Skip to main content
Log in

Prostaglandins and cellular reaction in uterine flushings. I. Effect of IUD insertion

  • Published:
Advances in Contraception

Abstract

Uterine prostaglandin (PG) levels and cellular reaction in response to IUDs were elevated in sixty women. Short-term users (n=30) were studied in a control cycle and 3 months after IUD insertion, and long-term users (n=30) were studied at least 2 years after device insertion. A uterine wash was performed in the proliferative and luteal phase of each investigated menstrual cycle; the cellular components were counted and levels of PGE2, PGF2alpha and their 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites measured. A significant rise in PG levels was observed in the uterine wash shortly after IUD insertion, particularly in the luteal phase. However, there was a significant reduction in PG levels among long-term users, though the cellular reaction showed a continued increment. The absence of correlation between the biochemical and biological responses indicated that neither of them was totally dependent on the other. The decreased PG levels among long-term users does not support the concept of a key role for these substances in the mechanism of action of IUDs. The temporary post-insertion rise in PG levels coincides with the phase of increased bleeding and pain.

Resumé

Les niveaux de prostaglandine utérine (PG) et les réactions cellulaires aux DIU ont été évalués chez soixante femmes. Celles qui utilisaient ces dispositifs depuis peu de temps (n=30) ont été étudiées dans un cycle contrôle et 3 mois après l'insertion, alors que les utilisatrices à plus long terme (n=30) ont été examinées au moins 2 ans après l'insertion du dispositif. On a procédé à un lavage utérin pendant la phase proliféative et lutéinique de chaque cycle menstrual examiné; les constituants cellulaires ont été comptés et les niveaux de PGE2 et PGF2alpha, ainsi que leurs métabolites 13,14-dihydro-15-cétones ont été mesurés. On a constaté une élévation significative des niveaux de PG dans le lavage utérin effectué peu de temps après l'insertion du DIU, notamment pendant la phase lutéinique. On a toutefois observé une réduction significative des niveaux de PG chez les utilisatrices de longue date, bien que la réaction cellulaire ait marqué une augmentation continue. L'absence de corrélation entre les réactions biochemique et biologique laisse penser qu'aucune des deux ne dépendait totalement de l'autre. La baisse des niveaux de PG chez les utilisatrices à long terme ne vient pas à l'appui du concept qui attribue un rôle-clé à ces substances dans le mécanisme d'action des DIU. L'élévation passagère des niveaux de PG après l'insertion coincïde avec la phase d'augmentation de l'écoulement sanguin et des douleurs.

Resumen

En sesenta mujeres se evaluaron los niveles de prostaglandina uterina (PG) y la reacción celular en respuesta a los DIU. Se estudiaron pacientes que los usaron por poco tiempo (n=30) en un ciclo de control y 3 meses después de la inserción de un DIU. Las pacientes que los usaron por largo tiempo (n =30) fueron estudiadas a no menos do dos años despues de la inserción del dispositivo. Se hizo un lavado uterino en la fase proliferativa y luteal de cada ciclo menstrual investigado; se contaron los componentes celulares y se midieron los niveles de PGE2, PGF2alpha y sus 13,14-dehidro-15-ketometabolitos. Se observó un aumento significativo en los niveles de PG en el lavado uterino poco despues de la inserción del DIU, particularmente en la fase luteal. Sin embargo, hubo una reducción significativa en las usuarias a largo tiempo aunque la reacción celular mostró un incremento continuo. La ausencia de correlación entre las respuestas bioquímicas y biológicas indicó que ninguna era totalmente dependiente de la otra. Los disminuidos niveles de PG en las usuarias a largo tiempo, no corroboran el concepto de un rol clave para estas substancias en el mecanismo de acción de los DIU. El aumento temporario en los niveles de PG posterior a la inserción, coincide con la fase de mayor sangrado y dolor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. TietzeC. (1966). Contraception with intrauterine devices.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 96, 1043–1054

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. El-SahwiS. and MoyerD.L. (1970). Antifertility effect of intrauterine foreign body.Contraception,2, 1

