The study aims to explore saline drainage modeling in coastal saline soils, particularly focusing on subsurface pipe drainage in the Shanghai coastal area. Utilizing Hydrus-2D/3D-2.05 software, dynamic changes in soil–water–salt under various subsurface pipe laying conditions in forested areas were simulated to identify optimal schemes. Indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrated the Hydrus model’s ability to effectively simulate soil–water–salt transport processes under complex conditions. Subsequent simulations under different parameters of underground pipe laying, including burial depths (D = 0.5/0.7/0.9/1.1/1.3/1.5 m) and pipe diameters (Ø = 8/10/12 cm), further corroborated model validation. Among the analyzed schemes, those with burial depths around 0.7 m and pipe diameters under 12 cm exhibited the most substantial salinity improvement. Regression analysis highlighted a significant impact of burial depth D on cumulative salt discharge, with a coefficient of 12.812, outweighing that of pipe diameter Ø. Furthermore, subsurface pipe laying schemes demonstrated long-term benefits and cost advantages, obviating the need for additional irrigation infrastructure. These findings underscore the significance of subsurface pipe drainage in enhancing soil quality, reducing construction expenses, and optimizing land utilization, providing a valuable foundation for the Shanghai Green Corridor development and related initiatives. Full article

In this work, flexible Cu_2−xS films on nylon membranes are prepared by combining a simple hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum filtration followed by hot pressing. The films consist of Cu₂S and Cu_1.96S two phases with grain sizes from nano to submicron. Doping Se on the S site not only increases the Cu_1.96S content in the Cu_2−xS to increase carrier concentration but also modifies electronic structure, thereby greatly improves the electrical properties of the Cu_2−xS. Specifically, an optimal composite film with a nominal composition of Cu_2−xS_0.98Se_0.02 exhibits a high power factor of ~150.1 μW m⁻¹ K⁻² at 300 K, which increases by ~138% compared to that of the pristine Cu_2-xS film. Meanwhile, the composite film shows outstanding flexibility (~97.2% of the original electrical conductivity is maintained after 1500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 4 mm). A four-leg flexible thermoelectric (TE) generator assembled with the optimal film generates a maximum power of 329.6 nW (corresponding power density of 1.70 W m⁻²) at a temperature difference of 31.1 K. This work provides a simple route to the preparation of high TE performance Cu_2-xS-based films. Full article

Photomorphogenic development in seedlings may be diagnostic of future plant performance. In this report, we characterize the Thai Oakleaf lettuce genotype, as it exhibited abnormalities in photomorphogenic development that were the most conspicuous under red light, including defects in hypocotyl growth inhibition, decreased cotyledon expansion, and constitutive shade avoidance tendencies. These observations are consistent with defects in red light sensing through the phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor system. This genotype is sold commercially as a heat-tolerant variety, which aligns with the evidence that phyB acts as a thermosensor. Full article

The plastic deformation behavior and mechanisms of Co-Cr-Ni-Mo alloy were investigated. The wires were subjected to different reductions using a multi-pass drawing approach and the resulting microstructures were characterized by EBSD and TEM. It was found that the alloy cold-drawn from surface to center exhibited non-uniform radial strain, with decreasing strain from surface to center. As the strain increased, the transverse texture of the alloy evolved from the initial bimodal texture consisting of strong {100}<110> and weak {110}<001> components to bimodal texture with {110}<233> and {112}<111> components, with significant twinning and mirror orientation between twin and matrix. The longitudinal texture evolution of the alloy mainly occurred on the α-fiber line, and ultimately did not form a significant texture due to grain elongation and crystal rotation. The plastic deformation mechanism of the Co-Cr-Ni-Mo alloy was dominated by dislocation slip at lower strain levels, which gradually transitioned to a combination of dislocation slip and twinning at higher strain levels. The deformation twins were typically distributed in high-density dislocation regions, and the twin boundaries transformed into high-angle sub-grain boundaries, hindering the extension of dislocation slip and deformation twin. With the increase in strain, work hardening results in a significant increase in strength and microhardness. Full article

