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Forest fragmentation and human population varies logarithmically along elevation gradient in Hindu Kush Himalaya - utility of geospatial tools and free data set

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Abstract

Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is the largest and the most diverse mountain region in the world that provides ecosystem services to one fifth of the total world population. The forests are fragmented to different degrees due to expansion and intensification of human land use. However, the quantitative relationship between fragmentation and demography has not been established before for HKH vis-à-vis along elevation gradient. We used the globally available tree canopy cover data derived from Landsat-TM satellite to find out the decadal forest cover change over 2000 to 2010 and their corresponding fragmentation levels. Using SRTM-derived DEM, we observed high forest cover loss up to 2400 m that highly corroborated with the population distribution pattern as derived from satellite observation. In general, forest cover loss was found to be higher in south-eastern part of HKH. Forest fragmentation obtained using ‘area-weighted mean radius of gyration’ as indicator, was found to be very high up to 2400 m that also corroborated with high human population for the year 2000 and 2010. We observed logarithmic decrease in fragmentation change (area-weighted mean radius of gyration value), forest cover loss and population growth during 2000-2010 along the elevation gradient with very high R2 values (i.e., 0.889, 0.895, 0.944 respectively). Our finding on the pattern of forest fragmentation and human population across the elevation gradient in HKH region will have policy level implication for different nations and would help in characterizing hotspots of change. Availability of free satellite derived data products on forest cover and DEM, grid-data on demography, and utility of geospatial tools helped in quick evaluation of the forest fragmentation vis-a-vis human impact pattern along the elevation gradient in HKH.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) for research funding. We thank Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Earth Engine Partners and Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIAR-CSI) for providing socio-economic and satellite data respectively. The Fragstat model is available in web for free download and use, is thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ocean River Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

    Pulakesh Das & Mukunda Dev Behera

  2. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal

    Manchiraju Sri Ramachandra Murthy

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  1. Pulakesh Das
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  2. Mukunda Dev Behera
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Correspondence to Mukunda Dev Behera.

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Das, P., Behera, M.D. & Murthy, M.S.R. Forest fragmentation and human population varies logarithmically along elevation gradient in Hindu Kush Himalaya - utility of geospatial tools and free data set. J. Mt. Sci. 14, 2432–2447 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4159-0

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