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  • 2010-2014  (339)
  • 2013  (339)
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  • 2010-2014  (339)
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  • 1
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    Distribution of large biomass particles in a sand-biomass fluidized bed: Experiments and modeling (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-31
    Description: The axial distribution of large biomass particles in bubbling fluidized beds comprised of sand and biomass is investigated in this study. The global and local pressure drop profiles are analyzed in mixtures fluidized at superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.2 to 1 m/s. In addition, the Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT) technique is employed to track the trajectory of a tracer mimicking the behavior of biomass particles in systems consisting of 2, 8 and 16% of biomass mass ratio. The effects of superficial gas velocity and the mixture composition on the mixing/segregation of the bed components are explored by analyzing the circulatory motion of the active tracer. Contrary to low fluidization velocity ( U =0.36 m/s), biomass circulation and distribution are enhanced at U =0.64 m/s with increasing the load of biomass particles. The axial profile of volume fraction of biomass along the bed is modeled on the basis of the experimental findings. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 2
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    Just-in-time reorganized PCA integrated with SVDD for chemical process monitoring (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Description: Although principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for chemical process monitoring, improvements in the selection of principal components (PCs) are still needed. Given that the determination of complicated and changing fault information is not guaranteed using offline-selected PCs, this study proposes a just-in-time reorganized PCA model that objectively selects the PCs online for process monitoring. The importance of the PCs is evaluated online by kernel density estimation. The PCs indicating more varied information are then selected to reorganize the PCA model. Given that the most useful fault information is concentrated, support vector data description is used to replace traditional statistics, thereby relaxing the Gaussian assumption of the process data. The monitoring performances of the proposed method are evaluated under three cases. Compared with conventional PCA methods, more varied information is captured online, and the monitoring performances are improved. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 3
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    Ionomer covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by radical polymerization of zirconium acrylate (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Description: A facile and efficient covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via peroxide-mediated free radical covalent attachment and polymerization of zirconium acrylate (ZA) is reported. The resulting covalently functionalized SWCNTs exhibit improved solubility in organic solvents. The covalently functionalized SWCNTs are characterized by cross polarization magic angle spinning 13 C NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy reveals that carboxylate groups of covalently attached ionomers chelate with zirconium ions and the participating carboxylate groups may be from different ionomer chains leading to cross-linking the chains. The SWCNT topology, ionic clustering, and π-electron clouds were explored by tunneling electron microscopy. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 4
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    Transport and deposition patterns in drying sessile droplets (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Description: The literature on drying sessile droplets and deposition of suspended material is reviewed including the simple explanation of the “coffee ring” deposit given by Deegan et al. 1 Analytical and numerical solutions for the flow are given, including the effect of Marangoni stresses, pinning or movement of the contact line, and viscous, thermal, gravitational, and other effects. The solution space is explored using dimensionless groups governing mass, momentum, and heat transfer effects in the droplet, external gas, and substrate. The most common types of deposition patterns are summarized, including those produced by pinned contact lines, sticking-and-slipping contact lines, and Marangoni effects. The influence of contact-line deposits is also reviewed, and the effects of colloidal, polymeric, and other depositing materials. Advanced applications from ink-jet printing to disease diagnosis are discussed as well. The review helps readers take stock of what has been learned and what remains incompletely explained. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 5
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    The viscous drag on solids moving though solids (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-27
    Description: This paper provides an extension of the theory of Ornstein (1906) and Nye (1967) for the drag force on circular wires and other solid bodies creeping through ice by means of pressure-melting and regelation. Nye's theory leads to a form of Stokes law, with rates controlled by heat conduction and lubrication ow in a thin water layer between ice and solid body. New analytical solutions are given for the corresponding drag force and torque on elliptical cylinders and spheroids for the special case of thermally thin water layers and for certain special forms of uncoupled translation and rotation that allow for single-harmonic temperature fields. The present results differ from those proposed by Nye for general body shapes in the limit of negligible thermal resistance of the water layer. Also, the present results for the drag force on elliptic cylinders do not agree with the formulae derived by Tyvand & Bejan (1992) for small ellipticity. A brief review is given of various effects that might account for certain departures of the Nye theory from experiment on circular wires, in the hope that the present results may suggest simpler experiments aimed at systematic modi_cation of the theory to account for such anomalies. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 6