Nowadays, transportation fuels such as diesel or gasoline are standardly produced from crude oil refining. These petroleum-based products are gradually replaced by more environmentally friendly sources, such as Fischer–Tropsch diesel fractions and other biofuels. The present work reports the distillation of Fischer–Tropsch (FTS) waxes and its use for fuel production by (i) blending the FTS wax diesel fraction with fossil diesel (7:93; 15:85; 30:70; and 50:50 wt.%) and (ii) blending the FTS wax heavy fraction (360–700 °C) with vacuum gas oil (10–50 wt.%) followed by hydrocracking at industrial operating conditions (T = 420 °C, WHSV = 0.5–1.0 h⁻¹, P = 10.0 MPa). The obtained products in both cases were analysed and compared with standard EN590 for petroleum-diesel fuels. Overall, our results point to the suitability of the distillation of FTS waxes for renewable fuel production, either by straight blending of the diesel petroleum-based products or co-hydrocracking of the heavy fraction with vacuum gas oil. Full article

This paper presents the results of a study on the relevance of seismic isolation systems for protecting architectural monuments from seismic and vibration impacts. This work aims to develop a method for protecting architectural monuments from seismic and vibration effects by installing geotechnical seismic isolation systems made of various geomaterials, such as a silicate soil mixture (SSM), a cement–soil mixture (CSM), a bitumen–soil mixture (BSM), and a rubber–soil mixture (RSM). The novelty of the work lies in the results of studying the wave processes in different models of geomaterials to assess their effectiveness in a seismic isolation system in the form of damping barrier screens to ensure the seismic resistance of architectural monuments. By comparing the amplitude–frequency characteristics of various geomaterials, it was found that the rubber–soil mixture (RSM), the cement–soil mixture (CSM), and the bitumen–soil mixture (BSM) have the most effective damping properties. A proposed method for protecting architectural monuments with geotechnical seismic isolation in the form of vertical screen barriers and technology for their installation ensures the integrity and safety of architectural monuments at all stages of construction and operation. Full article

Fermented prebiotic and probiotic products with kefir are very important to slow down and prevent the growth of tumors and to treat cancer by stimulating the immune response against tumor cells. Cyclophosphamide (CPx) is widely preferred in cancer treatment but its effectiveness in high doses is restricted because of its side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of kefir against CPx-induced heart and liver toxicity. In an experiment, 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into six treatment groups: the control (Group 1), the group receiving 150 mg/kg CPx (Group 2), the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir (Groups 3 and 4) and the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + CPx (Group 5 and 6). Fermented kefirs obtained on different days by traditional methods were mixed and given by gavage for 12 days, while a single dose of CPx was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 12th day of the experiment. It was observed that alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and Troponin I values, which indicate oxidative stress, increased in the CPx-administered group, and this level approached that of the control in the CPx + kefir groups. Likewise, as a result of the kefir, the rats’ CPx-induced histopathological symptoms were reduced, and their heart and liver tissue were significantly improved. In conclusion, it was observed that kefir had a cytoprotective effect against CPx-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, bringing their biochemical parameters closer to those of the control by suppressing oxidative stress and reducing tissue damage. Full article

Background: Standardized health-data collection enables effective disaster responses and patient care. Emergency medical teams use the Japan Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) reporting template to collect patient data. EMTs submit data on treated patients to an EMT coordination cell. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) EMT minimum dataset (MDS) offers an international standard for disaster data collection. Goal: The goal of this study was to analyze age and gender distribution of medical consultations in EMT during disasters. Methods: Data collected from 2016 to 2020 using the J-SPEED/MDS tools during six disasters in Japan and Mozambique were analyzed. Linear regression with data smoothing via the moving average method was employed to identify trends in medical consultations based on age and gender. Results: 31,056 consultations were recorded: 13,958 in Japan and 17,098 in Mozambique. Women accounted for 56.3% and 55.7% of examinees in Japan and Mozambique, respectively. Children accounted for 6.8% of consultations in Japan and 28.1% in Mozambique. Elders accounted for 1.32 and 1.52 times more consultations than adults in Japan and Mozambique, respectively. Conclusions: Study findings highlight the importance of considering age-specific healthcare requirements in disaster planning. Real-time data collection tools such as J-SPEED and MDS, which generate both daily reports and raw data for in-depth analysis, facilitate the validation of equitable access to healthcare services, emphasize the specific needs of vulnerable groups, and enable the consideration of cultural preferences to improve healthcare provision by EMTs. Full article

