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  • Articles  (67)
  • PAPER CURRENT  (67)
  • Springer  (67)
  • 2010-2014  (67)
  • 2013  (67)
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  • Articles  (67)
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  • PAPER CURRENT  (67)
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  • Springer  (67)
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  • 2010-2014  (67)
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  • 1
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    Dynamic shear modulus of undisturbed soil under different consolidation ratios and its effects on surface ground motion (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: The dynamic shear modulus for three types of undisturbed soil under different consolidation ratios is presented by using the resonant column test method. Its effects on surface ground motion is illustrated by calculation. The test results indicate that the power function is a suitable form for describing the relationship between the ratio of the maximum dynamic shear modulus due to anisotropic and isotropic consolidations and the increment of the consolidation ratio. When compared to sand, the increment of the maximum dynamic shear modulus for undisturbed soil due to anisotropic consolidation is much larger. Using a one-dimensional equivalent linearization method, the earthquake influence factor and the characteristic period of the surface acceleration are calculated for two soil layers subjected to several typical earthquake waves. The calculated results show that the difference in nonlinear properties due to different consolidation ratios is generally not very notable, but the degree of its influence on the surface acceleration spectrum is remarkable for the occurrence of strong earthquakes. When compared to isotropic consolidation, the consideration of actual anisotropic consolidation causes the characteristic period to decrease and the earthquake influence factor to increase.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 2
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    Dynamic interaction numerical models in the time domain based on the high performance scaled boundary finite element method (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: Consideration of structure-foundation-soil dynamic interaction is a basic requirement in the evaluation of the seismic safety of nuclear power facilities. An efficient and accurate dynamic interaction numerical model in the time domain has become an important topic of current research. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is improved for use as an effective numerical approach with good application prospects. This method has several advantages, including dimensionality reduction, accuracy of the radial analytical solution, and unlike other boundary element methods, it does not require a fundamental solution. This study focuses on establishing a high performance scaled boundary finite element interaction analysis model in the time domain based on the acceleration unit-impulse response matrix, in which several new solution techniques, such as a dimensionless method to solve the interaction force, are applied to improve the numerical stability of the actual soil parameters and reduce the amount of calculation. Finally, the feasibility of the time domain methods are illustrated by the response of the nuclear power structure and the accuracy of the algorithms are dynamically verified by comparison with the refinement of a large-scale viscoelastic soil model.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 3
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    Comparison of adaptive structural damage identification techniques in nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: Early structural damage identification to obtain an accurate condition assessment can assist in the reprioritization of structural retrofitting schedules in order to guarantee structural safety. Nowadays, seismic isolation technology has been applied in a wide variety of infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, etc., and the health conditions of these nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems have received considerable attention. To effectively detect structural damage in vibration isolation systems based on vibration data, three time-domain analysis techniques, referred to as the adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF), adaptive sequential nonlinear least-square estimation (ASNLSE) and adaptive quadratic sum-squares error (AQSSE), have been investigated. In this research, these analysis techniques are compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency, for structural damage detection using experimental data obtained through a series of laboratory tests based on a base-isolated structural model subjected to El Centro and Kobe earthquake excitations. The capability of the AEKF, ASNLSE and AQSSE approaches in tracking structural damage is demonstrated and compared.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 4
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    Condensed hyperelements method of non-vertical consistent boundaries for wave propagation analysis in irregular media (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: The study of wave propagation in finite/infinite media has many applications in geotechnical and structural earthquake engineering and has been a focus of research for the past few decades. This paper presents an analysis of 2D antiplane problems (Love waves) and 2D in-plane problems (Rayleigh waves) in the frequency domain in media consisting of a near-field irregular and a far-field regular part. The near field part may contain structures and its boundaries with the far-field can be of any shape. In this study, the irregular boundaries of the near-field are treated as consistent boundaries, extending the concept of Lysmer’s vertical consistent boundaries. The presented technique is called the Condensed Hyperelements Method (CHM). In this method, the irregular boundary is limited to a vertical boundary at each end that is a consistent boundary at the far-field side. Between the two ends, the medium is discretized with hyperelements. Using static condensation, the stiffness matrix of the far-field is derived for the nodes on the irregular boundary. Examples of the application of the CHM illustrate its excellent accuracy and efficiency.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 5
