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  • Journals
  • Articles  (11)
  • Open Access-Papers  (11)
  • evolution  (6)
  • Fishing Communities  (5)
  • 1
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    Human management of ongoing evolutionary processes in agroecosystems (2024)
    In:  PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET vol. 2024
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-25
    Description: Long-term food security and agricultural sustainability depend on protecting the eco-evolutionary processes that select for local adaptation in crops. Since seed systems structure how people acquire seed, institutional and social changes influence evolutionary processes within agroecosystems. Since World War II, the rise of professional breeding has bifurcated seed systems into traditional and formal systems, which has negatively affected agrobiodiversity, crop evolution, and agricultural sustainability. In traditional seed systems, farmers often save seed from plants that best provide desired qualities, selecting landrace crop varieties to adapt to local environmental conditions. In formal or centralized seed systems, farmers buy seeds bred primarily for maximizing yield under ideal conditions. When farmers source seeds externally,evolutionary processes underlying local adaptation are disrupted. Here, we argue that traditional seed systems provide important evosystem services, or the evolutionary processes resulting from the maintenance and use of genetic diversity that benefit society. We present a framework on how seed systems influence the evolutionary processes that enable local adaptation, which is necessary for sustainable agriculture. We discuss how changes in human values underlying traditional and formal seed systems can alter evolutionary processes that underlie local adaptation. We conclude that developing policies that support people in managing ecological and evolutionary processes within seed systems is needed to address current and future challenges of global food security and agricultural sustainability.
    Keywords: agriculture ; agroecology ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; evolution ; insects ; landrace ; seed systems
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Samudra Report No.88, December 2022 (2023)
    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-07
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has released the latest edition of its popular fisheries publication – SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. SAMUDRA Report No. 88, dated December 2022, has a special focus on the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022), with reports from several regions of how the year was celebrated as well as the ICSF Statements made at the IYAFA 2022 Asia Workshop. The editorial Comment points to how the abiding message of IYAFA 2022 should be that the social pillar of sustainable development ought to be strengthened to protect the future of lives and livelihoods in the small-scale fisheries subsector. A report from the United Nations Oceans Conference 2022 details how representatives of small-scale fishing communities – the most numerous ocean users –launched a Call to Action in a conerence that brought together two main protagonists: those clamouring for reforms in ocean governance to ‘Save Our Ocean’, and those clamouring for reforms to open up the ‘Blue Economy’. The article from Taiwan says that securing the rights of migrant workers in the nation’s fisheries is an ongoing and evolving process... SAMUDRA Report No. 88 can be accessed at https://www.icsf.net/samudra-articles.php?id=9537
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: ICSF ; Samudra Report ; IYAFA ; SSF Guidelines ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Sustainable Development ; Asia ; COFI ; Nigeria ; Taiwan ; Forced Labour ; Migrant workers ; Livelihoods ; Tamil Nadu ; Shrimp ; India ; Aquaculture ; Bangladesh ; Hilsa ; IPC ; Lake Victoria ; MPA ; Conservation ; Obituary ; Film Festival ; France ; Fishing Communities ; Small-scale Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 68pp.
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  • 3
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    Eight new Halophytophthora species from marine and brackish-water ecosystems in Portugal and an updated phylogeny for the genus (2022)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 48, pp. 54-90
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: During an oomycete survey in December 2015, 10 previously unknown Halophytophthora taxa were isolated from marine and brackish water of tidal ponds and channels in saltmarshes, lagoon ecosystems and river estuaries at seven sites along the Algarve coast in the South of Portugal. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU and ITS datasets, comprising all described Halophytophthora species, the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa and all relevant and distinctive sequences available from GenBank, provided an updated phylogeny of the genus Halophytophthora s.str. showing for the first time a structure of 10 clades designated as Clades 1–10. Nine of the 10 new Halophytophthora taxa resided in Clade 6 together with H. polymorphica and H. vesicula. Based on differences in morphology and temperature-growth relations and a multigene (LSU, ITS, Btub, hsp90, rpl10, tigA, cox1, nadh1, rps10) phylogeny, eight new Halophytophthora taxa from Portugal are described here as H. brevisporangia, H. celeris, H. frigida, H. lateralis, H. lusitanica, H. macrosporangia, H. sinuata and H. thermoambigua. Three species, H. frigida, H. macrosporangia and H. sinuata, have a homothallic breeding system while the remaining five species are sterile. Pathogenicity and litter decomposition tests are underway to clarify their pathological and ecological role in the marine and brackish-water ecosystems. More oomycete surveys in yet undersurveyed regions of the world and population genetic or phylogenomic analyses of global populations are needed to clarify the origin of the new Halophytophthora species.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; breeding system ; ecological role ; evolution ; lifestyle ; oomycetes ; Peronosporaceae ; Phytophthora
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Multiple new Phytophthora species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications (2011)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 26 no. 1, pp. 13-39
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: During surveys of dying vegetation in natural ecosystems and associated waterways in Australia many new taxa have been identified from Phytophthora ITS Clade 6. For representative isolates, the region spanning the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA, the nuclear gene encoding heat shock protein 90 and the mitochondrial cox1 gene were PCR amplified and sequenced. Based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological and physiological comparison, four species and one informally designated taxon have been described; Phytophthora gibbosa, P. gregata, P. litoralis, P. thermophila and P. taxon paludosa. Phytophthora gibbosa, P. gregata and P. taxon paludosa form a new cluster and share a common ancestor; they are homothallic and generally associated with dying vegetation in swampy or water-logged areas. Phytophthora thermophila and P. litoralis are sister species to each other and more distantly to P. gonapodyides. Both new species are common in waterways and cause scattered mortality within native vegetation. They are self-sterile and appear well adapted for survival in an aquatic environment and inundated soils, filling the niche occupied by P. gonapodyides and P. taxon salixsoil in the northern hemisphere. Currently the origin of these new taxa, their pathogenicity and their role in natural ecosystems are unknown. Following the precautionary principle, they should be regarded as a potential threat to native ecosystems and managed to minimise their further spread.