In the field of knee imaging, the incorporation of MR-based pseudo-CT synthesis holds the potential to mitigate the need for separate CT scans, simplifying workflows, enhancing patient comfort, and reducing radiation exposure. In this work, we present a novel DL framework, grounded in the development of the Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) method, tailored specifically for the synthesis of pseudo-CT images in knee imaging to surmount the limitations of current methods. Upon visually examining the outcomes, it is evident that the synthesized pseudo-CTs show an excellent quality and high robustness. Despite the limited dataset employed, the method is able to capture the particularities of the bone contours in the resulting image. The experimental Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Zero-Normalized Cross Correlation (ZNCC), Mutual Information (MI), Relative Change (RC), and absolute Relative Change (|RC|) report values of 30.4638 ± 7.4770, 28.1168 ± 1.5245, 0.9230 ± 0.0217, 0.9807 ± 0.0071, 0.8548 ± 0.1019, 0.0055 ± 0.0265, and 0.0302 ± 0.0218 (median ± median absolute deviation), respectively. The voxel-by-voxel correlation plot shows an excellent correlation between pseudo-CT and ground-truth CT Hounsfield units (m = 0.9785; adjusted $R^2$ = 0.9988; $\rho$ = 0.9849; p < 0.001). The Bland–Altman plot shows that the average of the differences is low (($H{U}_{CT}-H{U}_{pseudo-CT}$ = 0.7199 ± 35.2490; 95% confidence interval [−68.3681, 69.8079]). This study represents the first reported effort in the field of MR-based knee pseudo-CT synthesis, shedding light to significantly advance the field of knee imaging. Full article

Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and others) and cancer, seemingly disparate in their etiology and manifestation, exhibit intriguing associations in certain cellular and molecular processes. Both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases involve the deregulation of cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA repair and pose a significant global health challenge. Afzelin (kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside) is a flavonoid compound abundant in various plant sources. Afzelin exhibits a diverse range of biological activities, offering promising prospects for the treatment of diseases hallmarked by oxidative stress and deregulation of cell death pathways. Its protective potential against oxidative stress is also promising for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy. This review explores the potential therapeutic implications of afzelin, including its capacity to mitigate oxidative stress, modulate inflammation, and promote cellular regeneration in neurodegenerative and cancer diseases. Full article

(1) The Russian invasion of Ukraine forced many people to leave their country and seek asylum in various European countries, with serious consequences from a health perspective. In this context, we describe the health measures undertaken by AcToVax4NAM Consortium Countries (Cyprus–Germany–Greece–Italy–Malta–Poland–Romania–Spain) to prevent Vaccine-Preventable Disease (VPD) outbreaks in the context of mass movements of populations that resulted from the crisis in Ukraine. (2) We collected information on the vaccinations offered to Ukrainians in the Consortium Countries. (3) All these countries have provided Temporary Protection (TP) status to refugees from Ukraine and have followed the recommendations of European and International Agencies to offer them vaccinations according to the National Immunisation Programmes. The COVID-19 vaccination is offered in all countries with regard to the general population. Most countries provide information on TP and access to health/vaccination services in the Ukrainian language. (4) The information collected shows a common effort to ensure the adequate planning of health and vaccination services for refugees from Ukraine and, very often, to include them in the national vaccination offer. It is important that this initial response towards people who have fled Ukraine will be continued following the emergency but, more importantly, that it serves as a best practice towards all migrants and refugees entering the EU. Full article

