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  • Articles  (385)
  • 2010-2014  (385)
  • 2013  (348)
  • 2011  (37)
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  • Articles  (385)
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  • 2010-2014  (385)
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  • 1
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    Advances in $hbox{CO}_{2}$ Observations From AIRS and ACOS (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) archives and distributes pioneering collections of data on atmospheric greenhouse gases. In September of 2012, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) marked a decade of tropospheric observations of carbon dioxide $( hbox{CO}_{2})$ . Most recently, the Atmospheric $hbox{CO}_{2}$ Observations from Space (ACOS) project and GES DISC released $ hbox{CO}_{2}$ retrievals derived from radiances observed by the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) satellite, launched in 2009. In this letter, we present the most recent estimates of decadal mid-tropospheric trends of $hbox{CO}_{2}$ from AIRS, as well as the most recent status of the total column-average distribution of $ hbox{CO}_{2}$ from ACOS. We also demonstrate that significant discrepancies still exist in the global distribution of observed and modeled column amounts of $hbox{CO}_{2}$ using the $hbox{CO}_{2}$ retrievals from the ACOS project.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-0571
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 2
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    An Amplitude-Preserved Time–Frequency Peak Filtering Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition for Seismic Random Noise Reduction (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: Time–frequency peak filtering (TFPF) is a classical filtering method in time-frequency domain. It applies Wigner–Ville distribution to estimate the instantaneous frequency of an analytical signal. There is a pair of contradiction in this method, i.e., selecting a short window length may lead to good preservation for signal amplitude but bad random noise reduction whereas selecting a long window length may lead to serious attenuation for signal amplitude but effective random noise reduction. In order to make a good tradeoff between valid signal amplitude preservation and random noise reduction, we adopt empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to improve the TFPF results. The new idea is to utilize the decomposition characteristic of EMD which decomposes a signal to several modes from high to low frequency and to take advantage of the time-frequency filtering characteristic of TFPF which can recognize the valid signal component in the time-frequency plane in order to achieve effective random noise reduction together with good amplitude preservation. Through some experiments on synthetic seismic models and field seismic records, we show the better performance of the new method compared with the conventional TFPF.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 3
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    Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Relaxed Clustering Assumption and Spatial Laplace Regularizer (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: In this letter, a relaxed clustering assumption and spatial Laplace-regularizer-based semisupervised hyperspectral image classifier is proposed. Considering the mixed pixels and noise intrinsic in hyperspectral image, we relax the clustering assumption employed in most of the available classifiers so that the similar hyperspectral vectors tend to share the “similar” labels instead of the “same” label, to formulate a modified spectral similarity regularizer. Moreover, the spatial homogeneity assumption is cast on hyperspectral pixels to construct a spatial regularizer, to overcome the salt-and-pepper misclassification of images. The effectiveness of our proposed method is evaluated via experiments on AVIRIS data, and the results show that it exhibits state-of-the-art performance, particularly when there are a small number of training samples.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 4
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    A SAR Image Registration Method Based on Pixel Migration of Edge-Point Feature (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: In this letter, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image registration method based on edge-point features is presented to improve precision, robustness, and applicability of SAR image registration. First, an affine transformation model is decomposed into six parameters with explicit geometric meanings. Next, based on the strength and direction features of the edge point, a matching similarity criterion and a joint similarity metric, i.e., the square summation joint feature, are constructed. Then, the parameters of the transformation model between SAR images are solved with a modified genetic algorithm that is able to get a global optimal solution of the metric. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is validated with two SAR image registration experiments.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 5
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    Region-of-Interest Extraction Based on Frequency Domain Analysis and Salient Region Detection for Remote Sensing Image (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: Traditional approaches for detecting visually salient regions or targets in remote sensing images are inaccurate and prohibitively computationally complex. In this letter, a fast, efficient region-of-interest extraction method based on frequency domain analysis and salient region detection (FDA-SRD) is proposed. First, the HSI transform is used to preprocess the remote sensing image from RGB space to HSI space. Second, a frequency domain analysis strategy based on quaternion Fourier transform was employed to rapidly generate the saliency map. Finally, the salient regions are described by an adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm based on Gaussian Pyramids. Compared with existing models, the new algorithm is computationally more efficient and provides more visually accurate detection results.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 6
