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A biodiversity survey of scavenging amphipods in a proposed marine protected area: the Filchner area in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

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Abstract

An integrative inventory of the amphipod scavenging fauna (Lysianassoidea), combining morphological identifications with DNA barcoding, is provided here for the Filchner area situated in the south-eastern Weddell Sea. Over 4400 lysianassoids were investigated for species richness and relative abundances, covering 20 different stations and using different sampling devices, including the southernmost baited traps deployed so far (76°S). High species richness was observed: 29 morphospecies of which 5 were new to science. Molecular species delimitation methods were carried out with 109 cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) sequences obtained during this study as well as sequences from specimens sampled in other Antarctic regions. These distance-based analyses (trees and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery method) indicated the presence of 42 lineages; for 4 species, several (cryptic) lineages were found. More than 96% of the lysianassoids collected with baited traps belonged to the species Orchomenella pinguides s. l. The diversity of the amphipod scavenger guild in this ice-bound ecosystem of the Weddell Sea is discussed in the light of bottom–up selective forces. In this southernmost part of the Weddell Sea, harbouring spawning and nursery grounds for silverfish and icefishes, abundant fish and mammalian food falls are likely to represent the major food for scavengers. Finally, the importance of biodiversity surveys in the context of the establishment of a marine protected area in this region (Weddell Sea MPA) is highlighted and how future studies can contribute to a better understanding the ecological role of scavengers in this system is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Science Foundation) in the framework of the priority program “Antarctic Research with Comparative Investigations in Glaciated Areas of the Arctic” with the grant HA 7627/1-1 (C. Havermans), TO 171/9-1 and HE 3391/7-1 (C. Held and M.A. Seefeldt). Field work for this study was accomplished based on the Polarstern Grant No: AWI_PS82_03. We greatly acknowledge the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, the Chief Scientist Dr. Rainer Knust, as well as the captain and crew of the R/V “Polarstern” expedition ANT-XXIX/9 (PS82) for their highly skillful support during the numerous sampling opportunities which we received on board. Particularly the “fish team” of PS82, Dr. Rainer Knust, Nils Koschnick, and colleagues are greatly acknowledged for the use of their lander system for the deployment of amphipod traps. Part of the molecular work carried out by C. Havermans in 2014 was supported by the vERSO project, funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, contract no BR/132/A1/vERSO), to which this is manuscript contribution #20. We are highly thankful to Dr. Claude De Broyer, Dr. Anna Jażdżewska, Dr. Saskia Brix as well as an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments on the previous version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Science Foundation) in the framework of the priority program “Antarctic Research with Comparative Investigations in Glaciated Areas of the Arctic” with the grant HA 7627/1-1 (C. Havermans), TO 171/9-1 and HE 3391/7-1 (C. Held and M.A. Seefeldt).

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  1. Charlotte Havermans and Meike Anna Seefeldt have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Zoology, BreMarE Bremen Marine Ecology, Universität Bremen, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    Charlotte Havermans

  2. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Charlotte Havermans, Meike Anna Seefeldt & Christoph Held

  3. Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany

    Meike Anna Seefeldt

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  1. Charlotte Havermans
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Correspondence to Charlotte Havermans or Meike Anna Seefeldt.

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Havermans, C., Seefeldt, M.A. & Held, C. A biodiversity survey of scavenging amphipods in a proposed marine protected area: the Filchner area in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41, 1371–1390 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2292-7

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