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    Reproducing fling-step and forward directivity at near source site using of multi-objective particle swarm optimization and multi taper (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: This paper presents a technique to reproduce compatible seismograms involving permanent displacement effects at sites close to the fault source. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to minimize the differences between the response spectra and multi-tapered power spectral densities corresponding to the recorded and simulated waveforms. The multi-taper method is used to reduce the spectral leakage that is inherent in the Fourier transformed form of waveforms, leading to a reduction of variance in power spectral amplitudes, thus permitting the calibration of the two sets of data. The technique is implemented using the 1998-Fandoqa (Iran) earthquake data and the results are compared with the actual observed data. Additionally, a comparison is made with a SAR interferometry study leading to fair agreement with the reported dislocation along the main fault. The simulation procedure and results are discussed and assessed concluding that, although the technique may be associated with uncertainties, it can still be used to reproduce waveforms at near source sites that include permanent dislocation, and can be used for seismic performance evaluation of structures in the region under study.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 6
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    Closure to “Discussion on ‘Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation’ by SA Mousavi and AK Ghorbani-Tanha” by Izuru Takewaki (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 7
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    Experimental study on seismic behavior of circular RC columns strengthened with pre-stressed FRP strips (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: Bonding fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been commonly used to improve the seismic behavior of circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns in engineering practice. However, FRP jackets have a significant stress hysteresis effect in this strengthening method, and pre-tensioning the FRP can overcome this problem. This paper presents test results of 25 circular RC columns strengthened with pre-stressed FRP strips under low cyclic loading. The pre-stressing of the FRP strips, types of FRP strips and longitudinal reinforcement, axial load ratio, pre-damage degree and surface treatments of the specimens are considered as the primary factors in the tests. According to the failure modes and hysteresis curves of the specimens, these factors are analyzed to investigate their effect on bearing capacity, ductility, hysteretic behavior, energy dissipation capacity and other important seismic behaviors. The results show that the initial lateral confined stress provided by pre-stressed FRP strips can effectively inhibit the emergence and development of diagonal shear cracks, and change the failure modes of specimens from brittle shear failure to bending or bending-shear failure with better ductility. As a result, the bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity of the strengthened specimens are all significantly improved.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 8
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    Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Nepal (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: The seismic ground motion hazard for Nepal has been estimated using a probabilistic approach. A catalogue of earthquakes has been compiled for Nepal and the surrounding region (latitude 26° N and 31.7° N and longitude 79° E and 90° E) from 1255 to 2011. The distribution of catalogued earthquakes, together with available geological and tectonic information were used to delineate twenty-three seismic source zones in Nepal and the surrounding region. By using the seismic source information and probabilistic earthquake hazard parameters in conjunction with a selected ground motion prediction relationship, peak ground accelerations (PGAs) have been calculated at bedrock level with 63%, 10%, and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The estimated PGA values are in the range of 0.07–0.16 g, 0.21–0.62 g, and 0.38–1.1 g for 63%, 10%, and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, respectively. The resulting ground motion maps show different characteristics of PGA distribution, i.e., high hazard in the far-western and eastern sections, and low hazard in southern Nepal. The quantified PGA values at bedrock level provide information for microzonation studies in different parts of the country.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 9
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    Test and simulation of full-scale self-centering beam-to-column connection (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: A new type of beam-to-column connection for steel moment frames, designated as a “self-centering connection,” is studied. In this connection, bolted top-and-seat angles, and post-tensioned (PT) high-strength steel strands running along the beam are used. The PT strands tie the beam flanges on the column flange to resist moment and provide self-centering force. After an earthquake, the connections have zero deformation, and can be restored to their original status by simply replacing the angles. Four full-scale connections were tested under cyclic loading. The strength, energy-dissipation capacity, hysteresis curve, as well as angles and PT strands behavior of the connections are investigated. A general FEM analysis program called ABAQUS 6.9 is adopted to model the four test specimens. The numerical and test results match very well. Both the test and analysis results suggest that: (1) the columns and beams remain elastic while the angles sustain plastic deformations for energy dissipation when the rotation of the beam related to the column equals 0.05 rad, (2) the energy dissipation capacity is enhanced when the thickness of the angle is increased, and (3) the number of PT strands has a significant influence on the behavior of the connections, whereas the distance between the strands is not as important to the performance of the connection.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 10
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    Transient analysis of 1D inhomogeneous media by dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-15
    Description: The dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method is studied for use in the transient analysis of onedimensional inhomogeneous media. The general formula of the inhomogeneous consistent mass matrix is established based on the shape function. In order to research the advantages of this method, it is compared with the general finite element method. A linear bar element is chosen for the discretization tests of material parameters with two fictitious distributions. And, a numerical example is solved to observe the differences in the results between these two methods. Some characteristics of the dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method that demonstrate its advantages are obtained through comparison with the general finite element method. It is found that the method can be used to solve elastic wave motion problems with a large element scale and a large number of iteration steps.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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