Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS -- 1 John Houghton (2001), 'The Science of Global Warming', Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 26, pp. 247-57. -- 2 Brent Sohngen and Robert Mendelsohn (1998), 'Valuing the Impact of Large-Scale Ecological Change in a Market: The Effect of Climate Change on U.S. Timber', American Economic Review, 88, pp. 686-710. -- 3 Kenneth D. Frederick and David C. Major (1997), 'Climate Change and Water Resources', Climatic Change, 37, pp. 7-23. -- 4 Gary Yohe and Michael Schlesinger (2002), 'The Economic Geography of the Impacts of Climate Change', Journal of Economic Geography, 2, pp. 311-41. -- 5 Allan D. Brunner (2002), 'El Nino and World Primary Commodity Prices: Warm Water or Hot Air?', Review of Economics and Statistics, 84, pp. 176-83. -- 6 Robert Mendelsohn, William D. Nordhaus and Daigee Shaw (1994), 'The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis', American Economic Review, 84, pp. 753-71. -- 7 John Quiggin and John K. Horowitz (1999), 'The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis: Comment', American Economic Review, 89, pp. 1044-45. -- 8 Robert Mendelsohn and William Nordhaus (1999), 'The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis: Reply', American Economic Review, 89, pp. 1046-48. -- 9 Roy Darwin (1999), 'The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis: Comment', American Economic Review, 89, pp. 1049-52. -- 10 Robert Mendelsohn and William Nordhaus (1999), 'The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis: Reply', American Economic Review, 89, pp. 1053-55. -- PART II EVALUATING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION. , 11 William D. Nordhaus (1993), 'Rolling the "DICE": An Optimal Transition Path for Controlling Greenhouse Gases', Resource and Energy Economics, 15, pp. 27-50. -- 12 Richard S.J. Tol (1999), 'The Marginal Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions', Energy Journal, 20, pp. 61-81. -- 13 Tim Roughgarden and Stephen H. Schneider (1999), 'Climate Change Policy: Quantifying Uncertainties for Damages and Optimal Carbon Taxes', Energy Policy, 27, pp. 415-29. -- 14 Lawrence H. Goulder and Koshy Mathai (2000), 'Optimal C02 Abatement in the Presence of Induced Technological Change', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 39, pp. 1-38. -- 15 Charles D. Kolstad (1996), 'Learning and Stock Effects in Environmental Regulation: The Case of Greenhouse Gas Emissions', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 31, pp. 1-18. -- 16 Christian Azar and Thomas Sterner (1996), 'Discounting and Distributional Considerations in the Context of Global Warming', Ecological Economics, 19, pp. 169-84. -- 17 Richard B. Howarth (2000), 'Climate Change and the Representative Agent', Environmental and Resource Economics, 15, pp. 135-48. -- 18 Thomas C. Schelling (1995), 'Intergenerational Discounting', Energy Policy, 23, pp. 395-401. -- 19 T.M.L. Wigley, R. Richels and J.A. Edmonds (1996), 'Economic and Environmental Choices in the Stabilization of Atmospheric C02 Concentrations', Nature, 379, pp. 240-43. -- 20 Zhongxiang Zhang (2000), 'Decoupling China's Carbon Emissions Increase from Economic Growth: An Economic Analysis and Policy Implications', World Development, 28, pp. 739-52. -- 21 Robert C. Hyman, John M. Reilly, Mustafa H. Babiker, Ardoin De Masin and Henry D. Jacoby (2003), 'Modeling N on-C02 Greenhouse Gas Abatement', Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 8, pp. 175-86. , 22 Richard G. Newell and Robert N. Stavins (2000), 'Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 40, pp. 211-35. -- 23 Andrew J. Plantinga, Thomas Mauldin and Douglas J. Miller (1999), 'An Econometric Analysis of the Costs of Sequestering Carbon in Forests', American Journal of Agricultural Economics', 81, pp. 812-24. -- PART III POLICY DESIGN FOR GHG MITIGATION -- 24 Ian W.H. Parry and Roberton C. Williams III (1999), 'A Second-Best Evaluation of Eight Policy Instruments to Reduce Carbon Emissions', Resource and Energy Economics, 21, pp. 347-73. -- 25 William A. Pizer (2002), 'Combining Price and Quantity Controls to Mitigate Global Climate Change', Journal of Public Economics, 85, pp. 409-34. -- 26 Michael Grubb (1997), 'Technologies, Energy Systems and the Timing of C02 Emissions Abatement: An Overview of Economic Issues', Energy Policy, 25, pp. 159-72. -- 27 Adam B. Jaffe and