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  • American Physiological Society  (7)
  • English  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
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  • American Physiological Society  (7)
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  • English  (7)
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  • 1975-1979  (7)
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Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phrenic motoneurons in the cat: subpopulations and nature of respiratory drive potentials
    American Physiological Society ; 1979
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 1979-01-01), p. 76-90
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 1979-01-01), p. 76-90
    Abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from 78 phrenic motoneurons (PM) in anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats that were slightly hypercapnic. 2. Three subpopulations of PM (types A, B, and A/B) were identified on the basis of their membrane potential trajectories during expiration (E). Type A cells exhibited wholly linear trajectories. These were rapidly hyperpolarized at the onset of E followed by a slow ramp of increasing hyperpolarization observed in 51 of 59 type A cells. Types B (13 cells) and A/B (6 cells) had nonlinear trajectories in E. Type B cells approached their end-expiratory potential levels more slowly. 3. Measurements of axonal conduction velocity, expiratory phase input resistance, initial depolarization rate, and initial spike onset during inspiration revealed that type B cells had significantly slower axonal conduction velocities, higher input resistances, greater initial depolarization rates, and earlier initial spike onsets than type A cells. The properties of type A/B were intermediate between the other cell types. These results support the hypothesis that the PM pool is not homogeneous. 4. Active E-phase inhibition of all types of PM was directly demonstrated by reversal of the increasing hyperpolarizing wave to a depolarizing wave with hyperpolarizing current injection using a bridge circuit. Thus hyperpolarization of PM during E is not merely due to a central disfacilitation. 5. During hyperpolarizing current injection the inspiratory phase membrane potential trajectory of all PM became a ramp depolarization similar to that seen during control conditions in type A cells. These results support the conclusion that all cells within the PM pool are receiving a similar central excitatory synaptic input during inspiration. The rapid initial depolarization of type B and their concomitant early spike onset is a consequence in part of a rebound excitation from their expiratory phase inhibition as well as a higher input resistance, probably due to a smaller cell size. 6. Expiratory related neural activity was recorded within the phrenic motor nucleus. It is suggested that these expiratory related neural elements, based on the temporal pattern of their activity, may be responsible for the active inhibition of PM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.1979.42.1.76
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Endogenous nature of circadian rhythms in calcium metabolism
    American Physiological Society ; 1979
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 237, No. 5 ( 1979-11-01), p. R311-R317
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 237, No. 5 ( 1979-11-01), p. R311-R317
    Abstract: Rats studied when the lights are on from 0600 to 1800 daily and fed only in the dark period displayed circadian rhythms in plasma calcium (ionized and total) and 45Ca concentrations, 6 and 8 days after 45Ca administration. In rats fed a calcium-deficient diet, the amplitude of daily variation of plasma ionized and total calcium increased markedly whereas plasma 45Ca daily fluctuation remained essentially unchanged. In the calcium-deficient rats, significant correlations between plasma calcium and 45Ca and between plasma calcium and magnesium were observed throughout the 24 h; circadian periodicity of calcium metabolism persisted in rats fasted overnight, regardless of the illumination schedule. Normal daily fluctuations in plasma 45Ca, lost after thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX), were restored by feeding the TPTX rats a high-calcium diet. These results demonstrate clearly that circadian rhythms of calcium metabolism occurred irrespective of the light-dark schedule, the calcium supply through intestines and the thyroparathyroid system. An attractive suggestion is that circadian rhythmicity originates as a result of dynamic properties involving nonlinear processes of calcium metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1979.237.5.R311
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nature of load dependence of relaxation in cardiac muscle
    American Physiological Society ; 1979
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 237, No. 4 ( 1979-10-01), p. H455-H460
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 237, No. 4 ( 1979-10-01), p. H455-H460
    Abstract: Relaxation of spontaneously contracting single rat cardiac cells with an effective sarcoplasmic reticulum was shown to be sensitive to load, as previously described for intact mammalian ventricular cardiac muscle. Caffeine and tetanic stimulation could modify load-dependent relaxation in intact papillary muscle from cat or rat into a load-insensitive relaxation. Although such load dependence was demonstrated to be normally absent in frog ventricular cardiac muscle, in the present study it could also be made moderately manifest under specific conditions, e.g., high calcium, low sodium, or ouabain. The appearance of load dependence during relaxation in cardiac muscle thus emphasizes the presence of an effective sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1979.237.4.H455
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nature of induction of tryptophan pyrrolase in cold exposure
