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  • 2015-2019  (16)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2016  (16)
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  • 2015-2019  (16)
  • 2010-2014
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  • 1
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    Assessment of a proposed hybrid photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking method (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-06
    Description: Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Yasmin Adel, Rameen Abdelhady, Ahmed M. Ibrahim Photovoltaic arrays have limited conversion efficiency and thus, a maximum power point tracking technique is essential. This makes the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) require prior prediction of the mentioned point in spite of the undeniable changes in the environment. In this manuscript an introduction and assessment of the different techniques of MPPT is presented. The categorization scheme of the MPPT techniques is according to either the predefinition of operating points without system data update (offline methods) or continuous sampling of system variables, to update the PV module measurements (online methods). Whereas hybrid method is a combination of both. A number of techniques from each class were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment in order to compare their performance. Moreover, the hybrid method was simulated in two successive steps without pre-assumption of the output of the offline method. The results demonstrated the relevance of the hybrid method when applied to a photovoltaic system due to its good performance, fast response and less fluctuations, when subjected to sudden climatic changes.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Investigating scale effects on breach evolution of overtopped sand embankments (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Publication date: Available online 30 November 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Mohamed Mohamed Abdellatif Mohamed, Entesar Abdallh Soliman El-Ghorab The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of scale on embankment breach processes. Relatively large scale physical models to study the embankment breach processes are expensive and time consuming. Relatively small scale experiments give better opportunity to explore the embankment breach events, but the scale effect should be considered. In this study, two small scale overtopped sand embankments were investigated in a laboratory flume. The results of these experiments are compared with the results of a previously studied large scale experiment. The analysis shows that, both the large and the small scale embankments follow almost the same embankment erodibility processes and the same rate of breach. It can be concluded that, small scale embankments can be used to study breaching events due to overtopping even with the scale effect.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
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    Validation method of organochlorine pesticides residues in water using gas chromatography–quadruple mass (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Publication date: Available online 30 November 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Hanan Abd El-Gawad In analytical chemistry laboratories, it is critical to have a sensitive method to provide applicable qualitative and quantitative data. This research aimed to determine validated optimized method and acceptable Profession Test (PT) results of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) using gas chromatography operating with quadruple mass spectrophotometer (GC–QMS) and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) technique. This will be used for acquiring accreditation and checking alternative instruments such as gas chromatography operational with flame ionization detector (GC–FID). Ismailia canal were selected to investigate organochlorine pesticides content in freshwater used for irrigation and drinking purposes. The obtained data for limit of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.159 to 0.254 with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) below 20% (4.18–6.12). method detection limit (MDL) ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 μg/ml and squared correlation coefficient (R 2 ) ranged from 0.9992 to 0.9999. The study concluded that application to real samples has been successfully assessed by optimized method.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
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    Free-surface elevation in open vortex flow controls (2016)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-21
    Description: Publication date: Available online 19 November 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Szymon Mielczarek, Jerzy M. Sawicki Among many practical applications in hydraulic engineering, rotational separators of a suspension and vortex flow controls may serve as especially interesting examples. This form of motion, despite some evident regularity, is a complex phenomenon so to describe it one should make use of CFD tools or pursue an experimental approach to the subject. Both of these possibilities are not very convenient, so any rational method that provides a possibility for calculating the velocity field and pressure distribution is welcome. For the considered class of technical objects, the family of kinematic models is to the purpose. The velocity field is described in this case by some algebraic relations, assumed arbitrarily on the basis of a qualitative evaluation of this field and the model constant is calculated from a delivered and dissipated energy in the energy balance. This method was effectively used in the description of rotational separators and pressure flow controls operation. This paper presents an application of such an approach to open flow regulators.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
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    Improving accuracy of downscaling rainfall by combining predictions of different statistical downscale models (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-21
