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  • Journals
  • Articles  (9)
  • Open Access-Papers  (9)
  • India  (5)
  • University of Bremen  (2)
  • WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  (2)
  • 2020-2023  (9)
  • 1
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    Hypoxia tolerance and exercise of an Arctic key stone species the Polar cod Boreogadus saida under global change scenarios (2021)
    University of Bremen
    In:  EPIC3University of Bremen, 95 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The Arctic is the region on Earth expected to experience the highest rate of warming caused by climate change. Ocean warming is directly and indirectly decreasing oxygen concentration in the ocean, therewith confronting marine biota with a change of two crucial abiotic factors. Polar cod Boreogadus saida is an Arctic key stone species due to its central position in the food web. In order to contribute to a better understanding of its upper thermal limits and the synergistic effects of warming and decreasing oxygen availability on its metabolic and swimming capacity, Polar cod were acclimated to a temperature hypothesised to belong to its upper thermal limit (10°C) over 10 months. Using static and swim tunnel respirometry 10°C were found to clearly belong to the pejus temperature range of Polar cod although aerobic scope and swimming capacity were maintained at this temperature. No metabolic compensation was observed for standard metabolic rate that increased by a factor of five. A significant PO2 effect on maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope was observed when measuring metabolic and swimming capacity at decreasing ambient oxygen levels. Polar cod displayed oxy regulation over the whole PO2 range tolerated. Critical velocity stayed stable until 40% ambient O2 saturation whereas gait transition velocity decreased non-significantly at 50% O2. Temperature had a strong negative effect on hypoxia tolerance by increasing Pcmax and Pcrit to 12.53 and 5.22 kPa O2, respectively. We observed that water masses of 10°C can be tolerated in short-term by Polar cod but do not allow for population survival. Hypoxia tolerance was found to be strongly decreased at the long-term incubation temperature but still remained high in inter-species comparison and with respect to 10°C as pejus temperature. Future research should address hypoxia tolerance of Polar cod during acute warming to understand the physiological impacts during marine heatwaves.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 2
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    Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) distribution modeling on their Nordic and Barents Seas feeding grounds (2022)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Marine Mammal Science, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 0824-0469
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Understanding cetacean distribution is essential for conservation planning and decision-making, particularly in regions subject to rapid environmental changes. Nevertheless, information on their spatiotemporal distribution is commonly limited, especially from remote areas. Species distribution models (SDMs) are powerful tools, relating species occurrences to environmental variables to predict the species' potential distribution. This study aims at using presence-only SDMs (MaxEnt) to identify suitable habitats for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) on their Nordic and Barents Seas feeding grounds. We used spatial-block cross-validation to tune MaxEnt parameters and evaluate model performance using spatially independent testing data. We considered spatial sampling bias correction using four methods. Important environmental variables were distance to shore and sea ice edge, variability of sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity, and depth. Suitable fin whale habitats were predicted along the west coast of Svalbard, between Svalbard and the eastern Norwegian Sea, coastal areas off Iceland and southern East Greenland, and along the Knipovich Ridge to Jan Mayen. Results support that presence-only SDMs are effective tools to predict cetacean habitat suitability, particularly in remote areas like the Arctic Ocean. SDMs constitute a cost-effective method for targeting future surveys and identifying top priority sites for conservation measures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    A past, present and future perspective on the European summer climate (2022)
    University of Bremen
    In:  EPIC3University of Bremen, 141 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: The climate in the summer months is essential for ecosystems and society. However, climate change is causing lasting changes in the characteristics of the summer climate. In order to better understand the summer climate, to capture changes in a statistically meaningful way and to develop climate sce- narios for the future, long-term climate observations and reliable climate models are needed. These three points are addressed in this thesis with the help of three main research questions. The first question examines the prevailing large-scale climate patterns which are elaborated using the climate signature of the oxygen isotope ratio in tree ring cellulose (δ18Ocel) over the past 400 years. An empirical orthogonal function analysis reveals two different modes of variability. The first mode is related to multi-seasonal anomaly patterns associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The second mode of δ18Ocel variability, which captures a north-south dipole, is associated with a regional summer atmospheric circulation pattern that has a distinct centre over the North Sea. To further exploit the climate sensitivity of δ18Ocel tree-ring records, the first grid-based reconstruc- tion of the European summer vapour pressure deficit (VPD) for the last four centuries