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Seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton in the Arctic Kongsfjord (Svalbard) during year-round observations from August 1998 to July 1999

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Abstract

We conducted a year-round mesozooplankton study in the Arctic Kongsfjord from August 1998 until July 1999 to investigate seasonal abundance and vertical as well as stage distributions of the prevalent taxa. It is the first investigation in Kongsfjord that covers the Arctic winter season and provides reasonable estimates also of small-sized copepod species. Abundant smaller copepods comprised Oithona similis, Pseudocalanus minutus, Microcalanus spp., Triconia borealis and Acartia longiremis. Among the larger copepods, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus and Metridia longa dominated. The thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina was also an important component. Abundance maxima occurred in November (988,669 ind. m−2) with one to two orders of magnitude higher numbers as compared to all other months (39,832–200,067 ind. m−2). The summers of 1998 and 1999 were characterized by intrusions of Atlantic water, but the community was not entirely dominated by advected boreal species. During winter, the majority of the mesozooplankton occurred below 100 m. Advection is the most likely reason for the accumulation of zooplankton at depth in winter, but local production may also contribute to high overwintering numbers. Much lower abundances of most species in spring suggest high winter mortality and emphasize the importance of sufficient reproductive success during the previous summer to ensure enough winter survivors as seed stock for the coming reproductive season. This study was conducted prior to the recent warming trend in the Arctic. Therefore, it provides valuable baseline data and allows comparing present and future states of the zooplankton community in Kongsfjord.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the University Courses on Svalbard (UNIS) and the staff of the Koldewey Station of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Ny Ålesund for providing excellent logistic facilities and support during the 1-year field period. Special thanks to Ole Jørgen Lønne for supervising the project during the 1-year stay at UNIS as well as to Dirk Römermann for always providing support with regard to technical help, manpower and collecting zooplankton. We are also grateful to all volunteers who helped during the field work: Bodil Bluhm, Stefan Claes, Haakon Hop, Fred Skancke Hansen, Ole-Jørgen Lønne, Wojtek Moskal, Michael Poltermann, Sten Richard Richardsen and the crews of R/V Jan Mayen, a Norwegian coastguard vessel (R/V Lance), and R/V Oceania. Jan Marcin Weslawski and his team from the Polish Institute for Oceanology in Sopot are gratefully acknowledged for collecting the July zooplankton samples. We also thank Michael Greenacre and three anonymous referees for helpful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. The sampling period on Svalbard was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HA 1706/4-1).

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  1. GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Silke Lischka

  2. BreMarE Bremen Marine Ecology, Marine Zoology (FB2), Bremen University, P.O. Box 330 440, 28344, Bremen, Germany

    Wilhelm Hagen

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Correspondence to Silke Lischka.

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This article belongs to the special issue on the “Kongsfjorden ecosystem—new views after more than a decade of research,” coordinated by Christian Wiencke and Haakon Hop.

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Lischka, S., Hagen, W. Seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton in the Arctic Kongsfjord (Svalbard) during year-round observations from August 1998 to July 1999. Polar Biol 39, 1859–1878 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-2005-z

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