Abstract: Despite rapid socio‐economic development in Kalahari drylands, contemporary research suggests that biodiversity remains important as a component of the complex portfolio of livelihood strategies, as a real and perceived safety net in times of stress, and a key factor of cultural identity. The degree to which the spatially and temporally dynamic nature of biodiversity in drylands influences livelihoods is, however, little studied, particularly in socially complex contemporary rural settlements. Greater understanding in this area is required to allow better‐informed design and implementation of rural development, poverty alleviation and conservation initiatives. This is particularly true in the light of predicted increases in environmental dynamism with climate change. An interdisciplinary approach was used in two environmentally and socially distinct dryland settlements in Botswana, to investigate the extent to which the dynamic biodiverse setting influences contemporary rural livelihoods. Results illustrate that biodiversity, particularly its dynamics, is of critical contemporary importance to rural settlement livelihoods, particularly in times of inner settlement scarcity. Entitlements to biodiversity dynamics were, however, bound up by complex settlement‐specific social, economic and political factors. Unless such contextual within‐settlement dynamics are understood, the relative importance of biodiversity in rural development and poverty alleviation strategies in contemporary Kalahari drylands may be undermined.

Abstract: On a déterminé saisonnièrement la qualité nutritive de la couche herbacée dans les communautés végétales brûlées ou non, pour servir de base à la gestion de l’apport de nourriture. On a utilisé la méthode spectroscopique de la réflexion proche de l’infrarouge et les analyses chimiques humides pour analyser les échantillons d’herbes. On a trouvé des différences de qualité nutritive entre les communautés végétales. La savane à Sporobolus ioclados–Acacia tortilis présentait la meilleure qualité tout au long de l’année. Les communautés végétales des lithosols étaient de piètre qualité. On a relevé les plus hautes concentrations de calcium total et de phosphore total dans la savane à Eragrostis pallens–Burkea africana , en potassium total dans les communautés végétales des lithosols, et en sodium total dans la savane à Sporobolus ioclados–Acacia tortilis et dans la plaine inondable. Le taux optimal Ca:P se trouvait dans la savane à Eragrostis pallens–Burkea africana , brûlée ou non. Dans les terrains non brûlés, le taux K:Na le plus élevé se trouvait dans la savane à Sporobolus ioclados–Acacia tortilis . Les feux augmentaient la qualité nutritive de certaines communautés végétales. En général, seul un pourcentage in vitro de la digestibilité de la matière organique différait significativement entre les communautés végétales brûlées ou non. La qualité nutritive n’augmentait pas significativement chez les communautés végétales des lithosols et des vertisols. Les taux de sels minéraux était semblable dans les communautés végétales fraîchement brûlées. Il faudrait compenser un faible contenu protéinique et minéral par un supplément de nourriture ou de brûlis pour améliorer la condition des animaux.

Abstract: On a réalisé une étude sur Tapinanthus bangwensis dans une plantation du jardin botanique de la Réserve Naturelle d’Amani qui fait partie de la East Usambara Mountain, au nord‐est de la Tanzanie. On a examiné un total de 169 arbres sur quatre transects de 100 mètres sur 50 (5000 m 2 ) chacun, situés à environ 700 mètres l’un de l’autre. On a créé trois transects de traitement dans la forêt claire et un de contrôle dans la canopée fermée. Sur les 101 arbres (81 non indigènes et 20 indigènes) examinés dans la canopée ouverte, T. bangwensis était présent sur 24, 18 non indigènes et six indigènes. Parmi les espèces infestées, une espèce non indigène, Grevillea robusta , était la plus commune (37,4%), suivie par une espèce indigène, mzindanguruwe ( Blighia unijugata ) avec 16,6%. Des tests de χ 2 ont montré qu’il n’y avait pas de différence significative dans les fréquences d’infestation des espèces indigènes et non indigènes (χ 2 = 0,715, P = 0,5826). Les tests de t ont montré que T. bangwensis préférait les arbres plus hauts et plus gros ( t = ‐ 3,930, P = 0,0002 et t = ‐ 2,416, P = 0,0175, respectivement). On n’a pas trouvé de T. bangwensis sur les 68 arbres examinés en canopée fermée.

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