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  • Articles  (13)
  • Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management  (3)
  • Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries  (2)
  • Ecosystems  (2)
  • Natural Hazards  (2)
  • Environmental Earth Sciences  (1)
  • Plant Ecology  (1)
  • Hydrobiologia  (1)
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  • Biology  (7)
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  • Articles  (13)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-09-13
    Description:    The condition of many wetlands across Australia has deteriorated due to increased water regulation and the expansion and intensification of agriculture and increased urban and industrial expansion. Despite this situation, a comprehensive overview of the distribution and condition of wetlands across Australia is not available. Regional analyses exist and several exemplary mapping and monitoring exercises have been maintained to complement the more general information sets. It is expected that global climate change will exacerbate the pressures on inland wetlands, while sea level rises will adversely affect coastal wetlands. It is also expected that the exacerbation of these pressures will increase the potential for near-irreversible changes in the ecological state of some wetlands. Concerted institutional responses to such pressures have in the past proven difficult to sustain, although there is some evidence that a more balanced approach to water use and agriculture is being developed with the provision of increasing funds to purchase water for environmental flows being one example. We identify examples from around Australia that illustrate the impacts on wetlands of long-term climate change from palaeoecological records (south-eastern Australia); water allocation (Murray-Darling Basin); dryland salinisation (south-western Australia); and coastal salinisation (northern Australia). These are provided to illustrate both the extent of change in wetlands and the complexity of differentiating the specific effects of climate change. An appraisal of the main policy responses by government to climate change is provided as a basis for further considering the opportunities for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Content Type Journal Article Category Effects of Climate Change on Wetlands Pages 1-21 DOI 10.1007/s00027-011-0232-5 Authors C. M. Finlayson, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia J. A. Davis, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia P. A. Gell, Centre for Environmental Management, School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia R. T. Kingsford, Australian Rivers and Wetland Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia K. A. Parton, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Journal Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries Online ISSN 1420-9055 Print ISSN 1015-1621
    Print ISSN: 1015-1621
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9055
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-07-16
    Description:    High rates of urbanization, environmental degradation, and industrial development have affected all nations worldwide, but in disaster-prone areas, the impact is even greater serving to increase the extent of damage from natural catastrophes. As a result of the global nature of environmental change, modern economies have had to adapt, and sustainability is an extremely important issue. Clearly, natural disasters will affect the competitiveness of an enterprise. This study focuses on natural disaster management in an area in which the direct risks are posed by the physical effects of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, tsunamis, and rising sea levels. On a local level, the potential impact of a disaster on a company and how much damage (loss) it causes to facilities and future business are of concern. Each company must make plans to mitigate predictable risk. Risk assessments must be completed in a timely manner. Disaster management is also very important to national policy. Natural disaster management mechanisms can include strategies for disaster prevention, early warning (prediction) systems, disaster mitigation, preparedness and response, and human resource development. Both governmental administration (public) and private organizations should participate in these programs. Participation of the local community is especially important for successful disaster mitigation, preparation for, and the implementations of such measures. Our focus in this study is a preliminary proposal for developing an efficient probabilistic approach to facilitate design optimization that involves probabilistic constraints. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s11069-011-9889-2 Authors Chun-Pin Tseng, Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Armaments Bureau, Taoyuan, Taiwan Cheng-Wu Chen, Institute of Maritime Information and Technology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 80543 Taiwan Journal Natural Hazards Online ISSN 1573-0840 Print ISSN 0921-030X
    Print ISSN: 0921-030X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-03-30
    Description:    Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from grazed grasslands are estimated to be approximately 28% of global anthropogenic N 2 O emissions. Estimating the N 2 O flux from grassland soils is difficult because of its episodic nature. This study aimed to quantify the N 2 O emissions, the annual N 2 O flux and the emission factor (EF), and also to investigate the influence of environmental and soil variables controlling N 2 O emissions from grazed grassland. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured using static chambers at eight different grasslands in the South of Ireland from September 2007 to August 2009. The instantaneous N 2 O flux values ranged from -186 to 885.6 μg N 2 O-N m −2  h −1 and the annual sum ranged from 2 ± 3.51 to 12.55 ± 2.83 kg N 2 O-N ha −1  y −1 for managed sites. The emission factor ranged from 1.3 to 3.4%. The overall EF of 1.81% is about 69% higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default EF value of 1.25% which is currently used by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to estimate N 2 O emission in Ireland. At an N applied of approximately 300 kg ha −1  y −1 , the N 2 O emissions are approximately 5.0 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 y −1 , whereas the N 2 O emissions double to approximately 10 kg N ha −1 for an N applied of 400 kg N ha −1  y −1 . The sites with higher fluxes were associated with intensive N-input and frequent cattle grazing. The N 2 O flux at 17°C was five times greater than that at 5°C. Similarly, the N 2 O emissions increased with increasing water filled pore space (WFPS) with maximum N 2 O emissions occurring at 60–80% WFPS. We conclude that N application below 300 kg ha −1  y −1 and restricted grazing on seasonally wet soils will reduce N 2 O emissions. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-20 DOI 10.1007/s10021-011-9434-x Authors Rashad Rafique, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Deirdre Hennessy, Department of Animals &, Grassland Science Research, Teagasc-Moorpark, Fermoy, Ireland Gerard Kiely, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Journal Ecosystems Online ISSN 1435-0629 Print ISSN 1432-9840
