Do protection gradients explain patterns in herbivore densities? An example with ungulates in Zambia’s Luangwa Valley
Table 1
A summary of all covariates that were thought to impact herbivore density, classified as Bottom-up (B), Top-down (T), Anthropogenic (A), or Abiotic (AB).
Covariates were considered in distance sampling models to impact group super-population (λ), availability for sampling (φ), or detection (p). Covariates were (Y) or were not (N) considered in models predicting group size.