Abstract
Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier strain C21 (C. johnsonae C21) contains phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unusual glycine-containing lipid (glycine lipid), and two kinds of unidentified lipid as major lipid components. One of the latter lipids was identified by chemical and physicochemical methods as iso-3-hydroxy fatty acid, α-amide linked to ornithine and esterified to iso-nonhydroxy fatty acid (ornithine lipid). The other lipid was identified as a sulfonolipid by a tracer experiment using 35S. PE, glycine lipid and sulfonolipid were found in all seven species of Cytophage examined, namely, C. huchinsonii, C. heparina, C. johnsonae C21, C. aquatilis, and three unidentified species of Cytophaga. However, ornithine lipid was found only in the latter five species. By contrast, a serine-containing lipid, which is a specific lipid component of Flavobacterium species, was not found in any species of Cytophaga examined. The possible use and significance of amino acid-containing lipids and sulfonolipids as chemosystematic markers of the Cytophaga species are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AsselineauJ, PichinotyF, PromeD, PromeJC (1988) Composition des lipides complexes de Flavobacterum meningosepticum. Ann Inst Pasteur/Microbiol 139: 159–170
BauwensM and DeLeyJ (1981) Improvements in the taxonomy of Flavobacterium by DNA: rRNA hybridizations. In: ReichenbachH, WeeksOB (eds) The Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim Basel, pp 27–31
BlighEG, DyerWJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911–917
CalliesE, MannheimW (1978) Classification of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex on the basis of respiratory quinones and fumarate respiration. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28: 14–19
FautzE, GrotjahnL, ReichenbachH (1981) Hydroxy fatty acids as valuable chemosystematic markers in gliding bacteria and flavobacteria. In: ReichenbachH, WeeksOB (eds) The Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim Basel, pp 127–133
GodchauxIIIW, LeadbetterER (1983) Unusual sulfonolipids are characteristic of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter group. J Bacteriol 153: 1238–1246
GodchauxIIIW, LeadbetterER (1984) Sulfonolipids of gliding bacteria. J Biol Chem 259: 2982–2990
GodchauxIIIW, LeadbetterER (1988) Sulfonolipids are localized in the outer membrane of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae. Arch Microbiol 150: 42–47
HolmesB, OwenRJ, McMeekinTA (1984) Genus Flavobacterium Bergey, Bree, Hammer and Huntoon 1923, 97AL. In: KriegNR (ed) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 1. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 353–361
KawaiY, YanoI, KanedaK (1988) Various kinds of lipoamino acids including a novel serine-containing lipid in an opportunistic pathogen Flavobacterium. Eur J Biochem 171: 73–80
KawazoeR, OkuyamaH, ReichardtW, SasakiS (1991) Phospholipids and a novel glycine-containing lipoamino acid in Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier strain C21. J Bacteriol 173: 5470–5475
McMeekinTA, PattersonJT, MurrayJG (1971) An initial approach to the taxonomy of some Gram-negative yellow pigmented rods. J Appl Bacteriol 34: 699–716
McMeekinTA, StewartDB, MurrayJG (1972) The adansonian taxonomy and the deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of some Gram-negative, yellow pigmented rods. J Appl Bacteriol 35: 129–137
MinnikinDE, AbdolrahimzadehH (1974) The replacement of phosphatidylethanolamine and acidic phospholipids by an ornithine-amide lipid and a minor phosphorus-free lipids in Pseudomonas fluorescens NCMB 129. FEBS Lett 43: 257–260
OkuyamaH, SasakiS, HigashiS, MurataN (1990) A trans-unsaturated fatty acid in a psychrophilic bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain ABE-1. J Bacteriol 172: 3515–3518
OyaizuH, KomagataK (1981) Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex. J Gen Appl Microbiol 27: 57–107
PerryLB (1973) Gliding motility in some nonspreading flexibacteria. J Appl Bacteriol 36: 227–232
PittaTP, LeadbetterER, GodchauxIIIW (1989) Increase of ornithine amino lipid content in a sulphonolipid-deficient mutant of Cytophaga johnsonae. J Bacteriol 171: 952–957
ReichardtW, GunnB, ColwellRR (1983) Ecology and taxonomy of chitinoclastic Cytophaga and related chitin-degrading bacteria isolated from an estuary. Microbiol Ecol 9: 273–294
ReichenbachH (1989) Genus I. Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929, 577AL, emend. In: HensylWR (ed) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 2015–2050
SaruyamaH, OchiaiT, TakadaY, OkuyamaH, SasakiS (1978) Isolation and growth temperature of psychrophiles. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser V (Botany) 11: 211–217
StanierRY (1947) Studies on nonfruiting myxobacteria. I. Cytophaga johnsonae, n. sp., a chitin-decomposing myxobacterium. J Bacteriol 153: 297–315
WilkinsonSG (1972) Composition and structure of the ornithinecontaining lipid from Pseudomonas rubescens. Biochim Biophys Acta 270: 1–17
WilkinsonSG (1988) Gram-negative bacteria. In: RatledgeC, WilkinsonSG (eds) Microbial lipids, vol 1. Academic Press, London, pp 299–488
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kawazoe, R., Monde, K., Reichardt, W. et al. Lipoamino acids and sulfonoplipids in Cytophaga johnsonae Stanier strain C21 and six related species of Cytophaga . Arch. Microbiol. 158, 171–175 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290812
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290812