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  • Articles  (261)
  • 2015-2019  (261)
  • Radiochemistry  (261)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: A natural polymineral compound in which the major uranium-containing mineral is polycrase (Ti- Ta-niobate) described by the formula АВ 2 О 6 was chosen as a model for studying the behavior of recoil atoms produced by α-decay of actinides. Polycrase, despite its metamict structure, is characterized by the following features distinguishing it from Ti-Ta-niobates of the formula А 2 В 2 О 7 (pyrochlore and betafite): (1) 1/3 of uranium atoms preserve the initial valence state, U(IV); (2) the U(IV) fraction is characterized by the isotope activity ratio AR( 234 U/ 238 U) close to that at secular equilibrium; (3) the uranium atoms that underwent oxidation “memorize” their radiogenic origin; as a result, the AR( 234 U/ 238 U) ratio in the U(VI) fraction is 0.90, and in the most altered part of the mineral it decreases to 0.77; (4) the parent uranium is relatively stable in the metamict structure of polycrase: The half-leaching time for 238 U atoms is 2 times longer than that in betafite, zircon, or sphene.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: The radioactivity concentration of 210 Po, 226 Ra, and U in Cauvery river basin was analyzed using radiochemical analysis, emanometry, and LED fluorimetry, respectively. Due to transfer with water in cracks and pores, leaching, and heavy usage of phosphate fertilizers, 210 Po, 226 Ra, and U radionuclides get into the environmental samples studied. The 210 Po concentration ranges from 0.7 ± 0.11 to 5.0 ± 0.7 and from 0.83 ± 0.12 to 5.2 ± 0.8 mBq L –1 ; the 226 Ra concentration, from 11.7 ± 1.8 to 62 ± 9 and from 10.5 ± 1.6 to 68 ± 10 mBq L –1 ; and the U concentration, from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 4.4 ± 0.7 and from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 7.4 ± 1.1 ppb in river and borewell water samples, respectively.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1608-3288
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Coordination of Np(III–VII) atoms in the crystal structures of all the oxygen-containing compounds characterized with the R -factor lower than 0.1 was analyzed with the aid of Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra (VDPs). Nine types of NpO n coordination polyhedra (6 ≤ n ≤ 12) are realized. The most characteristic of them are trigonal dodecahedra [Np(IV)], penta- and hexagonal bipyramids [Np(V) and Np(VI)], and octahedra [Np(VII)] based on square NpO 4 – cores. For Np atoms of a fixed oxidation state, the volume of their VDPs in the NpO n complexes is virtually independent of the coordination number n . The VDP parameters can be used for determining the valence state of the Np atoms, finding compounds with the maximal nonlinearity of the NpO 2 + and NpO 2 2+ dioxocations, and revealing errors in the crystal structure data. Anion–anion interactions involving NpO 4 – and OH – ions are an important structure-forming factor in Np(VII) compounds. In sublattices consisting of Np atoms only (Np sublattices), the rule of 14 neighbors is fulfilled. Compounds in which binding Np···Np 5f interactions in crystal structures are possible were revealed by analysis of the VDPs of the atoms in the Np sublattices. In such compounds, the metal atoms form bent Np=O–Np bridging fragments and the Np V O 7 bipyramids are combined in dimers sharing a common axial edge, with the Np atoms of the dimers being also bound via two carboxylate bridges.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Two procedures for preparing the compounds M(NpO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) using boric acid were suggested. In the first procedure, samples of freshly prepared salts M 3 (NpO 5 ) 2 · n H 2 O (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) are treated with excess 0.5 M H 3 BO 3 with vigorous stirring. In the process, the initially light green salts rapidly transform into black products of the general composition M(NpO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O. In the second procedure, a measured volume of a Np(VII) solution with a known LiOH concentration was added to excess 0.5 M H3BO3 solution containing a calculated amount of Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba nitrate. The reaction yields black precipitates of the same compounds as in the previous case. After washing with water and drying in an oxygen stream, the final products contain a small impurity of Np(VI). The IR spectra suggest that the compounds obtained are structurally related to the previously studied salts MNpO 4 (M = K–Cs), i.e., in their lattices there are neptunium–oxygen layers built of NpO 2 3+ cations and bridging O atoms. New data on the properties of the compounds M 3 (NpO 5 ) 2 · n H 2 O with M = Ca, Sr, and Ba were also obtained.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2018-03-09
