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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (340)
  • English  (340)
  • 2000-2004  (340)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (340)
Language
  • English  (340)
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  • 2000-2004  (340)
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2001
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2001, No. 100 ( 2001-09-18)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2001, No. 100 ( 2001-09-18)
    Abstract: If you are interested in signal transduction underlying sensory perception, then you won't want to miss this week's Nature . Five reviews cover signaling in the Drosophila visual system by Hardie and Raghu, mechanosensory transduction (touch) by Gillespie and Walker, pain perception by Julius and Basbaum, olfaction by Firestein, and taste by Lindemann. In addition to the articles covering the cellular and molecular basis of sensory perception, Bayley and Cremer describe the application of sensory research to the development of biosensors. R. C. Hardie, P. Raghu, Visual transduction in Drosophila . Nature 413 , 186-193 (2001). [Online Journal] P. G. Gillespie, R. G. Walker, Molecular basis of mechanosensory transduction. Nature 413 , 194-202 (2001). [Online Journal] D. Julius, A. I Basbaum, Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature 413 , 203-210 (2001). [Online Journal] S. Firestein, How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. Nature 413 , 211-218 (2001). [Online Journal] B. Lindemann, Receptors and transduction in taste. Nature 413 , 219-225 (2001). [Online Journal] H. Bayley, P. S. Cremer, Stochastic sensors inspired by biology. Nature 413 , 226-230 (2001). [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2002
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2002, No. 115 ( 2002-01-15)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2002, No. 115 ( 2002-01-15)
    Abstract: This week's issue of Nature contains a large section devoted to cardiology. Of those articles, several are of a molecular nature, and may be of interest to STKE readers. Bers reviews the mechanisms that govern the transport of ions across membranes leading to the highly orchestrated contraction of the heart, whereas Marbán reviews how mutations and chronic modifications of various ion channels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Rockman et al. review the G protein-coupled receptors known to be involved in cardiac function. D. M. Bers, Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Nature 415 , 198-205 (2002). [Online Journal] E. Marbán, Cardiac channelopathies. Nature 415 , 213-218 (2002). [Online Journal] H. A. Rockman, W. J. Koch, R. J. Lefkowitz, Seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors and heart function. Nature 415 , 206-212 (2002). [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2000
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2000, No. 54 ( 2000-10-17)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2000, No. 54 ( 2000-10-17)
    Abstract: Six reviews on apoptosis cover everything from the biochemistry of the apoptotic machinery to the physiological roles for apoptosis and pathologies associated with apoptotic mechanisms. Hengartner addresses the biochemistry of the apoptotic mechanism and the pathways that activate apoptosis. Rich, Allen, and Wyllie discuss how DNA damage is sensed and signals the apoptotic pathway and how the cell cycle checkpoints provide opportunities for cells to evade apoptosis by repairing the damage. Two articles cover apoptosis and the immune system: Savill and Fadok focus on mechanisms for the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages and how this process regulates immune responses; Krammer focuses on the role of CD95-mediated apoptosis in T cell and B cell development and during immune responses. Meier, Finch, and Evan review the contributions based on studies of nematode, fruitfly, and mouse to understanding the importance of apoptosis during development. Finally, Yuan and Yankner discuss the signaling pathways implicated in regulating apoptosis in the nervous system. Special attention is paid to the role apoptosis may play in several human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Hengartner, M.O. (2000) The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 407 : 770-776. [Online Journal] Rich, T., Allen, R.L., and Wyllie, A.H. (2000) Defying death after DNA damage. Nature 407 : 777-783. [Online Journal] Savill, J., and Fadok, V. (2000) Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 407 : 784-788. [Online Journal] Krammer, P.H. (2000) CD95's deadly mission in the immune system. Nature 407 : 789-795. [Online Journal] Meier, P., Finch, A., and Even, G. (200) Apoptosis in development. Nature 407 : 796-801. [Online Journal] Yuan, J., and Yankner, B.A. (2000) Apoptosis in the nervous system. Nature 407 : 802-809. [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2001
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2001, No. 83 ( 2001-05-22)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2001, No. 83 ( 2001-05-22)