Environmental classifications are of paramount importance for assessing the impacts of land-use changes, for prioritizing conservation efforts, and for developing effective management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities. The aim of our research was to provide as complete an analysis as possible of the studies that have been carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach. The global review of studies based on the Braun-Blanquet approach includes 1168 papers and was conducted using the PRISMA 2009 methodological recommendations, strict criteria for the selection/quality of papers, and modern methods of data analysis and visualization using VOSviewer software developed by Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman (Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) of Leiden University in the Netherlands) (version 1.6.18), which ensures a representative sample, minimization of subjective judgements, and reliability of conclusions. It was noted that the number of publications on Braun-Blanquet is growing exponentially. This is an indication of the scientific interest in this methodology and its continuous further development. Based on a detailed analysis of the keywords, the main research directions and challenges are identified. These include improving the conceptual and methodological foundations of the Braun-Blanquet approach; improvement in regional vegetation classifications, synthesizing them and producing a comprehensive classification for large areas as a basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable land use; expansion of the geography; compilation and updating of databases of phytosociological data; management of dynamics and vegetation; discussion of the important problem of continuity and discreteness of vegetation in the context of ecological classifications; and vegetation mapping. The top 20 journals publishing the most cited articles were identified, as well as the top 20 most cited journals whose high citation rate is due to the large number of high-quality articles. The analysis of the bibliographic network of papers in dynamics has shown that the structure of relationships is not constant and has changed significantly. The analysis of the authors’ publication activity showed that the vast majority of researchers have a low publication activity and have published only one to three papers. A peculiarity also emerges: if all the most cited authors are concentrated in Eurasia, then most of the most actively published authors are outside Eurasia. The importance of the Braun-Blanquet approach for the study and classification of forest vegetation should be emphasized. In this case, the Braun-Blanquet approach is integrated into forest typologies, increasing their ecological validity and environmental relevance. Full article

Deep learning offers significant advancements in the accuracy of prostate identification and classification, underscoring its potential for clinical integration. However, the opacity of deep learning models presents interpretability challenges, critical for their acceptance and utility in medical diagnosis and detection. While explanation methods have been proposed to demystify these models, enhancing their clinical viability, the efficacy and acceptance of these methods in medical tasks are not well documented. This pilot study investigates the effectiveness of deep learning explanation methods in clinical settings and identifies the attributes that radiologists consider crucial for explainability, aiming to direct future enhancements. This study reveals that while explanation methods can improve clinical task performance by up to 20%, their perceived usefulness varies, with some methods being rated poorly. Radiologists prefer explanation methods that are robust against noise, precise, and consistent. These preferences underscore the need for refining explanation methods to align with clinical expectations, emphasizing clarity, accuracy, and reliability. The findings highlight the importance of developing explanation methods that not only improve performance but also are tailored to meet the stringent requirements of clinical practice, thereby facilitating deeper trust and a broader acceptance of deep learning in medical diagnostics. Full article

The Mediterranean region is facing several environmental changes and pollution issues. Teleosts are particularly sensitive to these challenges due to their intricate reproductive biology and reliance on specific environmental cues for successful reproduction. Wild populations struggle with the triad of climate change, environmental contamination, and overfishing, which can deeply affect reproductive success and population dynamics. In farmed species, abiotic factors affecting reproduction are easier to control, whereas finding alternatives to conventional diets for farmed teleosts is crucial for enhancing broodstock health, reproductive success, and the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Addressing these challenges involves ongoing research into formulating specialized diets, optimizing feeding strategies, and developing alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. To achieve a deeper comprehension of these challenges, studies employing model species have emerged as pivotal tools. These models offer advantages in understanding reproductive mechanisms due to their well-defined physiology, genetic tractability, and ease of manipulation. Yet, while providing invaluable insights, their applicability to diverse species remains constrained by inherent variations across taxa and oversimplification of complex environmental interactions, thus limiting the extrapolation of the scientific findings. Bridging these gaps necessitates multidisciplinary approaches, emphasizing conservation efforts for wild species and tailored nutritional strategies for aquaculture, thereby fostering sustainable teleost reproduction in the Mediterranean. Full article