    Keywords: Aquatic habitat ; breeding systems ; evolution ; phylogeny ; radiation ; sterility ; survival
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Phylogeography of the Sponge Suberites diversicolor in Indonesia: insights into the evolution of marine lake populations (2013)
    In:  PLoS ONE vol. 10 no. 8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The existence of multiple independently derived populations in landlocked marine lakes provides an opportunity for fundamental research into the role of isolation in population divergence and speciation in marine taxa. Marine lakes are landlocked water bodies that maintain a marine character through narrow submarine connections to the sea and could be regarded as the marine equivalents of terrestrial islands. The sponge Suberites diversicolor (Porifera: Demospongiae: Suberitidae) is typical of marine lake habitats in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Four molecular markers (two mitochondrial and two nuclear) were employed to study genetic structure of populations within and between marine lakes in Indonesia and three coastal locations in Indonesia, Singapore and Australia. Within populations of S. diversicolor two strongly divergent lineages (A & B) (COI: p = 0.4% and ITS: p = 7.3%) were found, that may constitute cryptic species. Lineage A only occurred in Kakaban lake (East Kalimantan), while lineage B was present in all sampled populations. Within lineage B, we found low levels of genetic diversity in lakes, though there was spatial genetic population structuring. The Australian population is genetically differentiated from the Indonesian populations. Within Indonesia we did not record an East-West barrier, which has frequently been reported for other marine invertebrates. Kakaban lake is the largest and most isolated marine lake in Indonesia and contains the highest genetic diversity with genetic variants not observed elsewhere. Kakaban lake may be an area where multiple putative refugia populations have come into secondary contact, resulting in high levels of genetic diversity and a high number of endemic species.
    Keywords: Suberites diversicolor ; Indo-Australian Archipelago ; marine lakes ; evolution
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov.: a new cold-tolerant species of yeast isolated from bats (2018)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 41, pp. 56-70
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Malassezia is a genus of medically-important, lipid-dependent yeasts that live on the skin of warmblooded animals. The 17 described species have been documented primarily on humans and domestic animals, but few studies have examined Malassezia species associated with more diverse host groups such as wildlife. While investigating the skin mycobiota of healthy bats, we isolated a Malassezia sp. that exhibited only up to 92 % identity with other known species in the genus for the portion of the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region that could be confidently aligned. The Malassezia sp. was cultured from the skin of nine species of bats in the subfamily Myotinae; isolates originated from bats sampled in both the eastern and western United States. Physiological features and molecular characterisation at seven additional loci (D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, 18S rDNA, chitin synthase, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, \xce\xb2-tubulin, translation elongation factor EF-1\xce\xb1, and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7) indicated that all of the bat Malassezia isolates likely represented a single species distinct from other named taxa. Of particular note was the ability of the Malassezia sp. to grow over a broad range of temperatures (7\xe2\x80\x9340 \xc2\xb0C), with optimal growth occurring at 24 \xc2\xb0C. These thermal growth ranges, unique among the described Malassezia, may be an adaptation by the fungus to survive on bats during both the host\xe2\x80\x99s hibernation and active seasons. The combination of genetic and physiological differences provided compelling evidence that this lipid-dependent yeast represents a novel species described herein as Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov. Whole genome sequencing placed the new species as a basal member of the clade containing the species M. furfur, M. japonica, M. obtusa, and M. yamatoensis. The genetic and physiological uniqueness of Malassezia vespertilionis among its closest relatives may make it important in future research to better understand the evolution, life history, and pathogenicity of the Malassezia yeasts.