    Print ISSN: 1432-9840
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0629
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description:    This review reports background information on wetlands in the Northeast Asia and High Asia areas, including wetland coverage and type, significance for local populations, and threats to their vitality and protection, with particular focus on the relationship of how global change influenced wetlands. Natural wetlands in these areas have been greatly depleted and degraded, largely due to global climate change, drainage and conversion to agriculture and silviculture, hydrologic alterations, exotics invasions, and misguided management policies. Global warming has caused wetland and ice-sheet loss in High Asia and permafrost thawing in tundra wetlands in Northeast Asia, and hence induced enormous reductions in water-storage sources in High Asia and carbon loss in Northeast Asia. This, in the long term, will exacerbate chronic water shortage and positively feed back global warming. Recently, better understanding of the vital role of healthy wetland ecosystems to Asia’s sustainable economic development has led to major efforts in wetland conservation and restoration. Nonetheless, collaborative efforts to restore and protect the wetlands must involve not only the countries of Northeast and High Asia but also international agencies. Research has been productive but the results should be more effectively integrated with policy-making and wetland restoration practices under future climatic scenarios. Content Type Journal Article Category Research Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00027-012-0281-4 Authors Shuqing An, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Ziqiang Tian, River and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012 People’s Republic of China Ying Cai, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Teng Wen, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Delin Xu, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Hao Jiang, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Zhigang Yao, The Wetland Management Station, Jiangsu Administrate of Forestry, Nanjing, 210036 People’s Republic of China Baohua Guan, The Institute of Geography and Limnology, China Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008 People’s Republic of China Sheng Sheng, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Yan Ouyang, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 People’s Republic of China Xiaoli Cheng, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China Journal Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries Online ISSN 1420-9055 Print ISSN 1015-1621
    Print ISSN: 1015-1621
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9055
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-22
    Description:    Snow regimes affect biogeochemistry of boreal ecosystems and are altered by climate change. The effects on plant communities, however, are largely unexplored despite their influence on relevant processes. Here, the impact of snow cover on understory community composition and below-ground production in a boreal Picea abies forest was investigated using a long-term (8-year) snow cover manipulation experiment consisting of the treatments: snow removal, increased insulation (styrofoam pellets), and control. The snow removal treatment caused longer (118 vs. 57 days) and deeper soil frost (mean minimum temperature −5.5 vs. −2.2°C) at 10 cm soil depth in comparison to control. Understory species composition was strongly altered by the snow cover manipulations; vegetation cover declined by more than 50% in the snow removal treatment. In particular, the dominant dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus (−82%) and the most abundant mosses Pleurozium schreberi (−74%) and Dicranum scoparium (−60%) declined strongly. The C:N ratio in V. myrtillus leaves and plant available N in the soil indicated no altered nitrogen nutrition. Fine-root biomass in summer, however, was negatively affected by the reduced snow cover (−50%). Observed effects are attributed to direct frost damage of roots and/ or shoots. Besides the obvious relevance of winter processes on plant ecology and distribution, we propose that shifts in the vegetation caused by frost damage may be an important driver of the reported alterations in biogeochemistry in response to altered snow cover. Understory plant performance clearly needs to be considered in the biogeochemistry of boreal systems in the face of climate change. Content Type Journal Article Category Global change ecology - Original Paper Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00442-011-2092-z Authors Juergen Kreyling, Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Mahsa Haei, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Hjalmar Laudon, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden Journal Oecologia Online ISSN 1432-1939 Print ISSN 0029-8549
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: Land degradation is a serious global problem. Pursuant to the alarming environmental degradation, the government and non-governmental organizations have implemented various land rehabilitation programs. Among this the predominant one is area closures, through tree-planting and physical conservation measures such as terracing. This study was designed to investigate the impact of integrating s...
    Electronic ISSN: 2141-2391
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Academic Journals
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-02-18
    Description: Despite the global interest to increase the worlds carbon stocks, most carbon sequestration strategies have largely depended on woody ecosystems whose production is threatened by the continuous shortage of land, hence the need to explore viable alternatives. The potential of bananas to sequester carbon has been reported but there is limited knowledge on the performance of various cultivars a...