    Abstract: Understanding the extracellular and intracellular signals that control normal cell growth and proliferation has been central to deciphering the underlying causes of human cancers. Although cells strive to coordinate and balance a plethora of signaling cascades, the slightest perturbation can result in deregulation of critical cellular processes. A collection of articles in Nature that highlight recent progress in the control of the cell division cycle and apoptosis, protein kinase activation, and cell proliferation during embryonic development attests to how future development of effective therapeutics requires an integrated understanding of how deregulation of cell proliferation leads to tumorigenesis. G. I. Evan, K. H. Vousden, Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer, Nature 411 , 342-348 (2001). [Online Journal] J. Taipale, P. A. Beachy, The hedgehog and Wnt signalling pathways in cancer, Nature 411 , 349-354 (2001). [Online Journal] P. Blume-Jensen, T. Hunter, Oncogenic kinase signalling, Nature 411 , 355-365 (2001). [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2000
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2000, No. 17 ( 2000-02)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2000, No. 17 ( 2000-02)
    Abstract: Three groups report the cloning and characterization of a myelin protein, Nogo, which inhibits the outgrowth of central nervous system neurons. Goldberg and Barres highlight these reports in a Nature news and views article. Nogo belongs to the Reticulon family of proteins, which have two putative transmembrane domains and a COOH-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. All three groups identified three transcripts with Nogo-A being the longest and Nogo-B and Nogo-C encoding variants with smaller NH 2 -terminal domains. Chen et al . identified rat Nogos and demonstrated that Nogo-A was restricted in expression to nervous tissue. Prinjha et al . and GrandPré et al . both identified human Nogos. Each group used different approaches to identify the regions responsible for inhibiting neurite outgrowth and reported different regions of Nogo-A as having the inhibitory activity. All of the regions identified would not be displayed extracellularly if Nogo-A had only the two predicted transmembrane domains raising the issue of the topology of Nogo proteins. Nogo-A was found to be predominantly intracellular raising the question of how Nogo proteins act as myelin-associated inhibitors of nerve regeneration. Chen, M.S., Huber, A.B., van der Haar, M.E., Frank, M., Schnell, L., Spillmann, A.A., Christ, F., and Schwab, M.E. (2000) Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for the monoclonal IN-1. Nature 403: 434-438. [Online Journal] Prinjha, R., Moore, S.E., Vinson, M., Blake, S., Morrow, R., Christie, G., Michalovish, D., Simmons, D.L., and Walsh, F.S. (2000) Inhibitor of neurite outgrowth in humans. Nature 403: 383-384. [Online Journal] GrandPré, T., Nakamura, F., Vartanian, T., and Strittmatter, S.M. (2000) Identification of the Nogo inhibitor of axon regeneration as a Reticulon protein. Nature 403: 439-444. [Online Journal] Goldberg, J.L. and Barres, B.A. (2000) Nogo in nerve regeneration. Nature 403: 369-370. [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2001
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2001, No. 64 ( 2001-01-09)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2001, No. 64 ( 2001-01-09)
    Abstract: T cell activation is thought to require two events: engagement of the T cell receptor with antigen that is presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), and costimulatory signals that involve engagement of other molecule pairs between the T cell and the APC. One such costimulatory pair is the inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) present on T cells and its ligand B7HRP-1. Three groups have analyzed the contribution of this interaction to immune function in vivo by generating ICOS-null mice. ICOS-deficient mice exhibited defects in T cell activation and proliferation, failing to produce critical cytokines including interleukins 2 and 4. The absence of ICOS also impaired the ability of T cells to direct the appropriate humoral response to antigens, indicating its importance in promoting T cell-B cell collaboration. The findings are summarized by Schwartz, who suggests that this costimulatory molecule has important implications in allergic reactions and the inflammatory response in humans. Dong, C., Juedes, A.E., Temann, U.-A., Shresta, S., Allison, J.P., Ruddle, N.H., and Flavell, R.A. (2000) ICOS co-stimulatory receptor is essential for T-cell activation and function. Nature 409 : 97-101. [Online Journal] McAdam, A.J., Greenwald, R.J., Levin, M.A., Chernova, T., Malenkovich, N., Ling, V., Freeman, G.J., and Sharpe, A.H. (2000) ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching. Nature 409 : 102-105. [Online Journal] Tafuri, A., Shahinian, A., Bladt, F., Yoshinaga, S.K., Jordana, M., Wakeham, A., Boucher, L.-M., Bouchard, D., Chan, V.S.F., Duncan, G., Odermatt, B., Ho, A., Itie, A., Horan, T., Whoriskey, J.S., Pawson, T., Penninger, J.M., Ohashi, P.S., and Mak, T.W. (2000) ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses. Nature 409 : 105-109. [Online Journal] Schwartz, R.H. (2000) It takes more than two to tango. Nature 409 : 31-32. [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2000
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2000, No. 43 ( 2000-08)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2000, No. 43 ( 2000-08)
