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  • Articles  (478)
  • 2015-2019  (478)
  • 2016  (478)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (478)
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  • Articles  (478)
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  • 2015-2019  (478)
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  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (478)
  • Physics  (478)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-12-31
    Description: We report a multiwavelength mid-infrared laser based on intracavity difference frequency generation in an MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO 3 optical parametric oscillator, which was pumped by a dual-wavelength fiber MOPA consisting of two parts: dual-wavelength seed and power amplifier. The maximum output power of the linearly polarized pump laser was 65.3 W, and the wavelengths were 1060 and 1080 nm. Three idler emissions with different wavelengths of 3127, 3303 and 3346 nm were obtained under the maximum pump power, and the total idler output reached 7.38 W, indicating a 15% pump-to-idler slope efficiency. The signal laser generated in the experiment had two wavelengths, which were 1594 and 1604 nm under the maximum pump power. Three nonlinear progresses occurred in the experiment, two of them being optical parametric oscillation and the one left being difference frequency generation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 2
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-31
    Description: Reconfigurable unidirectional transmission based on the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) layer and 2-D photonic crystal (PhC) platforms is presented and simulated. The suggested one way transmission can be tuned at different wavelengths based on the NLC biasing state. A comprehensive parametric study using plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods has been carried out for explaining and optimizing the performance of the proposed structure. The transmission spectra calculations reveal that the reported structure can perform nearly perfect isolation at two different bands (1406–1412 nm and 1416–1421 nm) with an average contrast ratio (Cr) of about 36.9 dB. The investigated unidirectional PhC structure has advantages in terms of compactness and reconfigurability and can be used efficiently in ultrahigh nanoscale integrated circuits.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 3
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-31
    Description: The variation of the properties of the magneto-optical material on the temperature is a key problem for the optical current sensor based on magneto-optical material. In this paper, we propose a method for overcoming this problem based on the dual-wavelength configuration, which can obtain the analytical solution of both the temperature and the magnetic flux density. We perform a real-world experiment to investigate the performance of this method at different temperatures and at different magnetic flux densities, in order to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can maintain good accuracy (with the relative error less than 1.2%) at a temperature above –20  °C, and it has a better performance at higher magnetic flux density.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 4
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-31
    Description: A 56 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) light-based WiFi (LiFi) transmission based on a 680-nm/5.4-GHz vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a two-stage injection-locked technique is proposed and demonstrated. Experimentally results show that a 5.4-GHz VCSEL with a two-stage injection-locked technique is effective for 56 Gb/s PAM4 LiFi transmissions. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first one to adopt a 680-nm VCSEL transmitter with two-stage injection-locked technique in a 56 Gb/s PAM4 LiFi transmission. A pair of doublet lenses is employed in the proposed PAM4 VCSEL-based LiFi transmissions to enhance the free-space link. The link performances of the proposed PAM4 LiFi transmissions have been analyzed in real time. Good bit error rate performance and three independent clear eye diagrams are obtained over a 20-m free-space link. Such a proposed 56 Gb/s PAM4 VCSEL-based LiFi transmission with two-stage injection-locked technique has the potential to play a significant role in future wireless infrastructure for providing high transmission rate and long free-space transmission distance effectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: In this paper, nearly degenerate four-wave mixing created by pump–probe structure with small frequency spacing and enough high power is demonstrated and discussed by introducing single optical beam into single-mode Fabry–Pérot laser diode, in which the injected beam is called the probe wave, whose frequency detuning is controlled within ±50 GHz, and lasing resonance mode such as dominant mode or arbitrarily residual side mode is selected as the pump wave. In the case of dominant mode like the pump wave, conjugate signals around the pump–probe wave are easily observed for positive and negative probe detuning by judiciously tuning injected probe power. While external injection mode is moved towards the side mode selected as the pump wave, newly generated signals only occurred with small positive probe detuning. As the probe wave with positive frequency detuning is close to the pump wave, higher order conjugate signals are gradually grown. Under the condition of side mode as the pump wave, the strongly nonlinear mixing of the pump–probe wave also gives rise to new frequency signals on both sides of the dominant mode with enough high peak level. Against the change of correspondingly initial power and frequency detuning of the probe wave, outcome spectrum, output power, and conversion efficiency of conjugate signals are analyzed in detail, while dominant or one side mode is, respectively, selected as the pump wave.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 6