    Google Scholar 

  3. MoyerD.L. and MishellD.R.Jr. (1971). Reactions of the human endometrium to the intrauterine foreign body. II. Long-term effects of the endometrial histology and cytology.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,111, 66–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. ZurierR.B. and SayadoffD.M. (1985). Release of prostaglandins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Inflammation,1, 93–97

    Google Scholar 

  5. GoldsteinI.M., MalmstenC.L., SamuelssonB., WeissmanG. (1977). Protaglandins, thromboxanes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Inflammation,2(4), 309–17

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. ChaudhuryG. (1971). Intrauterine device: Possible role of prostaglandins.Lancet,1, 480

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. WHO Special Programme for Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. The mechanism of action, safety and efficacy of intrauterine devices.Technical Research Series, pp. 12, 16

  8. So-BositaJ.L., LebherzT.B. and BlairO.M. (1970). Endometrial jetwasher.Obstet. Gynecol.,36, 287–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. FerreiraS.H., MoncadaS. and VaneJ.R. (1973). Prostaglandins and the mechanism of analgesia produced by aspirin-like drugs.Br. J. Pharmacol.,49, 86–97

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. JaffeB.M., BehrmanH.R. and ParkerC.W. (1973). Radioimmunoassay mesurement of prostaglandins E, A, and F in human plasma.J. Clin. Invest.,52, 398–405

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. DemersL.W., YoshinagaK. and GreepR.O. (1974). Prostaglandin F in monkey uterine fluid during the menstrual cycle and following steroid treatment.Prostaglandins,5, 513–519

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. GreenK. and HagenfeldtK. (1975). Prostaglandins in the human endometrium: Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric quantitation before and after IUD insertion.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,122, 611–614

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. HillierK. and KasondeJ.M. (1976). Prostaglandin E and F concentrations in human endometrium after insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device.Lancet,1, 15–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. ScommegnaA., IlekisJ., RaoR., DmowskiW.P., RezaiP. and AulettaF.J. (1978). Endometrial prostaglandin F content in women wearing nonmedicated or progestin-releasing intrauterine devices.Fertil. Steril.,29, 500–504

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. VaneJ.R. (1985). The road to prostacyclin. In:Advances in Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotriene Research, Vol.15, O.Hayashi and S.Yamamoto, eds., Raven Press, New York, pp. 11–19

    Google Scholar 

  16. WilliamsE.A., CollinsW.P. and ClaytonS.G. (1976). Studies in the involvement of prostaglandins in the uterine symptomatology and pathology.Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.,83, 337–341

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. ToppozadaM. and HafezE.S.E. (1980). The role of prostaglandins in the mechanism of action and the side effects of IUDs: In:Medicated Intrauterine Devices. Physiological and Clinical Aspects. E.S.E.Hafez and W.A.A.VanOs, eds. Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 84–97

    Google Scholar 

  18. ToppozadaM. (1985). Prostaglandins and their inhibitors in IUD-induced bleeding. In:Intrauterine Contraception, Advances and Future Prospects, G.Zatuchni, A.Goldsmith and J.J.Sciarra, eds., Harper and Row Publishers, Philadelphia, pp. 319–334

    Google Scholar 

  19. VaneJ.R. (1976). Prostaglandins as mediators of inflammations. In:Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research II. B.Samuelson, and R.Paoletti, eds., New York, Raven Press, pp. 791–801

    Google Scholar 

  20. SamuellsonB. (1985). Leukotrienes and related compounds. In:Advances in Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotriene Research, Vol.15, O.Hayashi and S.Yamamoto, eds., Raven Press, New York, pp. 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  21. KaleyG. and WeinerR. (1971). Effect of prostaglandin E on leukocyte migration.Nature New Biol.,234, 114–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. MyattL., ChaudhuryG., GordonD. and ElderM.G. (1977). Prostaglandin production by leucocytes attached to intrauterine devices.Contraception,15, 589–599

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

El-sahwi, S., Toppozada, M., Kamel, M. et al. Prostaglandins and cellular reaction in uterine flushings. I. Effect of IUD insertion. Adv Contracept 3, 291–302 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849285

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849285

Keywords

Navigation