    Description: Publication date: Available online 19 November 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Yassin Z. Osman, Mawada E. Abdellatif A flexible framework of multi-model of three statistical downscaling approaches was established in which predictions from these models were used as inputs to Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Traditional ANN, Simple Average Method (SAM), and combining models (SDSM, Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR), Generalized Linear Model (GLM)) were applied to a studied site in North-western England. Model performance criteria of each of the primary and combining models were evaluated. The obtained results indicate that different downscaling methods can gain diverse usefulness and weakness in simulating various rainfall characteristics under different circumstances. The combining ANN model showed more adaptability by acquiring better overall performance, while GLM, MLR and showed comparable results and the SDSM reveals relatively less accurate results in modelling most of the rainfall amount. Furthermore traditional ANN has been tested and showed poor performance in reproducing the observed rainfall compared with above methods. The results also show that the superiority of the combining approach model over the single models is promising to be implemented to improve downscaling rainfall at a single site.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Acknowledgment for Reviewers (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-14
    Description: Publication date: April 2016 Source: Water Science, Volume 30, Issue 1
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 7
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    Identification of salinization by bromide and fluoride concentration in coastal aquifers near Chennai, southern India (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-19
    Description: Publication date: Available online 17 August 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Indu S. Nair, K. Brindha, L. Elango This study aims to use fluoride as an additional indicator for seawater intrusion apart from the known effective geochemical indicators such as EC, TDS, sodium, chloride and bromide. Groundwater in a coastal part of Arani-Koratalaiyar river basin located north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India was assessed to determine its suitability for domestic purpose and to delineate the region affected by seawater intrusion. Fluoride concentration in groundwater samples from forty nine locations varied from 0.02 mg/l to 2.9 mg/l with an average of 0.5 mg/l. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, the permissible range of fluoride in drinking water is 0.6–1.5 mg/l. Fluoride concentration in groundwater of this area exceeds 1.5 mg/l in 6% of the groundwater samples and is below 0.6 mg/l in 74% of the groundwater samples. There is no known geological source for fluoride in this area. Spatial variation in fluoride concentration in groundwater indicates that the coastal areas have comparatively high fluoride due to seawater intrusion which was similar in comparison with EC and bromide concentration measured in groundwater. This study indicates that fluoride can be used as an indicator of seawater intrusion in coastal areas.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Nontraditional fishing port proposed at Edco city, Nile delta coast (2016)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-19
    Description: Publication date: Available online 17 August 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Walid El Sayed A nontraditional type of fishing port is proposed to be constructed at Edco city located on west side of the Nile Delta coast along the Mediterranean Sea. The fishermen of this city suffers from bone diseases as they use to push their boats manually to go in or out from the sea. The suggested port hasn’t any side effect on the coastal zone and it costs less than the traditional one. The field data collected by Coastal Research Institute (CoRI), research identity, has been analyzed and used as input of the two models. Shoreline survey was used to get the shoreline behavior along the study area and to calibrate the 1-D model. A two dimension model has been applied to get the wave distribution in the study area to study the wave behavior. The shoreline changes in the presence of the traditional port and the new one were conducted using one-dimensional numerical model. The study results showed that the proposed port has relatively low cost and has minimum coastal effect.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Salt accumulation in irrigated loamy soil; Lower Euphrates Valley, Syria (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-18
    Description: Publication date: Available online 16 July 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Sahar Salim Kamrakji, Abdel-Wahab Mohamed Amer, Sherif M.A. El-Didy, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfik In arid and semi-arid regions, soil salinity is a common problem threatening fertility of irrigated lands. The Lower Euphrates valley in Syria suffers from salt accumulation in soil because of the inappropriate climatic conditions, using the traditional methods in irrigation; flood irrigation. HYDRUS 1-D model was used to simulate water flow, salt transport and root water uptake processes in this area. Data from seventy soil profiles were acquired from the pedological reports obtained from the Ministry of Irrigation in Syria. Representative monthly evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) values in Deir Ez-Zor were taken from the FAO CLIMWAT database. The seventy soil profiles were grouped in fourteen zones distributed over the study area. For each zone, the monthly recharge and its salt concentration was estimated. The model was run for 24-month duration. The results showed increasing in soil salinity and, consequently, increasing in salts load transmitted into groundwater. Accordingly, mitigation measures have been suggested.
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Removal of methylene blue and rhodamine B from water by zirconium oxide/graphene (2016)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-18
    Description: Publication date: Available online 16 July 2016 Source: Water Science Author(s): Sumita Rani, Meenal Aggarwal, Mukesh Kumar, Sumit Sharma, Dinesh Kumar Methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B dyes (RB) were degraded from water using zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and zirconium oxide/graphene composites (ZrO 2 /GR) as photocatalyst. The photocatalytic efficiency was calculated from absorption spectra obtained using UV–visible spectroscopy. It has been observed that photodegradation time as well as photocatalytic efficiency increase with the concentration of catalyst up to a certain limit after which effect was reversed. The degradation was studied as a function of pH also. It was found that photocatalytic efficiency was more in alkaline medium than acidic medium. Degradation of RB takes place at higher value of pH as compared to MB. The degradation time for MB was 1 h using ZrO 2 which get reduced to 32 min using ZrO 2 /GR composite and for RB it reduced to 40 min (using ZrO 2 /GR) from 80 min (ZrO 2 ).
    Electronic ISSN: 1110-4929
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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