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Human highly modified landscapes restrict gene flow of the largest neotropical canid, the maned wolf

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A Correction to this article was published on 19 October 2022

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Abstract

Human-modified landscapes have been threatening mammal populations worldwide. However, little is known about the genetic consequences of these impacts in long term for most species. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structuring of a top predator, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), to investigate genetic signatures that could be explained by anthropogenic threats. We collected non-invasive samples from scats, tissue from road-killed and blood from captured animals, which were analyzed by a set of nine microsatellite loci. We assessed the genetic population structure of 105 individuals using Bayesian and discriminant factorial components. Additionally, we measured the genetic diversity and gene flow, and evaluated bottleneck signatures. Genetic analyses revealed a spatial population structuring between central-western and southeastern populations, that is likely due to the reduction of gene flow. Both central-western and southeastern populations showed similar genetic diversity values and signatures of a recent bottleneck. It is suggested that maned wolf population structuring observed is a consequence of the huge human landscape modification, for agribusiness purposes occurring during the past century. It is inferred that both gene flow reduction and recent bottlenecks may compromise the genetic variation maintenance within local populations and negatively affect the long-term persistence of this wild and unique canid. Our results may be useful for defining international conservation actions considering landscape and population conectivity of this charismatic though Near Threatened to extinction Neotropical species, and helpful for the National Action Plan for Brazilian Canids Conservation.

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Acknowledgements

This research is due to the SISBIOTA Top Predators network and the authors thank to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 563299/2010-0) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2010/52315-7). KGRC thanks to CNPq (140689/2013-3) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES, Finance Code 001), and PMGJ thanks to CNPq (308385/2014-4; 303524/2019-7). We also thank IDEA WILD for financial support for DNA sequencing services. We are deeply grateful with all team from “Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado/PCMC”, “Bandeiras e Rodovias” and “Tatu-Canastra – Pantanal”, and everyone who contributed providing samples. We also thank CENAP/ICMBio, Pró-Carnívoros Institute, Parque Ecológico de São Carlos (PESC) for sample collection; and the Protected Areas accessed (EEI, EEJ, PEV, EEC, FLONA-CB, AFA -Pirassununga) and Fazenda Rio Claro Duratex® for permission for sample collection. Authors also thank anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions on previous version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest/Competing interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest (No copyright, financial or ethical issues).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rodriguez-Castro Karen Giselle & Galetti Jr. Pedro Manoel

  2. Programa de Conservação Mamíferos do Cerrado, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Catalão, Goiás, Brazil

    Lemos Frederico Gemesio, Azevedo Fernanda Cavalcanti & Freitas-Junior Mozart Caetano

  3. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Murrayfield, Edinburgh, Scotland

    Desbiez Arnaud Léonard Jean

  4. Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil

    Desbiez Arnaud Léonard Jean

Authors
  1. Rodriguez-Castro Karen Giselle
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  2. Lemos Frederico Gemesio
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  3. Azevedo Fernanda Cavalcanti
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  4. Freitas-Junior Mozart Caetano
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  5. Desbiez Arnaud Léonard Jean
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  6. Galetti Jr. Pedro Manoel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodriguez-Castro Karen Giselle.

Ethics declarations

We declare that this work was approved by Ethic Committees and no ethical matter was misappropriated. This study followed the Brazilian environmental laws and were approved by the Ethic Committees on Animals Using (CEUA. Procedures with handling of wild maned wolves followed recommendations of the American Society of Mastozoology and were approved by the Brazilian governmental agency (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio/SISBIO. Accessing the genetic resources was registered under SisGen license. All committees, agencies and process numbers are cited in the manuscript.

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Communicated by Karen E. Hodges.

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Karen Giselle, RC., Frederico Gemesio, L., Fernanda Cavalcanti, A. et al. Human highly modified landscapes restrict gene flow of the largest neotropical canid, the maned wolf. Biodivers Conserv 31, 1229–1247 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02385-x

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