Robert N. Stavins (1994), 'Energy-Efficiency Investments and Public Policy', Energy Journal, 15, pp. 43-65. -- 28 P.R. Shukla (1996), 'The Modelling of Policy Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in India', Ambio, 25, pp. 240-48. -- 29 Scott Barrett (1998), 'Political Economy of the Kyoto Protocol', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14, pp. 20-39. -- 30 Adam Rose, Brandt Stevens, Jae Edmonds and Marshall Wise (1998),' International Equity and Differentiation in Global Warming Policy: An Application to Tradeable Emission Permits', Environmental and Resource Economics, 12, pp. 25-51. -- 31 Zili Yang (1999), 'Should the North Make Unilateral Technology Transfers to the South? North-South Cooperation and Conflicts in Responses to Global Climate Change', Resource and Energy Economics, 21, pp. 67-87. , 32 Mustafa Babiker, John M. Reilly and Henry D. Jacoby (2000), 'The Kyoto Protocol and Developing Countries', Energy Policy, 28, pp. 525-36. -- Name Index.

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Activism! Toward a More Radical Science and Technology Education -- Navigating the Contemporary -- Building a Collection -- A Brief Overview of the Collection -- Framing a More Radical Approach to Science and Technology Education -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked in Relation to Contemporary Economic, Social, Ecological and Ma... -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked as Political Practice -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked to Support Learners as Subjects in Change and Not Objects of Ch... -- Science and Technology Education Should Be Critically Reworked as Moral and Ethical Praxis -- Partialities and Possibilities -- References -- Part I: Constituting Theories -- Preamble -- Chapter 2: The Elephant in the Room: Science Education, Neoliberalism and Resistance -- Opening -- Foucault´s Neoliberalism -- Occupy Wall Street: The Incessancy of Resistance -- Science Education, Neoliberalism and Activism/Resistance -- Not an Ending but a Beginning -- References -- Chapter 3: Science Education as a Site for Biopolitical Engagement and the Reworking of Subjectivities: Theoretical Considerat... -- A Context for Science Education -- Biopolitics and Biopower -- The ``Making of Subjects´´ -- Biopolitics and Subjectivities in Science Education -- Racisms, Colonialisms and the Power to Make Die -- Neoliberal Subjectivity -- Sex/Gender and Sexuality -- The ``Ethical Subject´´ in Science Education -- The Biosubject of Biotechnology -- Biopolitics as a Path Forward -- References -- Chapter 4: A Critical Pedagogy for STEM Education -- Introduction -- Global Capitalism -- STEM and Activism in Education -- STEM Education, Research and Practice -- A Critical Pedagogy for STEM Education -- Community and Revolution. , Theoretical Freestyle -- Analytical Freestyle in Science Education -- Closing Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Becoming Part of the Solution: Learning about Activism, Learning through Activism, Learning from Activism -- Making the Case for an Action-Oriented Science Curriculum -- Building a Curriculum: Learning About the Issues -- Building a Curriculum: Learning to Care -- Engaging Emotions, Managing Emotions -- Building a Curriculum: Learning to Act -- Learning about, through and from Action -- Apprenticeship in Activism -- Further Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6: From Promoting the Techno-sciences to Activism - A Variety of Objectives Involved in the Teaching of SSIs -- Variation in Educational Objectives -- The Implications of the Educational Choices on SSIs -- Institutional Activism in Agricultural Education in France -- Scientific, Humanistic and Political Education -- References -- Chapter 7: Hopeful Practices: Activating and Enacting the Pedagogical and Political Potential in Crisis -- Science, Technology, and Society Education (STSE) -- Understanding and Learning from Crisis -- Learning from and Through Crisis: Opportunities -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Using Collaborative Inquiry to Better Understand Teaching and Learning -- Science Curricula as a Central Factor in the Reform of Science Education -- Chapter Overview -- Changing Faces of Research and Science Education -- Dealing with Difference in Research on Teaching and Learning -- Participants Doing Research to Understand and Improve