The establishment of government investment funds serves as a crucial measure for governments at all levels to leverage their certification role and financial resources in attracting social capital to support enterprise development. This paper empirically examines the guiding certification effect and governance supervision effect of government investment funds on enterprise value enhancement, utilising panel data from listed companies and government investment fund investment event data spanning the period from 2011 to 2021. The research findings reveal that government investment funds significantly enhance the value of recipient enterprises. By leveraging their guidance and certification effects and governance supervision effects, these funds alleviate financing constraints, actively participate in corporate governance, and ultimately enhance corporate value. The impact of government investment funds is negatively moderated by the age and size of the enterprise, indicating that the “invest in early-stage and small businesses” investment strategy yields better results in promoting value enhancement. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that government investment funds have a more pronounced impact on the value of non-heavily polluting industries, enterprises located in the eastern and southern regions of China, and non-state-owned enterprises. This article expands the research scope of government investment funds at the micro level, providing empirical evidence and theoretical support for optimising government investment funding policies and fostering the development of a modern capital market with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Full article

Reducing the carbon footprint of energy production is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. Lignocellulosic biomass residues from fruit production industries show promise as a viable energy source. This paper presents a study of the Italian context concerning the utilization of orchard lignocellulosic residues for energy production as electricity or bioethanol. The potential of various orchard residues was assessed through chemical and physical analyses, and an equivalent electrical energy of about 6441.62 GWh or an amount of 0.48 Mt/y of bioethanol was obtained based on the average annual dry residue mass availability of about 3.04 Mt/y. These data represent 9.30% of the national electrical energy production from renewable sources, as well as 6.21% of the Italian demand for gasoline in 2022. Electricity generation from these residues has shown its potential as a reliable and sustainable baseload power source, as well as a source of renewable transportation fuel. The studied process could be a valuable reference to expand these concepts on a global scale to achieve a greener and more sustainable energy future. Full article

The realization of the role of the microbiome of the female reproductive tract in health and disease has opened numerous possibilities for the scientific examination of the intertwining role between the human host and its microbiota. The imbalance in the composition of the microbial communities of the vagina and uterus is now recognized as a risk factor for many complications in pregnancy and according to the data from numerous studies, it is possible for this imbalance to play a crucial role in creating a hostile endometrial environment, and therefore, contributing to the etiology of recurrent implantation failure. Nevertheless, our current understanding of these complicated biological phenomena is far from complete, and in the future, there needs to be a systematic and thorough investigation of the diagnosis and therapy of this condition. This will enable scientists who engage in the field of assisted reproduction technologies to accurately identify and cure women in whom dysbiosis hinders the achievement of a healthy pregnancy. Full article

The presence of students with disabilities in Higher Education (HE) is increasing. However, the permanence and success of these students at university is not granted. In this study, the voices of 119 faculty members from 10 Spanish universities who had been identified by their students with disabilities as inclusive were heard. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology was chosen, using the semi-structured individual interview as the instrument for data gathering. Two interviews were conducted with each participant to analyse the main areas of inclusive pedagogy (beliefs, knowledge, designs and actions). The results show the participants’ conceptions of disability, as well as their main motivations for carrying out inclusive pedagogy, such as their professional vocation and their previous experiences with people with disabilities. The article ends with a series of conclusions that outline the profile of an inclusive faculty member. This information can help universities to improve their faculty training programs to obtain a more inclusive teaching staff, which can be translated into more sustainable and inclusive university systems. Full article

In digital baseband processing, the forward error correction (FEC) unit belongs to the most demanding components in terms of computational complexity and power consumption. Hence, efficient implementation of FEC decoders is crucial for next-generation mobile broadband standards and an ongoing research topic. Quantization has a significant impact on the decoder area, power consumption and throughput. Thus, lower bit widths are preferred for efficient implementations but degrade the error correction capability. To address this issue, a non-uniform quantization based on the Information Bottleneck (IB) method is proposed that enables a low bit width while maintaining the essential information. Many investigations on the use of the IB method for Low-density parity-check code) LDPC decoders exist and have shown its advantages from an implementation perspective. However, for polar code decoder implementations, there exists only one publication that is not based on the state-of-the-art Fast Simplified Successive-Cancellation (Fast-SSC) decoding algorithm, and only synthesis implementation results without energy estimation are shown. In contrast, our paper presents several optimized Fast-SSC polar code decoder implementations using IB-based quantization with placement and routing results using advanced 12 nm FinFET technology. Gains of up to 16% in area and 13% in energy efficiency are achieved with IB-based quantization at a Frame Error Rate (FER) of ${10}^{-7}$ and a polar code of $N=1024,R=0.5$ compared to state-of-the-art decoders. Full article

