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Brucellosis in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: threat to animal production and wildlife conservation

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Review
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Abstract

This review was performed to gather knowledge about brucellosis in livestock and wildlife in the Brazilian Pantanal, a biome with a huge biodiversity and extensive livestock production. Following the preferred reporting items for narrative review guidelines and using the terms “Brucella” and “Pantanal,” we explored the PubMed, SciELO, Jstor, Science Direct, and Scholar Google databases. Information on host species, diagnostic test, number of positive animals, and positivity rates were acquired. Articles dating from 1998 to 2022 registered 14 studies including cattle, dogs, and the following wildlife species: Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Sus scrofa, Tayassu peccari, Nasua nasua, Cerdocyon thous, Panthera onca, Dasypus novemcintus, Cabassous unicinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Priodontes maximus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Brucella occurrence in cattle was demonstrated through the serological confirmatory test 2-mercaptoetanol. Molecular diagnosis detected Brucella abortus in dogs, smooth Brucella in O. beoarticus, and Brucella spp. in T. peccari. Cattle may have a pivotal importance in maintenance and spreading of Brucella spp. due to their high population density, environmental contamination from abortion of infected cows, and eventual excretion of B. abortus S19 strain from vaccinated heifers. The occurrence of Brucella spp. in O. bezoarticus and T. peccari represent a risk for wildlife conservation. These data indicate that Brucella spp. are enzootic in the Pantanal wetland, sustained by a reservoir system including domestic and wild mammals. Due to marked seasonality and large populations of wildlife species sharing same environments with livestock, brucellosis acquires great complexity in Pantanal and, therefore, must be analyzed considering both animal production and conservation.

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Funding

This work was financed in part by the fostering agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (productivity scholarship—number 308768/2017–5) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (doctoral scholarship—number 88887.149245/2017–00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), 79117-010, Av. TamandaréJardim Seminário 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 6000, Brazil

    Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo, Heitor Miraglia Herrera, Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio, Filipe Martins Santos, William Oliveira de Assis, Gisele Braziliano de Andrade, Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes & Carina Elisei de Oliveira

  2. Department of Animal Health, Extremadura University (UEX) 10003, Cáceres, Spain

    Javier Hermoso de Mendoza

  3. Innovation in Management and Conservation of Ungulates (INGULADOS) 10002, Cáceres, Spain

    Pedro Fernández-Llario

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de Macedo, G.C., Herrera, H.M., de Oliveira Porfírio, G.E. et al. Brucellosis in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: threat to animal production and wildlife conservation. Braz J Microbiol 53, 2287–2297 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00831-0

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