Practice -- Listening to and Learning from Others´ Voices -- Learning to Teach from and with Others -- Searching for and Learning from Spikes in the Curve -- Authentic Inquiry as an Overarching Methodology -- Reflections on the Changing Faces of My Research Methodologies -- References. , Chapter 9: From Knowledge to Action? Re-embedding Science Learning Within the Planet´s Web -- Introduction -- Complex Problems and the Role of Science and Technology -- A Critical Role for Science Education -- The Outline of a Science for Sustainability -- Acquiring Consciousness of Limits -- Opening Up Towards Dialogue -- The Thinking of the `Others´ -- Enhancing Life Through Cultural Diversity -- Redefining Science Education? -- From Objective and Objectifying Knowledge to a Science of Relationships -- Dealing with Conflict -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Education for Sustainable Contraction as Appropriate Response to Global Heating -- The Heating Is Happening -- Denial and Cognitive Dissonance in Response to Global Heating -- Denial and Cognitive Dissonance in the Field of Education for Sustainable Development -- Education for Sustainable Contraction (ESC): Nailing Nine Propositions to the Laboratory Door -- References -- Chapter 11: Learning to Let Go of Sustainability -- Introduction -- Sustainability as Restoring -- The Paradox of Sustainable Development -- To Hold onto, or to Let Go? -- Sustainability as Returning -- Romanticizing the Return? -- Resisting the Return -- Complicating the Return -- Learning to Let Go of Sustainability -- Letting Go of Sustainability -- Remembering Forward as a Different Way of Being in the World -- Coda: The Glass Jar -- References -- Part II: The Public Sphere -- Preamble -- Chapter 12: Street Medicine as a Science Education for Activists -- Know Your Street Medics -- States of Emergency: Where Only Street Medics Dare to Tread -- Street Medicine and the State of Exception -- Street Medicine Is Education -- The Street and the School -- References -- Chapter 13: Why Science Education Mediates the Way We Eat -- Introduction -- Neoliberalism in Science Education, In Brief. , A Pocket of Resistance-Local and Organic Food -- Organic Farmers´ Market Culture -- A Responsibly Nurtured Organic Place -- Local Knowledge -- Interdisciplinary Knowledge -- Change and Adaptability -- Embodied Change and Positionality -- Environmental Condition -- A Market Creates a Relationship with Food -- A Critique of Neoliberalism -- Implications for School Science -- References -- Chapter 14: From-Within-the-Event: A Post-constructivist Perspective on Activism, Ethics, and Science Education -- Environmental Activism at Work -- Transforming the Practices in One Municipality -- Science Education as/for Participation in the Community -- The Morality of Community-Based Activism: Is It Something to Feel Good About? -- From Activism to the Eventness of Events -- Activism -- From-Within-the-Event or the Eventness of Events -- Activism and Ethics -- Classically Understood -- From-Within-the-Event -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: #OccupyTech -- The Rise of Internetworked Social Movements -- Prefigurative Politics and Technology -- Hacking the Technical Code -- The Repertoire of Electronic Contention -- OccupyTech -- Disruptive Technologies: Building Tools for Revolution -- Communications -- From Technology to Technique: Prefiguring Change -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Trajectories of Socioscientific Issues in News Media: Looking into the Future -- Introduction -- The ``Black Box´´ of News Media -- The Media and Presentations of Science -- Influence of Media -- Manipulations of the Media -- Commercial Interests of the Media -- The Competency and Practices of Journalists -- Prelude to a News Story -- The J-School Experience: Insights into Media Practices Reporting Science -- Modifiers and ``Verbs of Saying´´ -- Being the ``Instant Expert´´ -- The Reducibility of Complex Relationships -- Production of a News Story. , Demonstrating the Need for Science Journalist Experts in News Media -- Connections Between the SMCC Anecdote and the Radio Workshop -- Copy Story Modification -- Analysis of Copy Story Modifications -- The Media Making Sense of Science: A Case Study of Two Publications -- Conclusions and Implications About Science in the News Media -- Implications for Understanding Science from the