Re-assessment of ossicle frequency patterns in sediment cores: rate of sedimentation related to Acanthaster planci

Abstract

Data on Acanthaster planci skeletal element distribution in reefal subsurface sediment cores of two reefs of the central Great Barrier Reef (Walbran et al. 1989 a, b) were shown to be readily interpretable after a timescaled evaluation of element frequencies. After re-scaling using ¹⁴C bulk sediment ages, high frequencies of elements were recognized in the top layers of John Brewer Reef sediment cores and attributed to the two recent A. planci population outbreaks. Beneath these top layers, the subsurface sediments contain consistently low element frequencies down to bulk-sediment ages of 7750±100 years BP. From Green Island, the maximum abundance of skeletal elements was found in the sediment layers of about 1900 to 2300 years BP in some cores, but patterns were too inconsistent and the number of cores too small to suggest former A. planci outbreaks from these data. A strong correlation was found between the frequency of A. planci elements and the rate of sedimentation per time unit in sediment cores of all sites. This correlation was attributed to increased erosion of coral reefs as a consequence of the activities of high-density populations of A. planci. We conclude that reef erosion, after intense predation of reef-constructing organisms, has to be considered when causes of deterioriation of reef growth or termination of a reef facies in the geological past are discussed.