surface area. However, it is still an expensive material since it cannot be produced in a large scale. Graphene based materials such as Graphene oxide (GO) or Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) also present similar properties than Graphene and can be produce in a more economical way [1]. However, traditional method to produce GO, Hummer’s method, which base on chemical exfoliation of graphite, is a long and tedious process which requires the use of strong oxidants and hazardous chemicals leading environmental pollution that cannot be repaired [2,3] . Recently, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to produce GO has attracted more and more attention due its environmental protection, low price, easy process and high efficiency [4-7]. Since natural graphite is mostly in the form of flakes and its tiny size is not conducive to its direct use in electrochemical exfoliation, currently, electrochemical exfoliation is mostly made of graphite foil, graphite rod and other graphite processed products. These materials are obtained by using processes such as chemical, thermodynamic, and mechanical compression, leading in physical or chemical changes that alter their original properties or structure. There are also some attempts to use natural graphite flakes for electrochemical exfoliation [8,9] . However, this makes electrochemical exfoliation require more voltage, longer time and less yield. In this work, we present novel design reactor to perform electrochemical exfoliation using natural graphite flakes as raw materials. By using ammonium sulphate as electrolyte, electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite flakes can be done at low voltage with short time. This achievement also enables the comparison of electrochemical exfoliation products with different raw materials (graphite foil and natural graphite flakes) at the same exfoliation voltage and the same exfoliation time. We explored the properties of the product by raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), four-probe method and contact angle measurement. We have found that by combining natural graphite flakes with the reactor, the product obtained is significantly different from the exfoliated product based on graphite foil, achieving better oxidation, better dispersion in deionized water, more defects and greater yield. In addition, the special structure of the reactor allows the exfoliation time to be controlled, and we also compare the products obtained at different exfoliation times. The Exfoliated Graphene Oxide (EGO) obtained it has been used as a filler material in proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells as well as a support material for electrocalyst to enhance the kinetics for the reactions which take place in these fuel cells. References: [1] Perreault F, De Faria A F, Elimelech M. Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials[J] . Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(16): 5861-5896. [2] Eigler S. Controlled Chemistry Approach to the Oxo‐Functionalization of Graphene[J] . Chemistry–A European Journal, 2016, 22(21): 7012-7027. [3] Eigler S, Hirsch A. Chemistry with graphene and graphene oxide—challenges for synthetic chemists[J] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2014, 53(30): 7720-7738. [4] Gurzęda B, Florczak P, Kempiński M, et al. Synthesis of graphite oxide by electrochemical oxidation in aqueous perchloric acid[J] . Carbon, 2016, 100: 540-545. [5] Su C Y, Lu A Y, Xu Y, et al. High-quality thin graphene films from fast electrochemical exfoliation[J] . ACS nano, 2011, 5(3): 2332-2339. [6] Tian Z, Yu P, Lowe S E, et al. Facile electrochemical approach for the production of graphite oxide with tunable chemistry[J] . Carbon, 2017, 112: 185-191. [7] Liu J, Poh C K, Zhan D, et al. Improved synthesis of graphene flakes from the multiple electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod[J] . Nano Energy, 2013, 2(3): 377-386. [8] Yu P, Tian Z, Lowe S E, et al. Mechanically-assisted electrochemical production of graphe ne oxide[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(22): 8429-8438. [9] Lowe S E, Shi G, Zhang Y, et al. Scalable Production of Graphene Oxide Using a 3D-Printed Packed-Bed Electrochemical Reactor with a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode[J] . ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2019, 2(2): 867-878.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-0271100mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Applications of High Quality Graphene Made By a Novel Electrochemical Exfoliation of Natural Graphite Flakes
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2020
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2020-01, No. 10 ( 2020-05-01), p. 862-862
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2020-01, No. 10 ( 2020-05-01), p. 862-862
    Abstract: Since its discovery in 2004, Graphene has been widely study for different applications, noticeable for electrochemical energy devices, due to its excellent properties as a barrier material, electrical conductivity or high surface area. However, it is still an expensive material since it cannot be produced in a large scale. Graphene based materials such as Graphene oxide (GO) or Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) also present similar properties than Graphene and can be produce in a more economical way [1]. However, traditional method to produce GO, Hummer’s method, which base on chemical exfoliation of graphite, is a long and tedious process which requires the use of strong oxidants and hazardous chemicals leading environmental pollution that cannot be repaired [2,3] . Recently, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite to produce GO has attracted more and more attention due its environmental protection, low price, easy process and high efficiency [4-7]. Since natural graphite is mostly in the form of flakes and its tiny size is not conducive to its direct use in electrochemical exfoliation, currently, electrochemical exfoliation is mostly made of graphite foil, graphite rod and other graphite processed products. These materials are obtained by using processes such as chemical, thermodynamic, and mechanical compression, leading in physical or chemical changes that alter their original properties or structure. There are also some attempts to use natural graphite flakes for electrochemical exfoliation [8,9] . However, this makes electrochemical exfoliation require more voltage, longer time and less yield. In this work, we present novel design reactor to perform electrochemical exfoliation using natural graphite flakes as raw materials. By using ammonium sulphate as electrolyte, electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite flakes can be done at low voltage with short time. This achievement also enables the comparison of electrochemical exfoliation products with different raw materials (graphite foil and natural graphite flakes) at the same exfoliation voltage and the same exfoliation time. We explored the properties of the product by raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), four-probe method and contact angle measurement. We have found that by combining natural graphite flakes with the reactor, the product obtained is significantly different from the exfoliated product based on graphite foil, achieving better oxidation, better dispersion in deionized water, more defects and greater yield. In addition, the special structure of the reactor allows the exfoliation time to be controlled, and we also compare the products obtained at different exfoliation times. The Exfoliated Graphene Oxide (EGO) obtained it has been used as a filler material in proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells as well as a support material for electrocalyst to enhance the kinetics for the reactions which take place in these fuel cells. References: [1] Perreault F, De Faria A F, Elimelech M. Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials[J] . Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(16): 5861-5896. [2] Eigler S. Controlled Chemistry Approach to the Oxo‐Functionalization of Graphene[J] . Chemistry–A European Journal, 2016, 22(21): 7012-7027. [3] Eigler S, Hirsch A. Chemistry with graphene and graphene oxide—challenges for synthetic chemists[J] . Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2014, 53(30): 7720-7738. [4] Gurzęda B, Florczak P, Kempiński M, et al. Synthesis of graphite oxide by electrochemical oxidation in aqueous perchloric acid[J] . Carbon, 2016, 100: 540-545. [5] Su C Y, Lu A Y, Xu Y, et al. High-quality thin graphene films from fast electrochemical exfoliation[J] . ACS nano, 2011, 5(3): 2332-2339. [6] Tian Z, Yu P, Lowe S E, et al. Facile electrochemical approach for the production of graphite oxide with tunable chemistry[J] . Carbon, 2017, 112: 185-191. [7] Liu J, Poh C K, Zhan D, et al. Improved synthesis of graphene flakes from the multiple electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod[J] . Nano Energy, 2013, 2(3): 377-386. [8] Yu P, Tian Z, Lowe S E, et al. Mechanically-assisted electrochemical production of graphene oxide[J] . Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(22): 8429-8438. [9] Lowe S E, Shi G, Zhang Y, et al. Scalable Production of Graphene Oxide Using a 3D-Printed Packed-Bed Electrochemical Reactor with a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode[J] . ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2019, 2(2): 867-878.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-0110862mtgabs
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
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