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  • Articles  (611)
  • 2015-2019  (611)
  • 2017  (611)
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  • 2015-2019  (611)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: A highly sensitive two-axis bending sensor based on long period fiber grating (LPFG) in a dual side-hole fiber (DSHF) is presented and experimentally investigated. The LPFG is fabricated by periodically collapsing a piece of DSHF with automatic arc discharge technology. The existence of the two air holes in the DSHF makes the cladding modes, regardless of the polarization state, concentrate in the area perpendicular to the connection of the two holes. Such a feature leads to quite different bending responses at the directions perpendicular and parallel to the connection of the air holes, which makes the DSHF-based LPFG suitable for two-axis bending measurement. The bending sensitivity of the LPFG are 21.03 nm/m −1 and 15.77 dB/m −1 at the orthogonal directions, respectively. Besides, compared with the general arc-induced LPFGs in solid fibers, the size of the DSHF-based LPFG is effectively reduced because the periodic air hole collapse in the DSHF causes a large geometric deformation of the fiber core and increases coupling coefficient between the core and cladding modes. The sensing characteristics of strain, polarization, surrounding refractive index, and temperature are also investigated in our experiment.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: This study proposes a technique to implement see-through three-dimensional (3-D) display based on point light source integral imaging. This display consists of an edge-lit light guide plate, a polarizer array, and a transparent liquid crystal display (LCD) panel without rear polarizer. The combination of the light guide plate and the polarizer array act as a transparent polarized point light source array (PLSA), and reconstructs the 3-D image with the elemental image array loaded on the LCD panel. The background rays passing through the gaps in the polarized PLSA carry the object information and implement see-through property. The experimental system is constructed based on 1-D integral imaging to verify the proposed method. The see-through and superposition capabilities of the proposed method are demonstrated.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: We show that quasi-single-mode transmission in few-mode fibers (FMFs) can reduce the number of spans for a fixed transmission distance and, consequently, the cost per bit for terrestrial transmission systems by minimizing both the Capex and Opex. The Gaussian-noise model is employed to estimate the nonlinear noise power spectral density both, which depends on the effective area of the FMF and span length, for Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and hybrid Raman/EDFA systems. Together with amplified spontaneous emission noise, an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for a fixed transmission distance as a function of the effective area of the FMF and span length can be obtained. Given a target OSNR for a particular modulation format, we determine the maximum span length or the minimum number of spans as the effective area of the FMF varies both analytically and through numerical simulations. The effect of multipath interference in the FMF on the minimum number of span has also been investigated.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: An optomechanical system combining a Coulomb interaction degree of freedom provides a unique platform for precision measurement of electrical charges via the optomechanically induced transparency. A new property of a second-order sideband in a double-oscillator optomechanical system is investigated beyond the conventional linearized description of optomechanical interaction. The results show that the single-second-order sideband will split into the double-second-order sideband under a weak driving field, and the separation of the split second-order sideband shows a strong dependence on the Coulomb coupling strength. Based on the current experimental conditions, such a Coulomb-interaction-induced split of the second-order sideband may enable an all-optical sensor for precision measurement of the Coulomb coupling strength with lower power.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: Phase change materials combined with silicon photonics are emerging as a promising platform to realize miniature photonic devices. We study the basic optical properties of a subwavelength-dimension silicon ridge waveguide with a 20-nm-thick Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) top-clad layer. Numerical simulations show that the effective index of the Si-GST hybrid waveguide varies significantly when the GST changes from the amorphous to the crystalline states. This change can be utilized to make micron-size photonic devices. To experimentally verify the effectiveness of the Si-GST hybrid waveguide on light wave manipulation, we fabricated a series of unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers with one arm connected with a section of Si-GST hybrid waveguide in different lengths. The transmission spectra are measured and the complex effective indices are extracted for GST at crystalline, amorphous, and intermediate phases. The experimental results overall agree well with the simulation ones. The nonvolatile property of GST makes it attractive to reduce the static power consumption. This research represents a significant step toward the realization of ultracompact Si-GST hybrid devices that will play a key role in high-density photonic integrated circuits, opening the door to many potential applications, including optical