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    Effect of reaction conditions on supercritical hexanes mediated higher alcohol synthesis over a Cu-Co-Zn catalyst (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Description: Higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from syngas over a Cu-Co based catalyst was investigated under supercritical hexanes conditions. The effects of hexanes/syngas molar ratio, H 2 /CO molar ratio and GHSV on gas phase HAS (GP-HAS) and supercritical hexanes phase HAS (SC-HAS) was investigated. The CO conversion remained relatively constant with increases in the hexanes/syngas molar ratio, while the CH 4 selectivity decreased. Higher alcohol productivity was found to increase monotonically with an increase in the hexanes/syngas molar ratio. Productivity of higher alcohols increased with an increase in the H 2 /CO ratio under the gas phase conditions. An opposite trend in higher alcohol productivity with H 2 /CO was observed in SC-HAS. Further experiments were performed using argon as the reaction medium for comparison with the supercritical hexanes medium results. The enhanced higher alcohol productivity observed in this system can be attributed to improved extraction of alcohol products from the catalyst pores under the supercritical conditions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 7
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    Modeling of aggregation kernel using Monte Carlo simulations of spray fluidized bed agglomeration (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Description: The present work attempts to consider the microscopic mechanisms of spray fluidized bed agglomeration when modeling the macroscopic kinetics of the process. A micro-scale approach, constant volume Monte-Carlo simulation, is used to analyze the effects of micro-processes on the aggregation behavior and identify the influencing parameters. The identified variables, namely the number of wet particles, the total number of particles, and the number of droplets are modeled and combined in the form of an aggregation kernel. The proposed kernel is then used in a one-dimensional population balance equation for predicting the particle number density distribution. The only fitting parameters remaining in the population balance system are the collision frequency per particle and a success fraction accounting for the dissipation of kinetic energy. Predictions of the population balance model are compared with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations for a variation of significant operating parameters and found to be in good agreement. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 8
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    Maximum-likelihood maximum-entropy constrained probability density function estimation for prediction of rare events (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: This work addresses the problem of estimating complete probability density functions from historical process data that are incomplete (lack information on rare events), in the framework of Bayesian networks. In particular, this paper presents a method of estimating the probabilities of events for which historical process data have no record. The rare event prediction problem becomes more difficult and interesting when an accurate first-principles model of the process is not available. To address this problem, a novel method of estimating complete multivariate probability density functions is proposed. This method uses the maximum entropy and maximum likelihood principles. It is tested on mathematical and process examples, and the application and satisfactory performance of the method in risk assessment and fault detection are shown. Also, the proposed method is compared with a few copula methods and a non-parametric kernel method, in terms of performance, flexibility, interpretability, and rate of convergence. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 9
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    Magnetically-induced agitation in liquid-liquid-magnetic nanoparticle emulsions – Potential for process intensification (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: Microscopic mixing using magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) unveils exciting ramifications for process intensification in chemical engineering. The present study explores the use of oil-in-water MNP emulsions to achieve mixing in a non-magnetic continuous phase tantamount to that occurring in equivalent dilute ferrofluid suspensions. To assess the technique, measurements of the torque exerted by ferrofluid emulsions and suspensions of equal magnetic content were performed in rotating, oscillating and static magnetic fields. Results show that momentum transfer is fairly alike in amplitude and proportionality for the two types of systems of equal magnetic content under the three types of magnetic fields. This implies that momentum of spinning nanoparticles in the emulsions is transferable to the oil droplets containing them which, in return is then transferred to surrounding non-magnetic liquid. The magnitude of the resulting mixing allows for the foresight of a versatile MNP mixing technology completely separated from the target phase being mixed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 10
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    A novel rheometer design for yield stress fluids (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: An inexpensive, rapid method for measuring the rheological properties of yield stress fluids is described and tested. The method employs an auger that does not rotate during measurements, and avoids material and instrument-related difficulties, e.g., wall slip and the presence of large particles, associated with yield stress fluids. The method can be used for many types of yield stress fluids, including concentrated lignocellulosic biomass. Sample preparation prior to measurement is minimal, reducing or eliminating disruption of the sample. We show that measurements using this technique compare well with measurements obtained with a vane rheometer. A variation of the described method is proposed that would make it easier to measure time-dependent rheological properties. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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