News Media -- Looking at the Preparation of Journalists -- Implications of Using News Media in the Classroom for Studying Socioscientific Issues -- References -- Chapter 17: The Perils, Politics, and Promises of Activist Science -- Introduction -- The Perils of Activist Science -- Historical Lessons from Ecology -- A View from the Front Lines -- All Science Is Political, but Politics Are Complicated -- Activism and Power -- References -- Chapter 18: Passive No More -- Introduction -- Awakening Dissonance -- Activism for Inaction, a Complacency That Will Kill and Destroy -- Growing Up on an Overheated Planet -- The Neoliberal Activist Attack on Climate Science and the Environment -- Disclosing Power, the Courtiers to Climate Disaster -- Reinventing Participatory Democracy -- Developing a Skeptical Way of Reading the Media -- Whose Long-Term Interests Are Being Served? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Joining Up and Scaling Up: Analyzing Resistance to Canada´s ``Dirty Oil´´ -- Activism Against the Oilsands -- Aboriginal Activism -- Environmental Activism -- Religiously-Based Activism -- Labour Activism -- Growing the Movement (Horizontally and Vertically) -- Joining Up: Creating Coalitions Among Unlikely Allies -- Scaling Up: Crossing Borders -- Building Cross-Organizational, Cross-Border Consensus -- Assessing the Movement´s Strengths and Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Elementary and Secondary Education -- Preamble. , Chapter 20: We Got Involved and We Got to Fix It!: Action-Oriented School Science.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Section I Single Use Plastics -- Chapter 1 Scientometric Analysis of Microplastics across the Globe -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.3.1 Trends in Scientific Production and Citations -- 1.3.2 Top Funding Agencies -- 1.3.3 Top 10 Global Affiliations -- 1.3.4 Top Countries -- 1.3.5 Top 10 Databases and Journals -- 1.3.6 Top 10 Published Articles -- 1.3.7 Top 10 Author Keywords and Research Areas -- 1.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Microplastic Pollution in the Polar Oceans - A Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Plastics -- 2.1.2 Plastic Pollution -- 2.1.3 Microplastics -- 2.1.4 Importance of Microplastic Pollution in the Polar Oceans -- 2.2 Polar Regions -- 2.2.1 General -- 2.2.2 Sea Ice -- 2.2.3 Water -- 2.2.4 Sediments -- 2.2.5 Biota -- 2.3 Future Perspectives -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Microplastics - Global Scenario -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environmental Issues of Plastic Waste -- 3.3 Coprocessing of Plastic Waste in Cement Kilns -- 3.3.1 Cost of Plants to Convert Plastic Waste to Refused-Derived Fuel (RDF) -- 3.4 Disposal of Plastic Waste Through Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT) -- 3.4.1 Merits of PPT -- 3.5 Constraints on the Use of Plastic Waste Disposal Technologies -- 3.6 Alternate to Conventional Petro-based Plastic Carry Bags and Films -- 3.7 Improving Waste Management -- 3.7.1 Phasing Out Microplastics -- 3.7.2 Promoting Research into Alternatives -- 3.7.3 Actions and Resolutions -- References -- Chapter 4 The Single-Use Plastic Pandemic in the COVID-19 Era -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Methods -- 4.2.1 Data Sources -- 4.2.2 Estimation of the General population's Daily Use of Face Masks. , 4.2.3 Estimation of the Daily Amount of Medical Waste in Hospitals -- 4.3 Trends in Production and Consumption of SUPs during the Pandemic -- 4.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment -- 4.3.2 Packaging SUPs -- 4.3.2.1 Trends in Plastic Waste Generation, Management, and Environmental Fate during the COVID-19 Era -- 4.4 SUP Waste from the Pandemic -- 4.4.1 Environmental Impacts from SUP Waste -- 4.4.2 Management of SUP Waste -- 4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Section II Microplastics in the Aerosphere -- Chapter 5 Atmospheric Microplastic Transport -- 5.1 The Phenomenon of Microplastic Transport -- 5.2 Factors Affecting Microplastic Transport -- 5.2.1 Types of MPs -- 5.2.2 Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics Emitters -- 5.2.3 Meteorological Conditions -- 5.2.4 Altitude and Surface Roughness -- 5.2.5 Microplastic Deposition Processes in the Ocean -- 5.2.6 Microplastics Deposition Processes in the Air -- 5.3 Microplastic Transport Modelling -- 5.3.1 