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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection and Reporting of Wireless Channel Congestion and Interference in Connected Vehicle Networks
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 46-58
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 46-58
    Abstract: Connected vehicle (CV) wireless networks based on dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) intelligent transportation systems (ITS-G5), and C-V2X technologies are susceptible to interference from both unintentional emitters and non-CV devices that may be authorized to share the same or adjacent bands. Such interference may lead to unreliable communication and disruption of CV services with a particular impact on safety-related applications. Surprisingly, considering the safety-critical nature of CV applications, there is no simple mechanism for detecting congestion or interference in such networks over wide areas. To address this gap, we propose and demonstrate that both interference and congestion in DSRC and ETSI ITS-G5 networks can be detected simply and inexpensively using capabilities that are already incorporated into the IEEE 802.11p standard, specifically the flags and statistics generated mostly in the physical layer (physical layer convergence procedure and physical medium dependent) state machines. Such a capability could be realized through a relatively minor software upgrade but would resolve a longstanding but underappreciated concern that CV networks are vulnerable to both congestion and a variety of short-range interferers but lack the capability to detect or report this. Although our focus was on DSRC and ITS-G5, similar considerations apply to related schemes such as C-V2X.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221112421
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multicriteria Fuzzy Methodology for Feasibility Study of Transport Projects : Case Study of Southeastern Trans-European Transport Axes
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2048, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 26-34
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2048, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 26-34
    Abstract: This paper presents a multicriteria fuzzy methodology for evaluating the transport network that could better connect the Balkans to the European Union (EU). The Balkan countries have not yet solved the problems related to poverty, unemployment, and development. To address their problems, a comparison study conducted the implementation of Egnatia Way Corridor VIII, and of the Durrës, Albania–Skopje, Macedonia–Thessaloniki, Greece–Kipi, Greece, route as an intermediate solution between the two. A functional comparison is made of the routes not only as physical transport systems, but also as instruments of economic and political development. The proposed approach is a multicriteria fuzzy analysis as developed by G. Munda, the so-called NAIADE (novel approach to imprecise assessment and decision environments) method, to study the possible integration of the Balkan countries (Albania, FYR Macedonia, and Bulgaria) into the EU. This method can be charted on an impact matrix, which contains different numerical values and therefore allows the use of information and data with various degrees of accuracy to determine the most efficient solution among the project alternatives. An equity analysis can also be performed to evaluate the alternative infrastructures the groups involved in the decision-making process will consider. The fuzzy multicriteria methodology will be used to determine whether the more efficient solution among the alternatives is also the fairest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2048-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Market Potential for International Rail-Based Intermodal Services in Europe : From Sea to Shining Sea
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2066, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 21-30
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2066, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 21-30
    Abstract: This paper examines the market potential for international rail-based intermodal services along the REORIENT Corridor, which spans 11 countries from the Baltic (Scandinavia) to the Mediterranean (Greece) through the accession countries of the European Union. The main approach followed in this assessment is to conduct scenario analyses using a state-of-the-art intermodal freight network modeling capability, which allows the evaluation of various service supply strategies under varying operational and policy scenarios. New service design options, developed through a combination of market-based research and expert opinion, are evaluated in regard to the potential addressable market demand and the likelihood of successfully competing for that demand. The analyses provide realistic assessments of the potential competitiveness of rail in attracting freight demand resulting from (a) operational considerations that pertain to the proposed services and (b) implementation of interoperability directives and barrier-removing or barrier-reducing improvements in physical, operational, or managerial aspects and business practices of the rail system that are aimed toward achieving European Commission policy objectives. In addition, the analysis points to characteristics of the demand, which is most likely to shift toward rail, in regard to commodity types and geographic location. The key question the paper seeks to answer is under what operational and policy conditions can pan-European intermodal rail freight services be competitive? Results show that prerequisites for success are a combination of favorable rail policies and the intermodal operations’ high level of service.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2066-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantification of the Potential Health and Environmental Impacts of Active Travel in Dublin, Ireland
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2531, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 129-136
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2531, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 129-136
    Abstract: Many European cities are becoming increasingly dependent on motorized transportation, with impacts ranging from traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions to sedentary lifestyles and an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. The promotion of active modes of travel in urban environments has the potential to mitigate the external costs of motorized transportation and improve the physical and mental well-being of transport users. The present study considered a modal shift to active travel in commuter trips in Dublin, Ireland, and quantified the resultant benefits and detriments to individual transport users and to society. The total impact was found to be strongly positive: the health benefits of increased physical activity dominated the individual benefits, and reductions in noise and congestion were the most significant external benefits. The benefits were partially offset by an increase in the cost of road traffic injuries, particularly nonfatal cyclist injuries. Women, and to a lesser extent men, in the age group 25 to 34 years old were identified as those who made the most driving trips that could be taken on foot or bicycle instead. Although some uncertainties remained, these results made a strong case for policies and investments that make cycling and walking in cities more attractive to alleviate the environmental damage caused by urban transportation and to improve public health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2531-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modal Shift Mechanism in the Transition Period from Bicycle User to Automobile User
