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  • Articles  (26)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (5)
  • The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)  (4)
  • The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (2)
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  • Articles  (26)
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  • 1
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    The Impact of Sea-level Rise on Snowy Plovers in Florida: Integrating Geomorphological, Habitat, and Metapopulation Models (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-10
    Description: Sea-level rise is a projected consequence of global climate change that will result in complex changes in coastal ecosystems. These changes will cause transitions among coastal habitat types, which will be compounded by human-made barriers to the gradual inland migration of these habitat types. The effect of these changes on the future viability of coastal species will depend on the habitat requirements and population dynamics of these species. Thus, realistic assessments of the impact of sea-level rise (SLR) require linking geomorphological models with habitat and population models. In this study, we implemented a framework that allows this linkage, and demonstrated its feasibility to assess the effect of SLR on the viability of the Snowy Plover population in Florida. The results indicate that SLR will cause a decline in suitable habitat and carrying capacity for this species, and an increase in the risk of its extinction and decline. The model projected that the population size will decline faster than the area of habitat or carrying capacity, demonstrating the necessity of incorporating population dynamics in assessing the impacts of SLR on coastal species. The results were most sensitive to uncertainties in survival rate and fecundity, and suggested that future studies on this species should focus on the average and variability of these demographic rates and their dependence on population density. The effect of SLR on this species’ viability was qualitatively similar with most alternative models that used the extreme values of each uncertain parameter, indicating that the results are robust to uncertainties in the model.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 2
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    Catalytic strategy of myosin ATPase [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: Myosin is a molecular motor responsible for biological motions such as muscle contraction and intracellular cargo transport, for which it hydrolyzes adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Early steps of the mechanism by which myosin catalyzes ATP hydrolysis have been investigated, but still missing are the structure of the final ADP·inorganic phosphate (Pi)...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Species-specific Activation of Human TRPA1 by Protons [Neurobiology] (2013)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: The surveillance of acid-base homeostasis is concerted by diverse mechanisms, including an activation of sensory afferents. Proton-evoked activation of rodent sensory neurons is mainly mediated by the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 and acid-sensing ion channels. In this study, we demonstrate that extracellular acidosis activates and sensitizes the human irritant receptor TRPA1 (hTRPA1). Proton-evoked membrane currents and calcium influx through hTRPA1 occurred at physiological acidic pH values, were concentration-dependent, and were blocked by the selective TRPA1 antagonist HC030031. Both rodent and rhesus monkey TRPA1 failed to respond to extracellular acidosis, and protons even inhibited rodent TRPA1. Accordingly, mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons lacking TRPV1 only responded to protons when hTRPA1 was expressed heterologously. This species-specific activation of hTRPA1 by protons was reversed in both mouse and rhesus monkey TRPA1 by exchange of distinct residues within transmembrane domains 5 and 6. Furthermore, protons seem to interact with an extracellular interaction site to gate TRPA1 and not via a modification of intracellular N-terminal cysteines known as important interaction sites for electrophilic TRPA1 agonists. Our data suggest that hTRPA1 acts as a sensor for extracellular acidosis in human sensory neurons and should thus be taken into account as a yet unrecognized transduction molecule for proton-evoked pain and inflammation. The species specificity of this property is unique among known endogenous TRPA1 agonists, possibly indicating that evolutionary pressure enforced TRPA1 to inherit the role as an acid sensor in human sensory neurons.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 4
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    Sca-1 expression defines developmental stages of mouse pDCs that show functional heterogeneity in the endosomal but not lysosomal TLR9 response (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-07
    Description: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity and were shown to be identical to previously described natural IFN-α-producing (NIP) cells. Here, we describe two functionally distinct pDC subpopulations that are characterized by the differential expression of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1; Ly-6A/E). Sca-1 − pDCs are mainly found in the bone marrow, appear first during development, show a higher proliferative activity and represent the more precursor phenotype. Sca-1 + pDCs are mostly located in secondary lymphoid organs and represent a later developmental stage. Sca-1 − pDCs give rise to a Sca-1 + subset upon activation or in response to endogenous type I IFN. Interestingly, in contrast to Sca-1 − pDCs, Sca-1 + pDCs are defective in IFN-α production upon endosomal TLR9 stimulation, whereas lysosomal signaling via TLR9 is functional in both subsets. Gene expression analysis revealed that osteopontin (Opn) is strongly upregulated in Sca-1 − pDCs. These data provide evidence for the molecular basis of the observed functional heterogeneity, as the intracellular isoform of Opn couples TLR9 signaling to IFN-α expression. Taken together, our results indicate that Sca-1 − pDCs are an early developmental stage of pDCs with distinct innate functions representing the true murine NIP cell.
    Print ISSN: 0014-2980
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4141
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    catena-Poly[[(tetrahydrofuran-κO)potassium]-μ-(η5:η5)-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1-n-pentylcyclopentadienyl] (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-10
    Description: The title compound, [K(C 14 H 23 )(C 4 H 8 O)] n , comprises zigzag chains of alternating bridging 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1- n -pentylcyclopentadienyl ligands and potassium ions, with an ancillary tetrahydrofuran ligand in the coordination environment of potassium. The coordination polymer strands so formed extend by 2 1 screw symmetry in the b -axis direction. The chemically modified cyclopentadienyl ligand, with a tethered n -pentyl group, was synthesized from 2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopent-2-enone by a Grignard reaction.
    Print ISSN: 0108-2701
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-5759
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).