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: The properties of the singly resonant and double-pass pump fiber optical parametric oscillators (FOPO) are experimentally investigated. An idler removal filter is utilized to eliminate the idler component in a Fabry–Pérot cavity to minimize the effect of modulation instability. For singly resonant FOPO, the pump is also filtered out and leaves the signal to oscillate in the cavity. For double-pass pump FOPO, the idler removal filter is designed to allow propagation of signal and pump in the cavity. The results show that double-pass pump FOPO brings several important enhancements over the conventional singly resonant FOPO. Among them are the low threshold of 0.247 W with improvement by 51% at 0.45 W pump power. It is also found that the conversion efficiency of the two configurations has no significant difference.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 7
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: In order to increase the terahertz output power of the photoconductive antenna, a new multiple terahertz power synthesis technology based on terahertz time domain spectroscopy waveform consistency is proposed. The dipole photoconductive antenna with 500-μm aperture and a plurality of delay lines are used to build multiple terahertz power synthesis system. A synthesis efficiency evaluation method is proposed on the basis of the temporal coherence degree. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy signals can be generated synchronously by virtue of the precise control of multiple delay lines, which can be realized the maximizing frequency domain peak power. Experimental results showed that the synthesized time-domain spectroscopy signal peaks and frequency domain power peaks are maximized, when the terahertz optical path difference is consistent. Two channel, three channel, and four channel synthetic temporal coherence values are 99.47%, 90.45%, and 83.37%, respectively, and the terahertz radiation power peaks can reach 1.94, 2.27, and 2.45 times the peaks before synthesis, respectively.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 8
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: An experimental demonstration of a nonimaging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system based on a cubic receiver is reported in this paper. The receiver is designed to have five photodetectors as a cubic structure to solve the problem of an ill-conditioned channel matrix. The experiment employs four independent white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as transmitters. Each of them transmits a different bit stream with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and a bit-and-power allocation algorithm. By measuring the highest achievable overall data rate in the typical illumination scene, the performance of the multiplexing gain of the system is demonstrated. The experimental results reveal that the highest spectral efficiency is about 14.5 bit/s/Hz, and the multiplexing gain is up to 2.134 times at the center point among four LEDs. Besides, the system can support user mobility in real time, since it does not require the receiver adjustment and alignment.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 9
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: Enhanced directional fluorescence emission (DFE) is crucial for the optical signal collection by spectrometer/microscopy in biological and medical detection. In this paper, we systematically report the enhanced excitation and DFE of quantum dot (QD) by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through theoretical calculations. A finite difference time-domain method is used in the calculations. By changing the size and the number of AgNPs, as well as relative position between QD and AgNPs, we found that when QD is in the middle of two AgNPs (the diameters of two AgNPs are 90 nm and 70 nm, respectively) and the spacing between them is 20 nm (surface to surface), the DFE is enhanced by 70 times compared to the QD on bare glass. The reason for the DFE enhancement is the geometrical scattering and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) created by AgNPs. The enhancement is the largest when the peak wavelengths of geometrical scattering and LSPR are close to each other. Furthermore, we conclude that monolayer AgNPs play a main role in the DFE enhancement of monolayer or low-concentration QDs, and uniform-sized AgNPs are not the best choice for enhancing the DFE. This will be of significance for designing and developing high-sensitivity fluorescent biosensors and high-efficiency QD LEDs.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 10
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2016-12-28
    Description: This paper presents a complete, compact, and low power consumption instrument designed for time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy. It employs two custom-designed pulsed diode lasers (operating at 830 and 670 nm, with average optical power higher than 2 mW at 40 MHz repetition frequency), a single-photon detection module (based on a 1 mm 2 active area silicon photomultiplier), and a custom time-to-digital converter with 10 ps time resolution. The system experimental characterization shows an instrument response function narrower than 300 ps (full-width at half maximum), with measurement stability better than ±1% over several hours of operation. The instrument, which is housed into a compact aluminum case (size 200 × 160 × 50 mm 3 ), is specifically tailored for portability and ease of operation, hence fostering the diffusion of time-domain diffuse optics techniques. Thanks to a total power consumption lower than 10 W, this system is suitable for battery operation, thus enabling on-field measurements.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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