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    Adaptive Through-Wall Indication of Human Target with Different Motions (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: Through-wall indication of human targets is highly desired in many applications. Generally, human targets behind wall are noncooperative, and rare prior knowledge about the circumstance behind wall could be available. Thus, it requires the ability to indicate human targets with different motions from clutters. To investigate this problem, we first examine the conventional time-domain indication methods, and find that their performances are controlled by the historical pulse number adopted to estimate background, which corresponds to the tap-length from the angle of filter. Then, based on an intermittent mode of human target echoes, we define the optimum tap-length as the shortest tap-length that makes the filter output signal-to-clutter-and-noise ratio reach maximum and develop an adaptive indication method with a gradient tap-length control scheme to search the optimum tap-length. Finally, through-wall experiments with an impulse through-wall radar demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain a good adaptive indication performance on human target with different motions.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 7
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    Interpolation-Free Stolt Mapping for SAR Imaging (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: Interpolation-free Stolt mapping, based on Fourier transform and phase multiplications, is proposed. Benefiting from this method, an efficient wavenumber domain algorithm $({rm E}{-}omega{-}k)$ can be achieved for generic synthetic aperture radar imaging. The method is finally demonstrated using simulated data.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 8
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    Contrast and Error-Based Fusion Schemes for Multispectral Image Pansharpening (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: The pansharpening process has the purpose of building a high-resolution multispectral image by fusing low spatial resolution multispectral and high-resolution panchromatic observations. A very credited method to pursue this goal relies upon the injection of details extracted from the panchromatic image into an upsampled version of the low-resolution multispectral image. In this letter, we compare two different injection methodologies and motivate the superiority of contrast-based methods both by physical consideration and by numerical tests carried out on remotely sensed data acquired by IKONOS and Quickbird sensors.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 9
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    VecStatGraphs2D, A Tool for the Analysis of Two-Dimensional Vector Data: An Example Using QuikSCAT Ocean Winds (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: Circular or directional data are used in disciplines such as meteorology, geomatics, biology, and geology. The analysis of angular data requires special methods that are available in some statistical packages. However, these tools analyze only the angular values and do not include the vector modules, assuming unit vectors in all cases. In this letter, an open-source graphic and statistical package, i.e., VecStatGraphs2D, is described. It works in the R environment and provides statistics and graphics for modules (linear) and azimuths (circular), as well as graphics for the joint analysis of modules and azimuths. QuikSCAT satellite wind data are used to demonstrate some features of the package. QuikSCAT data are non-unit-length vectors, where both azimuth and magnitude (speed) are derived from $u$ and $v$ vector components (vector projections over the $x$ - and $y$ -axes). The example is used to show the seasonal change of winds in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a key area in the ocean bird migration from the North to South Atlantic oceans.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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  • 10
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    Classification of Very High Spatial Resolution Imagery Based on a New Pixel Shape Feature Set (2013)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-14
    Description: This letter presents a novel spatial features extraction method for the high spatial resolution multispectral imagery (HSRMI) classification. First, Canny filter algorithm is applied to extract the edge information to obtain the fuzzy edge map. Secondly, adaptive threshold value for each pixel's homogeneous region (PHR) calculation is determined based on the fuzzy edge map and original image. Next, the PHR for every pixel is obtained based on the fuzzy edge map, adaptive threshold value and original image. And then, the pixel shape feature set (PSFS) is extracted based on the PHR. Lastly, SVM classifier is applied to classify the hybrid spectral and PSFS. Two different experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of PSFS, in comparison with spectral, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the existing pixel shape index (PSI). Experimental results indicate that the PSFS achieved the highest accuracy, hence, providing an effective spectral–spatial classification method for the HSRMI.
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
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