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Lead mobilization during foreland metamorphism in orogenic belts: Examples from northern Sweden

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Zusammenfassung

Die Verschuppung des proterozoischen Grundgebirges während der kaledonischen Gebirgsbildung war von einer Fluidinfiltration begleitet, die lokal eine retrograde Metamorphose des Grundgebirges bewirkte und die externes, radiogenes Blei (206Pb/206Pb > 20.0) in permeablen Zonen zuführte. Dieses radiogene Blei ist aus dem proterozoischen Grundgebirge ausgelaugt worden. Im Osten der heutigen Front der Kaledoniden ist das radiogene Blei ein geeigneter geochemischer Indikator der kaledonischen Verschuppung des proterozoischen Grundgebirges, da lithostratigraphische Leithorizonte fehlen und die Verteilung der retrograden Metamorphose auch ein proterozoisches Ereignis widerspiegeln könnte.

Die Verteilung der radiogenen Sulfidbleizusammensetzungen deutet eine mit der kaledonischen Orogenese zusammenhängende Zone chemischer und mechanischer Mobilisierung des proterozoischen Grundgebirges an, die sich bis etwa 100 km östlich der heutigen Front der kaledonischen Decken erstreckt. Dieses radiogene Blei tritt hauptsächlich zusammen mit N-S bis 20°E streichenden Mylonitzonen auf, die oft an Suprakrustalgesteine, wie zum Beispiel pelitische Schiefer und mafische Vulkanite, gebunden sind. Im Gegensatz dazu tritt nichtradiogenes Blei hauptsächlich in Vererzungen, die mit sauren Suprakrustalgestemen assoziiert sind, und östlich der verschuppten und chemisch aktivierten Zone auf. Diese Zone fällt ungefähr mit der geographischen Verteilung der Bougueranomalieminima, des Metamorphosegrades und der Verwerfungssysteme zusammen.

Abstract

The imbrication of the Proterozoic basement during the Caledonian orogeny was associated with fluid flow, which caused locally low-grade retrograde metamorphism of the basement, and which introduced externally derived radiogenic lead (206Pb/204Pb > 20.0) into permeable zones. This radiogenic lead was leached from the Proterozoic basement. To the east of the present-day Caledonian front, radiogenic lead is a pertinent geochemical tracer of the Caledonian imbrication of the Proterozoic basement, since lithostratigraphic marker beds are absent and the distribution of the retrograde metamorphism also could reflect a Proterozoic event.

The distribution of radiogenic sulfide lead compositions suggests a zone of chemical and mechanical reactivation of the Proterozoic basement related to the Caledonian orogeny, that extends ca. 100 km to the east of the present border of the Caledonian nappes. Such radiogenic lead mainly occurs in conjunction with N-S to 20°E striking mylonite zones which often are bound to supracrustal rocks, e.g. such as pelitic schists and mafic vulcanites, while non-radiogenic lead compositions have been observed in mineralizations associated with acid supracrustal rocks and to the east of the imbricated and chemically active zone of the Proterozoic basement, which approximately coincides with the geographic distribution of Bouguer anomaly lows, metamorphic grade, and fault pattern.

Résumé

L'imbrication du socle protérozoïque pendant l'orogénése calédonienne a été associée à la circulation de fluides qui ont localement provoqué un métamorphisme rétrograde du socle et qui ont transporté du plomb radiogénique externe (206Pb/204Pb > 20.0) dans les zones perméables. Ce plomb radiogénique a été lessivé des roches protérozoïques du socle. A l'est du front actuel des Calédonides, le plomb radiogénique représente un bon indicateur géochimique de l'imbrication calédonienne du socle protérozoïque, parce qu'il n'y a pas d'horizon de repère et que la distribution du métamorphisme rétrograde peut aussi résulter d'un événement protérozoïque.

La distribution des compositions isotopiques du plomb radiogénique des sulfures indique une zone de réactivation chimique et mécanique du socle proterozoïque liée à l'orogenèse calédonienne, qui s'étend sur environ 100 km à l'est de la limite actuelle des nappes calédoniennes. Un tel plomb radiogénique se retrouve plus spécialement en relation avec des zones mylonitiques orientées N-S à 20 °E qui sont souvent confinées aux roches supracrustales, tels que des schistes pélitiques et des roches volcaniques acides. Cependant, des compositions isotopiques non radiogéniques de plomb ont été trouvées dans des minerais associés à des roches supracrustales acides, à l'est de la zone du socle protérozoïque imbriqué et activé. Cette zone coïncide approximativement avec la distribution géographique des minima des anomalies de Bouguer, des faciés métamorphiques et du type de failles.

Краткое содержание

Образование чешуи в п ротерозойских основ ных породах во время кале донского горообразо вательного процесса сопровожда лось инфильтрацией флюидов, которые прив одили локально к ретр оградному метаморфизму пород э тих гор и вносили чуже родный радиогенный свинец (206РЬ/204РЬ > 20.0) в зоны пермеабельност и. Этот радиогенный св инец оказался выщелоченн ым из протерозойских основных пород. На востоке сего дняшнего фронта Кале донид этот радиогенный сви нец является подходя щим геохимическим индик атором при изучении процесса образовани я чешуи в этих породах во время каледонского горооб разовательного проц есса, т.к. литостратиграфичес кие ведущие горизонт ы здесь отсутствуют, а распре деление ретроградно го метаморфизма может отображать соб ытия, имевшие место в протерозое.

Распределение сульф ида радиогенного сви нца указывает на химическую и механ ическую мобилизацию протерозойских осно вных пород, связанную с каледонским горообразовательны м процессом, которую теперь прослеживают на расстоянии до 100 км в осточнее сегодняшнего фронта каледонского покров а. Этот радиогенный сви нец появляется гл. обр. в зоне милонизации, простир ающейся на северо-юг д о 20°Е, и часто связанной с кристаллиновыми пор одами, как напр.: с пелитовыми сланцами и мафически ми вулканитами. Зато сви нец не радиогенного происхождения встречается преимущ ественно в зоне рудоо бразований, связанных с кислыми п ородами верхней части Земной коры и во сточнее чешуйчатой и химически активиров анной зоны. Эта зона пр имерно совпадает с географи ческим распределени ем минимумом аномалии Bouguer'a, степенью м етаморфизма и системой сбросов.

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  1. R. L. Romer

    Present address: Dept. Econ. Geol., Luleå University, S-951 87, Luleå, Sweden

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    Romer, R.L. Lead mobilization during foreland metamorphism in orogenic belts: Examples from northern Sweden. Geol Rundsch 79, 693–707 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01879209

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