switch, memory, and logic operation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a recently developed microscope technology that overcomes the resolution limit of a low numerical aperture objective lens by employing angular varying illuminations. Combining the concepts of ptychography, synthetic aperture, and phase retrieval, FPM achieves high-resolution, wide-field, and quantitative phase imaging at the same time. In typical FPM systems, the angular varying illuminations are achieved with LED arrays whose positional misalignments bring significant errors in the reconstruction procedure. In previous studies, several LED array alignment methods are developed, which iteratively recover the positional misalignment parameters during the reconstruction. These methods consume additional calculations in FPM reconstruction and may not be practical in other microscopy system. In this work, we represent a preprocessing LED array alignment method by accurately localizing the brightfield area on the sample plane. By applying particle swarm optimization method and random sample consensus method, the global misalignment parameters can be estimated with high accuracy and speed. Both numerical simulations and actual system experiments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of our method and the results show that the reconstruction quality of high-resolution images is significantly improved by using our method.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: A selective-filling high birefringent photonic crystal fiber (SF-HBPCF) based Sagnac interferometer (SI) was demonstrated. The SF-HBPCF was achieved by infiltrating a high index liquid into two symmetrical air holes of the innermost layer of an index-guiding un-birefringent PCF. The birefringence characteristics of the SF-HBPCF and the strain sensing characteristics of the SF-HBPCF based SI were theoretically analyzed in detail. The group birefringence presented unique characteristics, and particularly possessed a zero value at a certain wavelength. This directly resulted in the strain sensitivities having ultrahigh even infinite value at the certain wavelength. Besides, with the change of the loaded strain, the sensitivities of the interference dips presented disparate variation trend. In experiments, the results were well matched with theoretical simulation. And the strain sensitivities from 25 pm/μϵ to 12 pm/μϵ were achieved from 61 μϵ to 789 μϵ in the type of the SF-HBPCF.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: In the purpose of improving the complexity and the security of chaotic communication system, a novel electro-optical intensity chaotic system using electrical mutual injection with nonlinear transmission function is proposed. The electro-optical intensity chaotic system consisting of two delay feedback branches in a serial configuration extends keys space scale. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed system are investigated by means of the bifurcation diagram, the largest Lyapunov exponents, and the permutation entropy, and the security are also analyzed through the autocorrelation function and the delayed mutual information. The simulation results show that the proposed system can acquire higher complexity and the better security, compared with the recent ones. The scheme allows the system to enter chaos with a low gain and the time-delay concealed effectively due to a nonlinear transmission function. Besides, the communication synchronization on basis of the proposed system is discussed. It comes to a conclusion that the proposed chaotic system has potential applications in secure communications.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: A terahertz amplitude modulator based on graphene on a metallic square ring resonant structure is proposed. By separating the graphene and the metallic structure with a thin organic dielectric layer, both the resonant frequency and the amplitude of the transmission resonant peak are modulated when graphene is electrically tuned by a bias voltage. A maximal amplitude modulation depth of 72% at the frequency of 0.6 THz is achieved for the fabricated Terahertz modulator. An analysis model based on the transmission line theory is built to explore the modulation mechanism. Results of the transmission spectrum and the amplitude modulation indicate a good agreement between the transmission line theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: Experimental studies on gain and saturation of a Yb-doped double-cladding fiber amplifier accompanied with and interpreted by rigorous numerical simulations are presented. The saturation power, the value, and the spectral asymmetry of the output signal are experimentally characterized in both pulsed and continuous wave (CW) operation, and then, verified and interpreted numerically. Power conversion efficiency and quantum conversion efficiency of the amplifier are measured to be up to 55% and 58%, respectively. It is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate a numerical model for the pulsed operation based on the interaction of vector coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations and the rate equations of the Yb-doped double-clad fiber taking into account all high-order dispersion parameters and the variation of gain coefficient during pulse propagation. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is observed providing interpretations to the results. The numerical models and the experimental demonstrations provide guidance for the design and analysis of Yb-doped double-cladding fiber amplifiers both in pulsed and CW operation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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