Eulerian Method -- 5.3.2 Lagrangian Method -- References -- Chapter 6 Microplastics in the Atmosphere and Their Human and Eco Risks -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Microplastics in the Atmosphere -- 6.2.1 Size, Shapes, and Colours -- 6.2.2 Chemical Composition -- 6.2.3 Sources of Microplastics -- 6.2.4 Spatial Distribution and Rate of Deposition -- 6.2.5 Effects of Climatic Conditions on MP Distribution -- 6.2.6 Transport Pathways -- 6.2.7 Pollutants Associated with MPs -- 6.3 Impact of Microplastics on Human Health and the Eco Risk -- 6.3.1 Impact on Human Health -- 6.3.2 Eco Risk -- 6.4 Strategies to Minimise Atmospheric MPs through Future Research -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Sampling and Detection of Microplastics in the Atmosphere -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Classification -- 7.3 Sampling Microplastics -- 7.3.1 Sampling Airborne Microplastics. , 7.3.2 Sediment -- 7.3.3 Water -- 7.3.4 Biota -- 7.4 Sample Preparation -- 7.5 Detection and Characterisation of MPs in the Atmosphere -- 7.5.1 Microscopic Techniques for Detecting MPs -- 7.5.1.1 Stereomicroscopy -- 7.5.1.2 Fluorescence Microscopy -- 7.5.1.3 Polarised Optical Microscopy (POM) -- 7.5.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- 7.5.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 7.5.1.6 Hot Needle Technique -- 7.5.1.7 Digital Holography -- 7.5.2 Spectroscopic Techniques for Analysing MPs -- 7.5.2.1 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy -- 7.5.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy -- 7.5.3 Thermal Analysis -- 7.5.3.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) -- 7.5.3.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) -- 7.5.3.3 Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Pyr-GC-MS) -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 8 Sources and Circulation of Microplastics in the Aerosphere - Atmospheric Transport of Microplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Occurrence and Abundance of Atmospheric MP -- 8.1.2 Plastic Polymers and Their Properties -- 8.1.3 Sources and Pathways of MPs in the Atmosphere -- 8.2 Temporal and Spatial Trends in MP Accumulation -- 8.2.1 Roadside MPs -- 8.2.2 Agricultural Fields and Soil -- 8.2.3 Wastewater and Sludge -- 8.2.4 Ocean/Marine Debris -- 8.3 Formation of MPs -- 8.3.1 Physical Weathering -- 8.3.2 Chemical Weathering -- 8.3.3 Biodegradation -- 8.3.4 Photo-thermal Oxidation -- 8.3.5 Thermal Degradation -- 8.4 Atmospheric Circulation, Transport, Suspension, and Deposition -- 8.4.1 Wet Deposition -- 8.4.2 Dry Deposition -- 8.4.3 Urban Dust -- 8.4.4 Suspended Atmospheric MPs -- 8.5 Atmospheric Chemistry of MPs -- 8.6 Predicting MP Dispersion and Transport -- 8.7 Eco-Environmental Impacts -- 8.7.1 Impacts on Human and Wildlife Health -- 8.7.2 Impacts on the Climate -- 8.8 Future Perspectives -- References. , Section III Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment -- Chapter 9 Interaction of Chemical Contaminants with Microplastics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Interactions -- 9.3 Mechanisms -- 9.3.1 Interactions between Organic Contaminants and Microplastics -- 9.3.2 Interactions between Heavy Metals and Microplastics -- 9.3.3 Kinetics of the Sorption Process -- 9.3.4 Pseudo-First-Order Model -- 9.3.5 Pseudo-Second-Order Model -- 9.3.6 Intraparticle Diffusion Model -- 9.3.7 Film Diffusion Model -- 9.3.8 Isotherm Models -- 9.3.9 Langmuir Model -- 9.3.10 Freundlich Model -- 9.4 Environmental Burden of Microplastics -- 9.5 Future Approaches -- References -- Chapter 10 Microplastics in Freshwater Environments -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Microplastics in Rivers and Tributaries -- 10.3 Microplastics in Lakes -- 10.4 Microplastics in Groundwater Sources -- 10.5 Microplastics in Glaciers and Ice Caps -- 10.6 Microplastics in Deltas -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 11 Microplastics in Landfill Leachate: Flow and Transport -- 11.1 Plastics and Microplastics -- 11.2 Microplastics in Landfill Leachate -- 11.3 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment - Effects on Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Sustenance of Marine Life -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment -- 12.2.1 Major Sources -- 12.2.2 Chemical Nature and Distribution Processes -- 12.2.2.1 Chemical Nature -- 