    Keywords: Chiroptera ; evolution ; hibernation ; Malassezia ; Myotis ; new species ; phylogeny
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Samudra Report No.87, March 2022 (2022)
    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 87, dated March 2022, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia and Europe, with a special focus on the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022). The editorial Comment in the issue calls for collective and collaborative actions of all stakeholders to develop coherent and meaningful policies and legislation for the sector. Pointing out that IYAFA 2022 is a chance to create greater awareness about the role of small-scale fisheries in food production, and about the traditional knowledge and rich cultural diversity of fishing communities, the Comment hopes the year becomes a historic watershed for the sector and its communities. SAMUDRA Report No. 87 can be accessed at: https://www.icsf.net/samudra-report/
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Samudra Report ; Fishing Communities ; International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) ; Livelihoods ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Blue Economy ; Traditional Knowledge ; Marine Ecology ; Climate Change ; IPCC ; Vulnerability ; Oil Spills ; Women ; Human Rights ; Conflicts ; Fishing Gear ; CAOPA ; IYAFA 2022 ; Covid
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 8
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    Samudra Report No.86, November 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 86, dated November 2021, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia and South America, specifically from Ghana, Kenya, Thailand, the Philippines, India, Bangladesh and Chile. The issue also carries an analysis of the Blue Economy and small-scale fisheries, as well as articles on the UN Food Systems Summit. An obituary notice celebrates the life of Brazilian fisheries engineer and researcher Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin, who succumbed to COVID-19 on 8 June 2021, World Oceans Day. The editorial Comment in SAMUDRA Report No. 86 argues that negotiations on subsidies at the World Trade Organization (WTO) should lead to an agreement whose primary goal is transparency and universality in fisheries conservation and management measures.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: ICSF ; Samudra Report ; COVID ; WTO ; Fisheries Subsidies ; Fisheries management ; World Ocean Day ; Fisheries Conversation ; Blue Economy ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Fishing Communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 52p.
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  • 9
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    Handbook on Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) for small-scale fishing communities (2022)
    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | The Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-08
    Description: This Handbook, developed by ICSF and Crocevia, describes the components of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and provides an overview of its programmes, targets and commitments on aquatic, marine and coastal biodiversity. Using illustrative examples, the Handbook aims to help fishing communities and their supporters to understand the important links between biodiversity and human rights in small-scale fisheries. It also recommends actions for these stakeholders to negotiate a just and equitable outcome from international and national processes to put biodiversity on a path to recovery for the benefit of people and the planet. This handbook is useful for fishworker organizations, civil society organizations and others working on issues related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, in line with the FAO Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines and the Sustainable Development Goals.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ; Biodiversity ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Fishing Communities ; Coastal Biodiversity ; Human Rights ; SDG ; Sustainable Development ; SSF Guidelines ; Sustainable Use ; Conservation ; Fishworker Organizations ; CSO
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 126pp.
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  • 10
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    Yemaya No. 63, May 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Yemaya No. 63, dated May 2021, features articles from US, The Netherlands, Myanmar, Senegal, and an article on women in fisheries and human rights. The article from the US by Linda Behnken argues that a growing coalition of small-scale, community-based fishers is calling for the recognition and protection of Alaska’s invaluable coastal fisheries during COVID-19. The article from the Netherlands by Cornelie Quist looks at the challenges facing women engaged in small-scale fishing and supplying fish through retailers and how they found new ways to directly reach consumers. The conversation between Miranda Bout and Cornelie Quist focuses on how they combined new product development with the use of social media to contact their customer base during the pandemic-induced disruption of traditional marketing chains. The article by Elena Finkbeiner, Juno Fitzpatrick and Whitney Yadao-Evans looks at recent media revelations and scientific research that have brought increased attention to human-rights violations and the myriad social issues facing fisheries, but with a disproportionate focus on labour-rights violations at sea and in industrial fishing operations. The systemic inequalities combined with the effects of COVID-19 exacerbated vulnerabilities of women to health risks, food and livelihood security. The article from Senegal by Aby Dia from Lumière Synergie pour le Développement (LSD), in collaboration with WoMin African Alliance, South Africa, narrates the story of traditional women fish processors from the Bargny who have been, for more than a decade, struggling against development projects that jeopardise their environment, health and livelihoods. In order to preserve their livelihoods, women processors in Senegal have come together to oppose the Tosyali steel project. The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Europe (AKTEA) urges the Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries to integrate gender into all aspects of European fishing policy. The Profile column looks at how Linda Behnken became a fisher in Alaska and how fishing has shaped her individuality and work. Natalie Sattler says that fishing for halibut, sablefish and salmon from the sparkling waters of the Pacific along with her children and at the same time passion for working with the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association and the Alaska Sustainable Fisheries Trust is an immense challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fishing Communities ; Women in fisheries ; Gender ; Small-scale fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 12p.
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