    American Physiological Society ; 1975
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 1975-02-01), p. 245-249
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 1975-02-01), p. 245-249
    Abstract: The activity of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase in rats exposed to cold increased rapidly and reached a maximum of three-fold at 8 h. On continued exposure up to 48 h stress, the activity partly decreased but remained at a level higher than the initial. Withdrawal from the cold stress reversed the change. Adrenalectomy or treatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis abolished the increase in the enzyme activity during cold stress indicating a possible involvement of corticosteroids and de novo protein synthesis. Treatment with drugs known to block autonomic nervous system failed to inhibit the cold-mediated increase in enzyme activity. The results suggest that the increase in enzyme activity obtained on cold exposure is mediated by corticosteroids and not by either indoleaklylamines or autonomic nervous system. The changes in the enzyme obtained under cold stress with respect to the overshoot phenomenon, relationship to the degree of stress and reversibility on withdrawal from the stress indicate the “adaptate” nature of the response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.2.245
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controlling the highest lactate dehydrogenase activity known in nature
    American Physiological Society ; 1978
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 234, No. 3 ( 1978-03-01), p. R136-R140
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 234, No. 3 ( 1978-03-01), p. R136-R140
    Abstract: In the shipjack, Euthynnus pelamis, white muscle appears to possess a powerful anaerobic capacity as well as a significant carbohydrate based aerobic potential. Lactate dehydrogenase occurs at higher activities than found thus far anywhere else in nature and clearly functions in anaerobic glycolysis. Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase also occurs in unusually high activities and appears to play a role in aerobic glycolysis. Regulation of these two reactions is accomplished by temperature, pH, and creatine phosphate levels. High temperature, low pH, and low creatine phosphate levels all appear to favor lactate dehydrogenase over alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; low temperature, high pH, and high creatine-phosphate levels, all expected during the quiescent state in this species, and when metabolism in aerobic, all favor alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1978.234.3.R136
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1978
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nature of aortic smooth muscle responses to changes in venous return in intact dogs
    American Physiological Society ; 1975
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content Vol. 228, No. 2 ( 1975-02-01), p. 518-525
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, American Physiological Society, Vol. 228, No. 2 ( 1975-02-01), p. 518-525
    Abstract: A response of the aortic smooth muscle to reduction in venous return was demonstrated previously. The present experiments were performed to determine whether these responses were of a reflex origin rather than being attributable to viscoelastic mechanisms. Viscoelastic mechanisms could not account for changes seen in the aortic pressure diameter relationship curve. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the response was abolished by eliminating sympathetic input to the aorta via spinal cord transection. This and other evidence demonstrate beyond doubt that the aortic response to reduction in venous return is of neurogenic origin and constitutes a well-integrated reflex. However, experimental evidence is presented which clearly indicates that the receptors for the aortic smooth muscle response are not located in either the carotid sinus or aortic arch but must be located elsewhere in the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9513
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.228.2.518
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 20060
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477334-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2065807-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477287-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477331-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477300-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477329-6
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise evaluated with naturally labeled [ 13 C]glucose
    American Physiological Society ; 1977
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 1977-08-01), p. 258-261
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 1977-08-01), p. 258-261
    Abstract: By use of naturally enriched [13C]glucose as metabolic tracer, the utilization of exogenous glucose ingested during muscular exercise was investigated. Four subjects walked on an uphill treadmill for 2 h, and three other for 4 h. The energy expenditure, close to 50% of the individual maximum Vo2,, varied from 1.9 to 2.1 liters of O2/min, while the heart rate ranged between 142 and 165 beats/mm. The subjects who were on a mixed diet and had fasted overnight, were given 100 g of naturally labeled [13C] glucose. Following this intake? the expired CO2 became rapidly enriched in carbon-13. The increase was observed as early as 15 min after the oral intake, and reached a maximum within 1–2 h, when utilization of exogenous glucose varied between 500 and 650 mg/min, representing as much as 55% of the carbohydrate metabolism and 24% of the total energy expenditure. glucose metabolism; man; mass spectrometry; stable isotopes
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1977.43.2.258
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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