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1818, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 83-88
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1818, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 83-88
    Abstract: As motorization spreads worldwide, concern is growing about the adverse effect of automobiles on energy resources and global environmental problems. A way to alleviate excessive dependency on automobiles is to promote bicycle transportation. However, it is difficult to increase bicycle usage except in some European countries, such as the Netherlands. In Japan the bicycle is commonly used from childhood through high school, but a rapid shift to the automobile takes place at college age. College students were surveyed by questionnaire on their bicycle use patterns and automobile ownership, along with bicycle use in their hometowns. The statistical analysis shows various relationships among population size of hometowns, regional characteristics, individual favoritism toward bicycles, financial condition, and so on. A clear difference was found between two groups of hometown regions for present bicycle usage patterns: those from large metropolitan areas and those from smaller regions. The transportation systems in cities and different population sizes influence bicycle use and favoritism toward bicycles, which in turn affects the present bicycle use level. Finally, the study reveals four factors that affect the modal shift from bicycle user to automobile user during the college-age period: physical environment, financial aspects, past experience, and favoritism toward bicycle use. These factors should be incorporated in designing bicycle transportation policy in urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1818-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Transport and Logistics Demand : New Input from Large Surveys of Shippers in France
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2168, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 71-77
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2168, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 71-77
    Abstract: Freight transport is closely linked to industrial and commercial activities and can be seen as a fully integrated element of the production process. Shipper production and logistic constraints play an important role in the choice of transport solutions. However, there are few statistics on which to base an analysis of the relationship between transport and its production- and logistics-related determinants. Two large national surveys were undertaken in France to provide new empirical data. The methodological aspects of these surveys—the 1988 shipper survey and the 2004 survey by the European Community Humanitarian Office—are presented. The use of the shipment as the measurement unit instead of the usual tonne or tonne-kilometer approach is one of the major innovations of these surveys that provide new statistical insight. Another particularity is the tracking of the shipment and the identification of each transport leg and operator involved in the shipment. The entire transport chain, physical and organizational, is described. A selection of results, indicators, and trends is presented with a focus on the main changes in recent years, on the basis of a comparison between the two data sets. Special attention is paid to the relationship between transport choices and the production characteristics of sites and the increasing spatial and temporal fragmentation of shipments, which makes the choice of modes other than the road increasingly difficult.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2168-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Analyzing Heavy Goods Vehicle Data Collected on Main Road Network in Greece
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1809, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 110-115
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1809, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 110-115
    Abstract: The work described concerns the first major study on heavy goods vehicles operating on the trans-European links in Greek territory. The study period coincides with a period in which major development in the national road network took place that required the support by specific studies concerning pavement design, road management, and toll collection. Data were collected at seven specific sites on the main axes of the main national roads. A total of about 3,053,116 records at all sites were collected concerning all vehicle categories. Data were collected using permanent weigh-in-motion (WIM) instrumentation with either rigid or flexible sensors. In addition, comparison measurements were taken from high-speed and low-speed WIM systems to examine the validity of the above systems to be used in law enforcement for overloaded vehicles. Analysis of the data revealed that the initial sets included a series of counts that were not reliable. False data were detected by imposing various physical or technical filters. The consistency of the remaining good-quality data was examined by using simple analysis techniques. In the final stage of the work much emphasis was given in the development of a comprehensive database of WIM measurements. This database is unique for the Greek national road network and is a necessary step in order to provide useful information and support future actions in the area of pavement design and maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1809-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Increasing Rail Demand by Improving Multimodal Information and Ticketing : Results of the Night & Flight Case Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2117, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 7-13
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2117, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 7-13
    Abstract: Long-distance railway transport is more energy efficient and generates fewer environmental impacts than air and automobile travel. One strategy for increasing rail use is to introduce high-speed rail systems and other railway improvements; however, even with these capital improvements, rail travel may take too long for certain trips. Therefore, another strategy is to increase the use of rail for at least part of a trip (e.g., by replacing a short flight), which could be done by improving intermodal connections (e.g., flight-to-train connections at airports) or by using rail on the outbound trip and air on the return trip (or vice versa). In 2005, CityNightLine, a European night train operator, and Swiss International Air Lines developed a product that combined a night train trip with a flight. This product provided an ideal opportunity to evaluate the socio-institutional barriers to intermodal journeys by eliminating the mid-journey physical transfer present in other air–rail trips. The research surveyed users and nonusers to evaluate the socioinstitutional barriers to intermodal transport using a new product adoption structure. The research found that an effective Internet-based multimodal transport information and reservation system is needed to successfully increase rail travel. This system should provide accurate and complete information about all travel alternatives in a simple package and should enable customers to purchase a single ticket for the entire trip (including local public transport).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2117-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
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