As a new type of green propellant, ammonium dinitramide (ADN)-based energetic propellants have wide application value and development potential in the field of space propulsion. This paper delves into the intricate impact of varying initial temperatures, pressures, and propellant component ratios on critical parameters, including temperature, combustion rate, and heat release, in the straight nozzle of an ADN-based propellant. The findings indicate that an elevation in both initial temperature and ADN ratio expedites the thermal decomposition rate of ADN, thereby elevating the average temperature in the nozzle. However, the elevation in initial temperature has a negative effect on the overall rise amplitude of average temperature. Furthermore, the initial pressure setting is crucial in determining whether the oxidation reaction of the fuel CH₃OH occurs in ADN propellants. When the initial pressure is greater than 10 atm, CH₃OH is completely consumed, and the final average temperature is about 2650 K, which increases by 558.89% compared with that at 1 atm. Our work aims to provide theoretical guidance and practical optimization strategies for enhancing propellant performance and optimizing thruster structure design. Full article

The sulfur in petroleum coke is harmful to carbon products, underscoring the importance of desulfurization for high-sulfur petroleum coke. This paper proposes a method combining alkaline catalytic roasting with ultrasonic oxidation for the deep desulfurization of high-sulfur petroleum coke. The results show that the desulfurization rate reaches 88.99% and the sulfur content is reduced to 0.83 wt.% under a coke particle size of 96–75 μm, sodium-hydroxide-to-petroleum-coke ratio of 50%, roasting temperature of 700 °C, and holding time of 2 h. The alkali-calcined petroleum coke is ultrasonically oxidized and desulfurized in peracetic acid. The results show that, under a hydrogen peroxide content of 10%, hydrogen-peroxide-(liquid)-to-petroleum-coke (solid) ratio of 20 mL/g, acetic acid content of 5 mL, ultrasonic power of 300 W, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and reaction duration of 4 h, the sulfur content is reduced to 0.15 wt.% and the total desulfurization reaches 98.01%. Through a series of characterizations, the proposed desulfurization mechanism is verified. Alkali roasting effectively removes a significant portion of sulfur in petroleum coke. However, the elimination of certain sulfur compounds, such as the more complex thiophene, presents challenges. The thiophene content is subsequently removed via ultrasonic oxidation. Full article

The monitoring and evaluation of soil ecological environment is very important to ensure the saline-alkali soil health and the safety of agricultural products. It is of foremost importance to, within a regional ecological risk-reduction strategy, develop a useful online system for soil ecological assessment and prediction to prevent people from suffering the threat of sudden disasters. However, the traditional manual or empirical parameter adjustment causes the mismatch of the hyperparameters of the model, which cannot meet the urgent needs of high-performance prediction of soil properties using multi-dimensional data in WebGIS system. For the end, this study aims to develop a saline-alkali soil ecological monitoring system for real-time monitoring of soil ecology in the Yellow River Delta, China. The system applied advanced web-based GIS, including front-end and back-end technology stack, cross-platform deployment of machine learning models, and a database embedded in multi-source environmental variables. The system adopts a five-layer architecture and integrates functions such as data statistical analysis, soil health assessment, soil salt prediction and data management. The system visually displays the statistical results of air quality, vegetation index and soil properties in the study area. It provides users with ecological risk assessment functions to analyze soil heavy metal pollution. Specially, the system introduces a tree structured Parzan estimator (TPE) optimized machine learning model to achieve accurate prediction of soil salinity. The TPE-RF model had the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 94.48%) in the testing set in comparison with the TPE-GBDT model, which exhibited the strong ability for the nonlinear relationship between environmental variables and soil salinity. The system developed in this study can provide accurate saline-alkali soil information and health assessment results for government agencies and farmers, which is of great significance for agricultural production and saline-alkali soil ecological protection. Full article