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  • 6
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    Common climatic signal from glaciers in the European Alps over the last 50 years (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-29
    Description: Conventional glacier-wide mass balances are commonly used to study the effect of climate forcing on glacier melt. Unfortunately, the glacier-wide mass balances are also influenced by the glacier's dynamic response. Investigations on the effects of climate forcing on glaciers can be largely improved by analyzing point mass balances. Using a statistical model, we have found that 52% of the year-to-year deviations in the point mass balances of six glaciers distributed across the entire European Alps can be attributed to a common variability. Point mass balance changes reveal remarkable regional consistencies reaching 80% for glaciers less than 10 km apart. Compared to the steady-state conditions of the 1962-1982 period, the surface mass balance changes are -0.85 m w.e. a -1 for 1983-2002 and -1.63 m w.e. a -1 for 2003-2013. This indicates a clear and regionally consistent acceleration of mass loss over recent decades over the entire European Alps.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    NODE and SOX-2 promote natural reprogramming [Developmental Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-25
    Description: Differentiated cells can be forced to change identity, either to directly adopt another differentiated identity or to revert to a pluripotent state. Direct reprogramming events can also occur naturally. We recently characterized such an event in Caenorhabditis elegans, in which a rectal cell switches to a neuronal cell. Here we have used this single-cell paradigm to investigate the molecular requirements of direct cell-type conversion, with a focus on the early steps. Our genetic analyses revealed the requirement of sem-4/Sall, egl-27/Mta, and ceh-6/Oct, members of the NODE complex recently identified in embryonic stem (ES) cells, and of the OCT4 partner sox-2, for the initiation of this natural direct reprogramming event. These four factors have been shown to individually impact on ES cell pluripotency; however, whether they act together to control cellular potential during development remained an open question. We further found that, in addition to acting at the same time, these factors physically associate, suggesting that they could act together as a NODE-like complex during this in vivo process. Finally, we have elucidated the functional domains in EGL-27/MTA that mediate its reprogramming activity in this system and have found that modulation of the posterior HOX protein EGL-5 is a downstream event to allow the initiation of Y identity change. Our data reveal unique in vivo functions in a natural direct reprogramming event for these genes that impact on ES cells pluripotency and suggest that conserved nuclear events could be shared between different cell plasticity phenomena across phyla.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Phase transition and metallization of FeO at high pressures and temperatures (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-16
    Description: Wüstite, Fe1-xO, is an important component in the mineralogy of Earth's lower mantle and may also be a component of the core. Therefore its high pressure-temperature behavior, including its electronic structure, is essential to understanding the nature and evolution of Earth's deep interior. We performed X-ray diffraction and radiometric measurements on wüstite in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, finding an insulator-metal transition at high pressures and temperatures. Our data show a negative slope for this apparently isostructural phase boundary, which is characterized by a volume decrease and emissivity increase. The metallic phase of FeO is stable at conditions of the lower mantle and core, which has implications for the high P-T character of Fe-O bonds, magnetic field propagation, and lower mantle conductivity.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Feasibility of semiquantitative liver perfusion assessment by ferucarbotran bolus injection in double-contrast hepatic MRI (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-16
    Description: Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of semiquantitative measurement of liver perfusion from analysis of ferucarbotran induced signal-dynamics in double-contrast liver MR-imaging (DC-MRI). Materials and Methods: In total 31 patients (21 men; 58 ± 10 years) including 18 patients with biopsy proven liver cirrhosis prospectively underwent clinically indicated DC-MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) with dynamic T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging after ferucarbotran bolus injection. Breathing artefacts in tissue and input time curves were reduced by Savitzky-Golay-filtering and semiquantitative perfusion maps were calculated using a model free approach. Hepatic blood flow index (HBFI) and splenic blood flow index (SBFI) were determined by normalization of arbitrary perfusion values to the perfusion of the erector spinae muscle resulting in a semiquantitative perfusion measure. Results: In 30 of 31 patients the evaluated protocol could successfully be applied. Mean HBF was 7.7 ± 2.46 (range, 4.6–12.8) and mean SBF was 13.20 ± 2.57 (range, 8.5–17.8). A significantly lower total HBF was seen in patients with cirrhotic livers as compared to patients with noncirrhotic livers ( P 〈 0.05). In contrast, similar SBF was observed in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients ( P = 0.11). Conclusion: Capturing the signal dynamics during bolus injection of ferucarbotran in DC-MRI of the liver allows for semiquantitative assessment of hepatic perfusion that may be helpful for a more precise characterisation of liver cirrhosis and focal liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1053-1807
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2586
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Characterization of the CagA-CagF Interaction [Molecular Biophysics] (2013)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: CagA is a virulence factor that Helicobacter pylori inject into gastric epithelial cells through a type IV secretion system where it can cause gastric adenocarcinoma. Translocation is dependent on the presence of secretion signals found in both the N- and C-terminal domains of CagA and an interaction with the accessory protein CagF. However, the molecular basis of this essential protein-protein interaction is not fully understood. Herein we report, using isothermal titration calorimetry, that CagA forms a 1:1 complex with a monomer of CagF with nm affinity. Peptide arrays and isothermal titration calorimetry both show that CagF binds to all five domains of CagA, each with μm affinity. More specifically, a coiled coil domain and a C-terminal helix within CagF contacts domains II-III and domain IV of CagA, respectively. In vivo complementation assays of H. pylori with a double mutant, L36A/I39A, in the coiled coil region of CagF showed a severe weakening of the CagA-CagF interaction to such an extent that it was nearly undetectable. However, it had no apparent effect on CagA translocation. Deletion of the C-terminal helix of CagF also weakened the interaction with CagA but likewise had no effect on translocation. These results indicate that the CagA-CagF interface is distributed broadly across the molecular surfaces of these two proteins to provide maximal protection of the highly labile effector protein CagA.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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