Novel and Lost Forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from New Estimates of Settlement-Era Composition, Stem Density, and Biomass
Fig 2
Structural characteristics of PLS era forests.
Total stem density (a) in the Upper Midwest, along with forest type classification (b) based on PLSS data and the stem density thresholds defined by Anderson and Anderson [44] (Prairie: < 0.5 stems ha-1; Savanna: 0.5–47 stems ha-1; Forested: > 47 stems ha-1). Fine lines represent major rivers. To a first order, basal area (c) and biomass (d) show similar patterns to stem density (but see Fig 3).