12.2.2.2 Distribution Processes -- 12.3 Microplastics and Ocean Carbon Sequestration -- 12.3.1 Ocean Carbon Sequestration -- 12.3.2 Effect of Microplastics on Ocean Carbon Sequestration -- 12.3.2.1 Effect on Phytoplankton Photosynthesis and Growth -- 12.3.2.2 Effect on Zooplankton Development and Reproduction -- 12.3.2.3 Effect on the Marine Biological Pump -- 12.4 Microplastics and Marine Fauna. , 12.4.1 Effects on Corals -- 12.4.2 Effects on Fisheries and Aquaculture -- 12.4.2.1 Shrimp -- 12.4.2.2 Oysters and Mussels -- 12.4.2.3 Fish -- 12.4.3 Effects on Sea Turtles and Sea Birds -- 12.4.4 Effects on Marine Mammals -- 12.5 Microplastic Pollution, Climate Change, and Antibiotic Resistance - A Unique Trio -- 12.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section IV Microplastics in Soil Systems -- Chapter 13 Entry of Microplastics into Agroecosystems: A Serious Threat to Food Security and Human Health -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Sources of Microplastics in Agroecosystems -- 13.2.1 Plastic Mulching -- 13.2.2 Plastic Use in Modern Agriculture -- 13.2.3 Application of Sewage Sludge/Biosolids -- 13.2.4 Compost and Fertilizers -- 13.2.5 Wastewater Irrigation -- 13.2.6 Landfill Sites -- 13.2.7 Atmospheric Deposition -- 13.2.8 Miscellaneous Sources -- 13.3 Implications of Microplastic Contamination on Agroecosystems -- 13.3.1 Implications for Soil Character -- 13.3.2 Implications for Crop Plants and Food Security -- 13.4 Human Health Risks -- 13.5 Knowledge Gaps -- 13.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Migration of Microplastic-Bound Contaminants to Soil and Their Effects -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Microplastics as Sorbing Materials for Hazardous Chemicals -- 14.3 Types of Microplastic-Bound Contaminants in Soils -- 14.3.1 Heavy Metals and Metalloids - Inorganic Contaminants Adsorbed to MPs -- 14.3.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants, Pharmaceuticals, Antibiotics, Pesticides, and Other Organic Contaminants Adsorbed to MPs -- 14.4 Effects of Exposure and Co-exposure in Soil - Consequences of Contaminant Sorption for MP Toxicity and Bioaccumulation -- 14.5 Microplastic-Bound Contaminants in Soils as Potential Threats to Human Health -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 15 Plastic Mulch-Derived Microplastics in Agricultural Soil Systems.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Building the City of Kings: Environmental Consciousness and the Construction of Colonial Lima, Peru, 1535-1625 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Historiography -- Founding the City of Kings -- Urban Growth -- Building Materials -- Environmental Influences on Architecture and Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Articles in Journals -- Conference Proceedings -- Dissertations -- Books -- Edited Books -- Articles in Edited Books -- Electronic Media -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2 -- Makers of Waterscapes: Water Abundance, Discourses and the Market in the Ica and Pampas Basins, Peru -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Scarcity -- Water Scarcity, Development and Discourses -- Huancavelica and the Pampas Basin -- Water Conflict between Ica and Huancavelica and the State Intervention -- Making up Water Scarcity in Ica -- Ica's Discourse on Water Abundance in the Upper Basin -- Peasant Communities, Alpacas and the Market -- Ecosystem Management and Water Use in the Upstream Basin -- Discussion -- Annex N 1. -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 3 -- The Environmental Aspects of Bioenergy Production in Peru -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. A Global Perspective -- 1.2. Bioenergy Context in Peru -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Raw Materials -- 2.2. Processes Description -- 2.2.1. Biodiesel Production -- 2.2.2. Bioethanol Production -- 2.3. Simulation Approach -- 2.4. Environmental Assessment -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Biodiesel Production -- 3.2. Bioethanol Production -- 3.3. Environmental Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Paraguay's Dramatic Land-Use Change in the 20th Century: Concerning Massive Deforestation and Crawling Reforestation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of Deforestation -- 2.1. Eastern Paraguay -- 2.2. Western Paraguay. , 3. National Reserves -- 4. Reasons