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  • Articles  (19)
  • 2015-2019  (19)
  • 2017  (19)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • 2015-2019  (19)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-12-08
    Description: Publication date: Available online 6 December 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohammed Taha Moustafa Nanotechnology are fast advancing and currently became more effective than the conventional technologies used in water treatment that offers safe opportunities for using unconventional water supply sources. Fungi are more versatile in growth and metal tolerance in contrast to bacterial population. This work aims to demonstrate the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticle by using two filamentous fungi Penciillium Citreonigum Dierck and Scopulaniopsos brumptii Salvanet-Duval isolated from Lake Burullus, examine the biosynthesized nano-silver particles by UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional group of protein molecules surrounding AgNPs was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Check the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles at two concentrations (550.7 and 676.9 mg/l) and interact it with bacteria for different durations (15, 60 and 120 min). Polyurethane foam was used as silver carrier and nano-silver solution for the removal of pathogenic bacteria in polluted water. The synthesized AgNPs showed an excellent antibacterial property on gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-12-07
    Description: Publication date: Available online 6 December 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Abhishek Saxena, Manish Bhardwaj, Tanu Allen, Satish Kumar, Rachana Sahney
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-11-29
    Description: Publication date: Available online 27 November 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohamed I. Azzam, Safaa M. Ezzat, Badawi A. Othman, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug This study aims to determine the impact of five main drains as sources of antibiotics resistant bacteria in River Nile at Rosetta branch, and to generate a baseline data on their virulence ability. Out of 212 bacterial isolates, 39.2% and 60.8% were recovered from drains and Rosetta branch, respectively. Susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics showed multiple antibiotics resistances (MAR) for the majority of isolates. Meanwhile, sensitivity was mostly directed to ofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics. Calculated MAR index values (>0.25) classified area of study as potentially health risk environment. Testing virulence ability of bacteria from drains showed positive results (65%). Contrastively, virulent strains in Rosetta branch were mostly lacking in this study. Concluding remarks justify the strong correlation (r = +0.82) between MAR and virulence of bacteria in polluted aquatic ecosystems, and highlight the potential of drains as reactors for their amplification and dissemination. The study suggests regular monitoring for antibiotics resistance in native bacteria of River Nile, prohibition of unregulated use of antibiotics, and proper management for wastes disposal.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-11-28
    Description: Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Hossam Elsersawy, Noha Kamal In recent years there are needs to initiate the efforts towards developing evaluation tool for the navigation condition of the existing berths on the Nile River. Main goals of the research are to develop GIS application for the berths data and link it to a numerical model for evaluate morphological and hydraulically changes at the berthing area. The established application is used to evaluate the existing berths conditions at Luxor reach. The investigation included the physical, hydraulic, morphological, navigation conditions for safe and reliable navigation operation. The model was applied to create base flow map for morphological and hydraulically changes at the berthing areas. It was indicated that the rate of deposition is much more than the rate of erosion. It is concluded that the percentage of 26% of the existing berths are satisfied the navigation depths conditions, the percentage of 58% require maintained dredging and the percentage of 16% of the existing berths does not satisfy the navigation depths conditions. The developed evaluation tool is essential for improving and the rehabilitation the navigation conditions of the existing berths.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-11-07
    Description: Publication date: Available online 6 November 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohamed M. Sobeih, Nahed E. El-Arabi, Esam El Deen Y. Helal, Basma S. Awad The present study was initiated with the objective of simulating and predicting the effect of future development on the groundwater flow and levels. This supports applications for future planning and wise management of water resources. The study area extends south of El Nubariya canal including Sadat City area and its vicinities in the western Nile delta region. A numerical groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) has been employed to simulate flow and get the budget of groundwater in the study area. The model showed that about 28,101,041 m 3 /day of surface water is infiltrated to groundwater dominantly from canals and excess irrigation water. About the same quantity (28,101,052 m 3 /day), is discharged from groundwater through production wells, open drains and through some reaches of canals. Three development scenarios were simulated to give predictions of the impact of future increasing recharge, construction of new canal and new open drains, and also increased pumping on the groundwater levels in the study area.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-11-05