is presented. This reconstruction is used to answer the second question of what trends in VPD have occurred in Europe over the last 400 years. The simultaneous increase in temperature and decrease in precipita- tion starts from mid-17th century in Central Europe and the Mediterranean region and relates to a positive VPD trend. This trend towards higher VPD continues throughout the observation period. In addition to studying the past summer climate with the help of a tree ring network, climate models provide valuable information on future scenarios which are highly relevant for society and ecosys- tems. Therefore, this thesis addresses the question of whether simulations with different climate models from a climate model comparison project are suitable for making reliable statements about future drought conditions and what influence the amount of greenhouse gases has on drought oc- currence. Based on a comparison between simulated and observed drought conditions for the period 1971-2000, reasonable agreement can be found between climate model simulations and the observa- tions. However, climate models cannot reproduce drought trends in observations for recent decades for large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, it is shown that drought occurrence is projected to increase significantly in arid regions under three different future scenarios, with the se- verity of droughts depending on greenhouse gas emissions. For regions currently less affected by prolonged droughts, such as the European continent, the climate models show that the probability of drought occurrence increases significantly under the warmest future scenario. Thus, this thesis presents new perspectives on past, present and future European summer climate using a δ18Ocel tree ring network, climate observations and climate model simulations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 4
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    Samudra Report No.87, March 2022 (2022)
    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 87, dated March 2022, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia and Europe, with a special focus on the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022). The editorial Comment in the issue calls for collective and collaborative actions of all stakeholders to develop coherent and meaningful policies and legislation for the sector. Pointing out that IYAFA 2022 is a chance to create greater awareness about the role of small-scale fisheries in food production, and about the traditional knowledge and rich cultural diversity of fishing communities, the Comment hopes the year becomes a historic watershed for the sector and its communities. SAMUDRA Report No. 87 can be accessed at: https://www.icsf.net/samudra-report/
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Samudra Report ; Fishing Communities ; International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) ; Livelihoods ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Blue Economy ; Traditional Knowledge ; Marine Ecology ; Climate Change ; IPCC ; Vulnerability ; Oil Spills ; Women ; Human Rights ; Conflicts ; Fishing Gear ; CAOPA ; IYAFA 2022 ; Covid
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 5
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    Samudra Report No.86, November 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 86, dated November 2021, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia and South America, specifically from Ghana, Kenya, Thailand, the Philippines, India, Bangladesh and Chile. The issue also carries an analysis of the Blue Economy and small-scale fisheries, as well as articles on the UN Food Systems Summit. An obituary notice celebrates the life of Brazilian fisheries engineer and researcher Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin, who succumbed to COVID-19 on 8 June 2021, World Oceans Day. The editorial Comment in SAMUDRA Report No. 86 argues that negotiations on subsidies at the World Trade Organization (WTO) should lead to an agreement whose primary goal is transparency and universality in fisheries conservation and management measures.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: ICSF ; Samudra Report ; COVID ; WTO ; Fisheries Subsidies ; Fisheries management ; World Ocean Day ; Fisheries Conversation ; Blue Economy ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Fishing Communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 52p.
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  • 6
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    Samudra Report No.85, May 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 85, dated May 2021, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia, South America and the Caribbean, specifically from Turkey, Cambodia, South Africa, Brazil, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Mozambique, Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Costa Rica, India, France, the Philippines, Brazil and Thailand. The issue also carries articles that analyze the Blue Economy, destructive fishing, small-scale fisheries (SSF) and the SSF Guidelines, among other topics. The current issue has three articles on food security (from Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Cambodia) and five articles on social development and sustainable fisheries (from Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Costa Rica, India, the Philippines and Thailand). The editorial Comment in SAMUDRA Report No. 85 discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the global inadequacy of social-protection floors in safeguarding marginalized communities, in the process exacerbating poverty and vulnerability.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: ICSF ; Samudra Report ; SSF Guidelines ; Small-scale fisheries ; Fishing communities ; Social development ; Social protection ; Sustainable fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 88p.
