Cold Seep Epifaunal Communities on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Composition, Succession, and Vulnerability to Human Activities
Figure 4
North Tower seep, Opouawe Bank.
Observations from towed video camera transects showing distributions of: authigenic carbonate rocks (red, “chemoherm”; orange, “large blocks (>20 cm)”; yellow, “small blocks (<20 cm)”); Lamellibrachia sp. siboglinid tubeworms; disarticulated shell valves of Calyptogena sp. vesicomyid clams; live Calyptogena sp. clams; bacterial mats, and dark, sulphide-rich sediment patches colonised by ampharetid polychaetes. Transects are plotted against a side-scan sonar image of the seabed generated during SO191-2 (darker pixels indicate stronger acoustic backscatter). Labels in the top left panel show voyage and deployment number for each transect: TAN0616, RV Tangaroa 2006; SO191, RV Sonne 2007; SO214, RV Sonne 2011.