    Electronic ISSN: 2141-2391
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-07-19
    Description:    Understanding the factors which affect the distribution of alien plants in arid islands is complicated by the complex and stochastic nature of the invasion process per se , the harsh environmental conditions, and the low number of researchers and sampling effort. We present the results of the most comprehensive inventory to date of alien vascular plant species occurring in Socotra Island, a global biodiversity hotspot just beginning to be developed. A floristic survey was conducted between 2006 and 2008 in 36 grid cells of 10 × 10 km. We integrated this data from this survey with those from scientific literature. We recorded 88 alien plant species. Tree and herbaceous species were the most common growth forms. Species from Asia and edible species were prevalent. We identified 80 species considered weeds worldwide with 〉50 % adapted to arid conditions. We used a two-part model to analyze the spatial distribution of naturalized and alien plant species in relation to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Altitude and human-related factors play a significant role in the distribution of both naturalized and invasive species. Notably, the latter can potentially spread mainly in the alluvial basal areas. This study underpins the knowledge about alien species and their spatial distribution in Socotra Island. It provides a baseline for plant invasion management and contributes data for the analyses of invasion processes on islands worldwide. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s11258-012-0098-1 Authors Ali S. Senan, Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India Federico Tomasetto, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand Alessio Farcomeni, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Rayasamuda K. Somashekar, Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India Fabio Attorre, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy Journal Plant Ecology Online ISSN 1573-5052 Print ISSN 1385-0237
    Print ISSN: 1385-0237
    Electronic ISSN: 1385-0237
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description:    Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attracting widespread attention worldwide as a tool for fishery management and marine ecosystem conservation. The establishment of MPAs has increased greatly in recent years mostly due to international commitments to the establishment of a global network of MPAs by 2012. MPAs have the potential to strongly affect the fishing industry, and their success depends, at least partly, on fishers’ attitudes towards this management measure. However, research on MPAs tends to focus on the ecological and conservation aspects of this management approach and not on its human dimensions. Studies in attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and preferences related to MPA issues have been identified as priority social science topics in need of research. We present a ‘rapid review’, conducted systematically, of the literature published up to September 2009 and aimed at identifying the most investigated topics related to commercial fishers’ attitudes towards MPAs, describing the main findings from these studies, and analysing the implications for management. Most published work focuses on fishers’ attitudes towards issues of governance, conservation of biodiversity and the environment, and the impact of MPAs on fishing activity. Despite the recent increase in the literature on the human dimensions of MPAs, the present review reveals that little of this literature originates from empirical studies. Hence, given the forthcoming increase in the implementation of MPAs in the near future, research on fishers’ attitudes towards these management measures is critically needed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s10750-011-0665-9 Authors Cristina Pita, Business School, Department of Economics, University of Aberdeen, Edward Wright Building, Dunbar Street, Aberdeen, AB24 3QY UK Graham J. Pierce, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ UK Ioannis Theodossiou, Business School, Department of Economics, University of Aberdeen, Edward Wright Building, Dunbar Street, Aberdeen, AB24 3QY UK Karen Macpherson, NHS Quality Improvement Scotland, Delta House, 50 West Nile Street, Glasgow, G1 2NP UK Journal Hydrobiologia Online ISSN 1573-5117 Print ISSN 0018-8158
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description:    The area of study lies at the northeastern part of Nile Delta. Global shoreline regression and sea-level rise have their own-bearing on the groundwater salinization due to seawater intrusion. A new adopted approach for vulnerability mapping using the hydrochemical investigations, geographic information system and a weighted multi-criteria decision support system (WMCDSS) was developed to determine the trend of groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion. Six thematic layers were digitally integrated and assigned different weights and rates. These have been created to comprise the most decisive criteria used for the delineation of groundwater degradation due to seawater intrusion. These criteria are represented by the total dissolved solids, well discharge, sodium adsorption ratio, hydrochemical parameter (Cl/HCO 3 ), hydraulic conductivity and water types. The WMCDSS modeling was tried, where a groundwater vulnerability map with four classes ranging from very low to high vulnerability was gained. The map pinpointed the promising localities for groundwater protection, which are almost represented by the very low or low vulnerability areas (53.69 % of the total study area). The regions having high and moderate groundwater vulnerability occupy 46.31 % of total study area, which designate to a deteriorated territory of groundwater quality, and needs special treatment and cropping pattern before use. However, the moderate groundwater vulnerability class occupies an area of about 28.77 % of the total mapped area, which highlighted the need for certain management practices to prevent the saltwater intrusion from expanding further to the south. There was a good correlation of the constructed vulnerability map with the recently gathered water quality data and hydrochemical facies evolution. The plotting of water quality data on Piper trilinear diagram revealed the evolution of freshwater into the mixing and the saline zones as an impact of seawater intrusion, which validates the model results. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Article Pages 1-19 DOI 10.1007/s12665-012-1740-x Authors Hossam H. Elewa, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), P.O. Box 1564, 23 Jozef Brows Tito St., El Nozha El-Gedida, Alf-Maskan, Cairo, 11769 Egypt Ragaa E. Shohaib, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Atef A. Qaddah, Geological Hazards Research Unit, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Ahmad M. Nousir, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Journal Environmental Earth Sciences Online ISSN 1866-6299 Print ISSN 1866-6280
    Print ISSN: 1866-6280
    Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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