Abstract
The flagellar apparatus ofCruciplacolithus neohelis (McIntyre and Bé) Reinhardt including its transition region is described. The transition region contains a hat-shaped structure, which is suggested to be one of the common features of the Prymnesiophyceae. Its flagellar root system resembles that of most coccolithophorids examined so far, except that only one vestigial crystalline root is present associated with root 1. Two well-developed crystalline roots associated with roots 1 and 2, respectively, appear in the preprophase of nuclear division, suggesting conversion to a mitotic spindle. The taxonomic and evolutionary significance of the flagellar apparatus is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AB:
-
accessory band
- C:
-
chloroplast
- CR1:
-
crystalline root 1
- CR2:
-
crystalline root 2
- CT:
-
cytoplasmic tongue
- DB:
-
distal connecting band
- FR:
-
fibrous root
- G:
-
Golgi apparatus
- H:
-
haptonema
- IB:
-
intermediate connecting band
- L:
-
left basal body
- M:
-
mitochondrion
- N:
-
nucleus
- PB:
-
proximal connecting band
- PER:
-
peripheral endoplasmic reticulum
- R:
-
right basal body
- R1:
-
root 1
- R2:
-
root 2
- R3:
-
root 3
- R4:
-
root 4
References
Beech, P.L. andWetherbee, R. 1988. Observations on the flagellar apparatus and peripheral endoplasmic reticulum of the coccolithophorid,Pleurochrysis carterae (Prymnesiophyceae). Phycologia27: 142–158.
Beech, P.L., Wetherbee, R. andPickett-Heaps, J.D. 1988. Transformation of the flagella and associated flagellar components during cell division in coccolithophoridPleurochrysis carterae. Protoplasma145: 37–47.
Fresnel, J. 1986. Nouvelles observations sur une coccolithacée rare:Cruciplacolithus neohelis (McIntyre et Bé) Reinhardt (Prymnesiophyceae). Protistologica22: 193–204.
Green, J.C. 1973. Studies in the fine structure and taxonomy of flagellates in the genusPavlova. II. A freshwater representative,Pavlova granifera (Mack) comb. nov. Br. phycol. J.8: 1–12.
Green, J.C. andHori, T. 1986. The ultrastructure of the flagellar root system ofImantonia rotunda (Prymnesiophyceae). Br. phycol. J.21: 5–18.
Green, J.C. andHori, T. 1990. The architecture of the flagellar apparatus ofPrymnesium patellifera (Prymnesiophyta). Bot. Mag. Tokyo103: 191–207.
Green, J.C., Hori, T. andCourse, P.A. 1989. An ultrastructural study of mitosis inChrysochromulina chiton (Prymnesiophyceae). Phycologia28: 318–330.
Hibberd, D.J. 1979. The structure and phylogenetic significance of the flagellar transition region in the chlorophyll c-containing algae. BioSystems11: 243–261.
Hori, T. andGreen, J.C. 1985a. The ultrastructure of mitosis inIsochrysis galbana Parke (Prymnesiophyceae). Protoplasma125: 140–151.
Hori, T. andGreen, J.C. 1985b. The ultrastructural changes during mitosis inImantonia rotunda Reynolds (Prymnesiophyceae). Botanica mar.27: 67–78.
Hori, T. andGreen, J.C. 1991. The ultrastructure of the flagellar root system ofIsochrysis galbana (Prymnesiophyta). J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K.71: 137–152.
Hori, T. andInouye, I. 1981. The ultrastructure of mitosis inCricosphaera roscoffensis var.haptonemofera (Prymnesiophyceae). Protoplasma106: 121–135.
Inouye, I. andChihara, M. 1983. Ultrastructure and taxonomy ofJomonlithus littoralis gen. et sp. nov. (Class Prymnesiophyceae), a coccolithophorid from the Northwest Pacific. Bot. Mag. Tokyo96: 365–376.
Inouye, I. andPienaar, R.N. 1984. New observations on the coccolithophoridUmbilicosphaera sibogae var.foliosa (Prymnesiophyceae) with special reference to cell covering, cell structure and flagellar apparatus. Br. phycol. J.19: 357–369.
Inouye, I. andPienaar, R.N. 1985. Ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus inPleurochrysis (Class Prymnesiophyceae). Protoplasma125: 24–35.
Inouye, I. andPienaar, R.N. 1988. Light and electron microscopic observations of the type species ofSyracosphaera, S. pulchra (Prymnesiophyceae). Br. phycol. J.23: 205–217.
Manton, I. 1964. Further observations in the fine structure of the haptonema inPrymnesium parvum. Archiv für Mikrobiologie49: 315–330.
Manton, I. 1966. Observations on scale production inPrymnesium parvum. J. Cell Sci.1: 375–380.
Moestrup, Ø. 1982. Flagellar structure in algae: a review, with new observations particularly on the Chrysophyceae, Phaeophyceae (Fucophyceae), Euglenophyceae andReckertia. Phycologia21: 427–528.
Moestrup, Ø. andThomsen, H.A. 1986. Ultrastructure and reconstruction of the flagellar apparatus inChrysochromulina apheles sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae=Haptophyceae). Can. J. Bot.64: 593–610.
Parke, M. and Green, J.C. 1976. Haptophyta.In M. Parke and P. S. Dixon ed., Check-list of British marine algae-third revision. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K.56: 527–594.
Reynolds, E.S. 1963. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.17: 208–212.
Spurr, A.R. 1969. A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.26: 31–43.
Watanabe, M.M., Kasai, F. andSudo, R. 1988. NIES-Collection List of Strains Second Edition 1988 Microalgae and Protozoa. Microbial Culture Collection, 2 ed. The National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, pp. 163.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kawachi, M., Inouye, I. Observations on the flagellar apparatus of a coccolithophorid,Cruciplacolithus neohelis (Prymnesiophyceae). J. Plant Res. 107, 53–62 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344530
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344530