    Abstract: Notch is a transmembrane receptor for the transmembrane ligands Delta and Jagged (also known as Serrate). Signaling by Notch is important for establishing boundaries during development (see accompanying article by Fortini). Fringe modifies Notch signaling when expressed in Notch-expressing cells. Two groups, Brückner et al . and Moloney et al ., show that Fringe is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the elongation of O -linked fucose residues on the epidermal growth factor repeats of the Notch receptor. Brückner et al . show that coexpression of Fringe and Notch enhances the interaction between Notch and Delta and that the glycosyltransferase activity of Fringe is essential for this activity. Moloney et al . show that when Notch is modified by Fringe, activation of Notch by Jagged1 is inhibited. Thus, carbohydrate modification of the Notch receptor fine-tunes the cellular responsiveness to Notch ligands, allowing the establishment of discrete boundaries of Notch signaling. Carbohydrate modification represents a novel mechanism of regulating receptor-ligand interactions. Fortini, M.E. (2000) Fringe benefits to carbohydrates. Nature 406 : 357-358. [Online Journal] Brückner, K., Perez, L., Clausen, H., and Cohen, S. (2000) Glycosyltransferase activity of Fringe modulates Notch-Delta interactions. Nature 406 : 411-415. [Online Journal] Moloney, D.J., Panin, V.M., Johnston, S.H., Chen, J., Shao, L., Wilson, R., Wang, Y., Stanley, P., Irvine, K.D., Haltiwanger, R.S., and Vogt, T.F. (2000) Fringe is a glycosyltransferase that modifies Notch. Nature 406 : 369-375. [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2003
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2003, No. 186 ( 2003-06-10)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2003, No. 186 ( 2003-06-10)
    Abstract: Two groups (Yamamoto et al. and Anest et al. ) show that one of the kinases, IKKα, in the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex binds the promoters of specific genes regulated by signals, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that stimulate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity. IKKα, in response to TNF-α treatment of cultured cells, accumulated in the nucleus and bound to NF-κB-regulated gene promoters such as in the interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 genes and the IκBα gene. Furthermore, IKKα stimulated phosphorylation of histone 3 on serine 10, and in cells deficient in IKKα histone phosphorylation was decreased and TNF-α-stimulated expression of NF-κB-regulated genes was diminished. Thus, the function of IKKα appears to have expanded beyond its role in activating latent NF-κB to a role in directly phosphorylating the promoters of selected genes to contribute to stimulation of gene expression (see Israël). Y. Yamamoto, U. N. Verma, S. Prajapati, Y.-T. Kwak, R. B. Gaynor, Histone H3 phosphorylation by IKK-α is critical for cytokine-induced gene expression. Nature 423 , 655-659 (2003). [Online Journal] V. Anest, J. L. Hanson, P. C. Cogswell, K. A. Steinbrecher, B. D. Strahl, A. S. Baldwin, A nucleosomal function for IκB kinase-α in NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Nature 423 , 659-663 (2003). [Online Journal] A. Israël, A regulator branches out. Nature 423 , 596-597 (2003). [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2000
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2000, No. 58 ( 2000-11-14)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2000, No. 58 ( 2000-11-14)
    Abstract: Two reviews discuss signal pathways that influence the aging process. Finkel and Holbrook cover how oxidants contribute to the aging process, the cellular signaling pathways that lead to altered cellular redox state, and the pathways activated in response to oxidative stress. Guarente and Kenyon describe mechanisms of aging learned from studies in the genetically tractable model systems budding yeast and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans . In yeast, the pathway linking metabolic rate to aging appears to converge at a protein involved in gene silencing. Major pathways identified in C. elegans include the regulation of life-span by hormone signaling and sensory stimulation. Finkel, T., and Holbrook, N.J. (2000) Oxidants, oxidative stress, and the biology of ageing. Nature 408 : 9-17. [Online Journal] Guarente, L., and Kenyon, C. (2000) Genetic pathways that regulate ageing in model organisms. Nature 408 : 25-32. [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2001
    In:  Science's STKE Vol. 2001, No. 77 ( 2001-04-10)
    In: Science's STKE, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 2001, No. 77 ( 2001-04-10)
    Abstract: The biophysical properties of the calcium-release-activated calcium channel ( I CRAC ) are well documented; however, the molecular nature of the channel has remained elusive. Although several candidates have been put forth for this capacitative or store-operated calcium channel, none so far has the unique electrophysiological profile of I CRAC (see Putney). Characterization of the biophysical properties of the CaT1 channel when expressed by transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells suggests that CaT1 may be the elusive channel. Yue et al. show the these transfected cells have a highly selective Ca 2+ channel with the same ion selectivity, permeability to Na + in the absence of divalent cations, single-channel conductance characteristics, and activation by depletion of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores as those reported for I CRAC . J. W. Putney Jr., Channelling calcium. Nature 410 , 648-649 (2001). [Online Journal] L. Yue, J.-B. Peng, M. A. Hediger, D. E. Clapham, CaT1 manifests the pore properties of the calcium-release-activated calcium channel. Nature 410 , 705-709 (2001). [Online Journal]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8882
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001
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