    Description: Oxiracetam was labeled with 99 m Tc using sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ) as a reducing agent. The influence exerted on the labeling yield by the amounts of the reducing agent and substrate, pH, temperature, and reaction time was studied to optimize the labeling process. Biodistribution studies show that the 99 m Tcoxiracetam complex is suitable as a highly selective tracer for brain imaging.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Hydrolysis is the prevalent mechanism of decomposition of benzo- and caprinohydroxamic acids (HAs) in nitric and perchloric acid solutions and in the equilibrium organic phase based on heptanol, decanol, and 30% TBP in С13 paraffin diluent. In the nitric acid system with alcohols, HAs undergo autocatalytic oxidation at temperatures raised over 50°С. In the case of BHA, the process occurs in both phases taken separately and on their mixing. In the case of caprinohydroxamic acid poorly soluble in HNO 3 solutions, the autocatalytic process occurs only at 70–80°С on mixing the phases; it tends to fade as the phase ratio n = О/A is increased from 1 to 10. This trend determines the conditions for Mo stripping in this system. In the practice of the 99 Mo production, the stripping efficiency can be increased by repeated contact with the addition of non-salt complexing agents (H 2 O 2 , H 2 C 2 O 4 , CH 3 CONHOH) into the system.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The oxidation state of Fe and U and the coordination surrounding of Fe in uranium-containing sodium aluminum iron phosphate glasses were determined by analysis of the Fe K and U L 3 X-ray absorption nearedge structure (XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57 Fe nuclei. Uranium is present in the glasses in the form of U(V) and U(VI), and iron, in the form of Fe(III) and Fe(II), mainly in the distorted octahedral surrounding. The fraction of U in various oxidation states depends on the form of untroducing uranium (UO 2 or UO 3 ) and on the oxide concentration. With an increase in the UO 3 concentration in glasses, the fraction of U(VI) increases and the fraction Fe(III) relative to Fe(II) decreases.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Solidification of an oil–absorbent suspension in a cement host material under laboratory conditions was performed. Magnesium oxide and N910 synthetic polymer were used as absorbents. Experiments were performed with radioactively contaminated spent VM-4 vacuum oil. Its fraction in the compounds was 20%. The chemical and immersion durability and the radiation resistance of the compound specimens obtained were studied for evaluating to what extent the compounds meet the regulation requirements to solidified radioactive waste. The oil-containing compounds formed using the suggested formulations meet the requirements of GOST (State Standard) R 51 883–2002 in these characteristics.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Causes of initiation of exothermic self-accelerating oxidation processes in mixtures of TBP with HNO 3 are analyzed. The main condition is heating of the mixtures to temperatures ( Т st ) above which the heat release in the chemical reaction starts to exceed the heat removal from the system. After the initiation of selfaccelerating exothermic reactions, their development and intensity depend on whether the vessels are sealed, on the HNO3 concentration, and on the heating time. Heat treatment and radiolysis of the extractant slightly decrease Т st of its mixtures with HNO 3 compared to the values for the “fresh” extractant.
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  • 20
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The reaction of the ozone–oxygen mixture with aqueous suspensions of Np(IV) and Pu(IV) oxalates was studied. Both metal cations and oxalate anions are oxidized in the process. The final products are Np(VI) and Pu(VI) hydroxides. The composition of Np(VI) hydroxide was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Oxidation of Np(IV) oxalate with oxygen leads to the accumulation of Np(V) oxalate and oxalic acid in the solution. At incomplete oxidation of Np(IV) oxalate with ozone in water, Np(V) is also accumulated. Heating considerably accelerates the ozonation. The possible reaction mechanism is briefly discussed. The Np(V) and Np(VI) ions participate in the catalytic cycle of the decomposition of oxalate ions with ozone.
    Print ISSN: 1066-3622
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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