    Description: Publication date: Available online 27 October 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohie Eldin Elmashad Problems associated with expansive soils in Egypt are predominantly related to the presence of montmorillonite clay minerals in the soil with fresh water. In this paper we are trying to solve the swelling problem of bentonite by using the chemical additives such as ammonium chloride, sodium chloride sodium carbonate and lime. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation performed to quantify the effect of mixing bentonite which represent the swelling soil in homogenies phase with chemical additives such as ammonium chloride, sodium chloride sodium carbonate and lime on the consistency and swelling characteristics of bentonite. The results showed that the increase of the chemical concentration to about 20% of the total sample weight of the mixing water leads to major decrease in the liquid limit and swelling characteristics of the bentonite. The reduction in the swelling of the bentonite is also proportional to the rate of chemical water infiltration into the bentonite. As the increase of the ammonium chloride and lime leads to significant increase of the infiltration.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
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    Publication Date: 2017-11-05
    Description: Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohamed Ahmed Saad ElFetyany The irrigation improvement program implemented by MWRI aimed to modernize Egypt’s irrigation system through improvement of infrastructure and establishment of Water Users Organizations WUOs. There is concern about the high cost of the IIP improvements, which has increased from about 2500 LE/fed in May 2000 to about 10,000 LE/fed May 2016. The concern focuses mainly on the mesqa improvement, which represents over 85% of the cost of the civil works. The modelling analysis discussed reducing mesqa design capacity (water duty), reducing the installed pump capacity, modifying the pump size, modifying the hydraulic design criteria, reducing the wall thickness of PVC pipes for pipeline mesqas, direct pumping of mesqa pipelines, and mesqa layout. Results show that using the revised approach brings down the cost of mesqa improvement from nearly 10,000LE/fed at present to about 6000LE/fed. These reductions based on the analyses of different mesqa modelling through the adoption of certain parameters such as feasibility of the revised design, effective application of continuous flow for water distribution, and downsizing of the capacity of improved mesqas.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-07-23
    Description: Publication date: Available online 22 July 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Michael Soakodan Aduah, Graham P.W. Jewitt, Michele L.Warburton Toucher Hydrological modelling is a challenge in the rainforest dominated Bonsa catchment (1482 km 2 ) in Ghana, West Africa, because of data scarcity and rapidly changing land uses. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of the daily time step physical-conceptual ACRU model for hydrological modelling in the Bonsa catchment. Since the catchment is data poor, model calibration was conducted using a careful parameterization and sensitivity analysis, using initial values obtained from literature and field observations, as well as climate data for the period 1987–1999 and 1991 land use. The model performance during calibration and validation was satisfactory, with a monthly NSE of 0.6 and 0.5 and R 2 of 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. The model simulated the rise and the recession of the hydrograph well, but during the validation the accumulated monthly streamflows were underestimated by 10%. The main conclusion from this study is that the ACRU hydrological model is suitable for exploring basic hydrological responses to land use and climate in the Bonsa and similar catchments.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-06-14
    Description: Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Pankaj Kumar, Chander Kumar Singh, Chitresh Saraswat, Binaya Mishra, Tejal Sharma High fluoride (F − ) groundwater causes fluorosis which might at severe stages lead to deformation of bones, bilateral lameness. The concentration of F − ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mg/L. This study suggests that high HCO 3 − and Na + in alkaline medium along with water–rock interaction plays important role in enrichment of F − in groundwater. Na-HCO 3 is the dominant water type followed by Ca-HCO 3 suggesting dominance of Na + , Ca 2+ and HCO 3 − ions in groundwater. Factor analysis of water quality parameters suggests that four principal components account for 74.66% of total variance in the dataset. Factor 1 shows higher positive loading for pH, HCO 3 − negative loading for F − , Ca 2+ , SO 4 2− depicting ion-exchange and HCO 3 dominant water type responsible for F enrichment in groundwater. Saturation index for selected minerals suggests that most of the samples are oversaturated with calcite and undersaturated with fluorite. Calcite precipitation leads to the removal of Ca 2+ from solution thus allowing more fluorite to dissolve. These released Ca 2+ ions combine with CO 3 2− ions to further enhance the precipitation of CaCO 3 .
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-06-13
    Description: Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017 Source: Water Science Author(s): Anuradha Jabasingh S., Ravi T., Abubeker Yimam Magnetic materials have been extensively used for the extraction of heavy metal ions from contaminated aqueous streams. This inherent characteristic of the magnetic particles has received considerable attention in recent years. The external magnetic field employed in the sorption process overcomes many hindrances established during the application of conventional sorbents for metal ion removal. Recent studies illustrate the severity of arsenic toxicity to be a major environmental health hazard in the contaminated ground water. Available literature has been reviewed to highlight the problem, including its malignancies. Magnetic sorbents with demonstrated high specific surface area and specific affinity for metal ions have been exceedingly beneficial for removing the toxic arsenic ions. In addition to this, these sorbents have demonstrated a promising performance in practical applications also. This review paper aims to summarize the magnetic structures and all recent progress in the research of novel magnetic materials for arsenic removal making it a promising technique in the frame of engineering chemistry is showcased herein and reviewed scrupulously.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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