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  • 7
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    Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas (2020)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Fish and Fisheries, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 21, pp. 774-796, ISSN: 1467-2960
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-07
    Description: The concept of “blue growth,” which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within na-tional and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contem-porary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case-study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture ex-amples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40–800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the im-pacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short-term gains over long-term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross-cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommenda-tions are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    A case for a human rights-based approach to Indian aquaculture systems: A literature review. (2022)
    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-08
    Description: Aquaculture is the new sunrise sector with respect to ­fish production. Developing countries of Asia are the world leaders, with a large population dependent on the sector. Though a plethora of literature is available on aquaculture, there is a lacuna with regards to speci­fic studies on the human rights aspects of the same. This study is an effort to bring focus on this void and the facets that need to be examined if aquaculture is to become sustainable and is able to contribute towards various sustainable development goals as envisaged. As the human dependence on the sector is very high, the study emphasises the need and importance of placing a human rights-based framework at the centre stage of future growth of aquaculture in India. This will steer the development towards an environmentally sound and socially just path, a prerequisite for the sector. the objective of the study is to understand the strengths of legislation, guidelines, schemes and other government documents with regard to the defence of human rights; review and analyse the environmental and social impacts of aquaculture systems as seen in the literature review; and to suggest a set of recommendations that could help ­fill the gaps in the current systems as identi­fied by this study. The monograph will be of use to researchers, scientists, fishworker organisations, environmentalists and anyone interested in aquaculture development in India.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fish Production ; Developing Countries ; Aquaculture ; Human Rights ; Sustainable Development ; SDG ; Legislation ; Environment ; Social Impact ; Aquaculture Development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 74pp.
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  • 9
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    Yemaya No. 63, May 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Yemaya No. 63, dated May 2021, features articles from US, The Netherlands, Myanmar, Senegal, and an article on women in fisheries and human rights. The article from the US by Linda Behnken argues that a growing coalition of small-scale, community-based fishers is calling for the recognition and protection of Alaska’s invaluable coastal fisheries during COVID-19. The article from the Netherlands by Cornelie Quist looks at the challenges facing women engaged in small-scale fishing and supplying fish through retailers and how they found new ways to directly reach consumers. The conversation between Miranda Bout and Cornelie Quist focuses on how they combined new product development with the use of social media to contact their customer base during the pandemic-induced disruption of traditional marketing chains. The article by Elena Finkbeiner, Juno Fitzpatrick and Whitney Yadao-Evans looks at recent media revelations and scientific research that have brought increased attention to human-rights violations and the myriad social issues facing fisheries, but with a disproportionate focus on labour-rights violations at sea and in industrial fishing operations. The systemic inequalities combined with the effects of COVID-19 exacerbated vulnerabilities of women to health risks, food and livelihood security. The article from Senegal by Aby Dia from Lumière Synergie pour le Développement (LSD), in collaboration with WoMin African Alliance, South Africa, narrates the story of traditional women fish processors from the Bargny who have been, for more than a decade, struggling against development projects that jeopardise their environment, health and livelihoods. In order to preserve their livelihoods, women processors in Senegal have come together to oppose the Tosyali steel project. The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Europe (AKTEA) urges the Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries to integrate gender into all aspects of European fishing policy. The Profile column looks at how Linda Behnken became a fisher in Alaska and how fishing has shaped her individuality and work. Natalie Sattler says that fishing for halibut, sablefish and salmon from the sparkling waters of the Pacific along with her children and at the same time passion for working with the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association and the Alaska Sustainable Fisheries Trust is an immense challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fishing Communities ; Women in fisheries ; Gender ; Small-scale fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 12p.
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