for Tree Planting -- 5. Reforestation Activities in a Historical Overview -- 5.1. National Efforts (1950s/80s) -- 5.2. Social Plantations (1980-Present) -- 5.3. Corporate Efforts (After 1995) -- 5.4. Out-Grower Schemes (After 2000) -- 5.5. Carbon Forestry (After 2007) -- 6. Main Constraints for Forest Plantations -- 6.1. Legal Insecurity -- 6.2. Centralization -- 6.3. Corruption -- 6.4. Political Will -- 6.5. Problems with Long-Term Loans -- 6.6. Weakness of Institutions -- 6.7. Investigation and Information Deficit -- 6.8. Producers' Attitude -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 5 -- Citizen Participation in the Local Governments of Paraguay through Social Networking Sites -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review, Hypotheses and Research Questions -- Political Ideology -- Citizens' Access to Internet -- Economic Capacity of the Municipality -- Social Networking Activity and Interactivity -- Education Level -- Method -- Phase 1: Sample Selection and Data Collection -- Phase 2: Descriptive Analysis of Citizens' Engagement via Facebook -- Phase 3: Empirical Analysis of Engagement via Facebook -- Results -- Level of Citizens' Engagement Via Local Governments' Facebook Pages in Paraguay -- Factors Influencing Citizens' Engagement Via Local Governments' Facebook Pages -- Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 6 -- Paraguay: Where Corruption and Poverty Hamper Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Poverty Permeates Through Paraguayan Families -- Caazapá Struggles with a Chronic Malnutrition Obstacle -- Empty Rhetoric on the War Against Poverty -- Tape Porã Concession: Example of a Broken System -- Grim Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Assessing Paraguay's Possible Futures -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Is Something Different Now? -- Assessing Possible Futures from Today's Perspective -- What Could be the Next Chapter of Paraguay's History? -- Factors Shaping a New Historical Period -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: The International Climate Regimeand its Driving-Forces: Obstacles and Chances on the Way to a Global Response to the Problem of Climate Change -- Table of content -- Table of figures -- Appendixes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Scientific and economical consequences of anthropogenic climate change -- 2.1. The natural and anthropogenic greenhouse effect -- 2.1.1. The IPCC and its 4th Assessment Report -- 2.1.2. The Stern Review and the economics of climate change -- 3. The regime theory -- 3.1. Three schools of thought within the theory of international regime -- 3.1.1. The interest-based approach -- 3.1.1.1. Two-level games -- 3.1.2. The power-based approach -- 3.1.3. The knowledge-based approach -- 3.2. Application of the three approaches to the issue area of climate change -- 4. The issue area of climate change current climate regime -- 4.1. The current climate change regime -- 4.1.1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -- 4.1.2. The Kyoto-Protocol -- 4.1.2.1. The exit of the USA from the Kyoto Protocol -- 4.1.2.2. Basic weaknesses of the Kyoto Protocol -- 4.1.3. The Bali roadmap -- 4.2. Priorities of the main actors -- 4.2.1. The United States of America -- 4.2.1.1. Obama's New Climate Policy -- 4.2.2. China -- 4.2.2.1. China's plead for consumption-based inventories -- 4.3. International negotiations for a post-2012 agreement in Copenhagen and Cancún -- 5. Analysis of the driving-forces of the climate regime -- 5.1. The effectiveness and robustness of regimes -- 5.2. The driving-forces of the international climate regime and its consequences for the effectiveness of the regime -- 5.2.1. Analysis of the current climate regime -- 5.2.2. Analysis of the negotiations for a post-2012 agreement -- 5.2.3. Outlook regarding the regime's potential future driving-forces -- 5.2.3.1. A shift in Obama's political priority setting. , 5.2.3.2. Developments at the state level in the US -- 5.3. Conclusion -- References -- Monographs -- Scientific papers in omnibus volumes -- Articles in refereed journals -- Scientific publications -- Newspaper and magazine articles -- Internet sources (chronological after usage in the text) -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Appendix 5 -- Appendix 6 -- Appendix 7 -- Appendix 8 -- Appendix 9 -- Appendix 10 -- Appendix 11 -- Appendix 12.