Abstract
In randomized clinical trials enoxaparin in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) has been shown to be more effective than unfractionated heparin in preventing the combined endpoint of death and myocardial infarction. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin reduced the combined endpoint of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in NSTE-ACS patients compared to aspirin alone. Aim of the present study was to determine the clinical impact of optimized antithrombotic therapy with enoxaparin, clopidogrel and aspirin compared to standard therapy with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and aspirin in NSTE-ACS in clinical practice. We analyzed data of 2,956 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS and either antithrombotic therapy with enoxaparin, clopidogrel and aspirin or with aspirin and UFH, which were prospectively enrolled in the acute coronary syndromes registry (ACOS) from July 2000 until the end of November 2002. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and PCI the combined endpoint of hospital death and non-fatal reinfarctions was lower in the group with optimized antithrombotic therapy including clopidogrel, enoxaparin and aspirin compared to the control-group with aspirin and UFH (odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.53). There was no significant difference in major bleedings between the two treatment groups (1.5% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.35), while overall there were more bleeding complications in the group with optimized antithrombotic therapy (4.9% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.005). In clinical practice optimized antithrombotic therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and enoxaparin in NSTE-ACS is associated with a reduction in the combined endpoint of death and non-fatal reinfarctions compared to standard therapy with aspirin and UFH without increase in major bleeding complications.
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Abbreviations
- ACE inhibitor:
-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ACOS:
-
Acute coronary syndromes registry
- ACUTE II:
-
Antithrombotic combination using tirofiban and enoxaparin II
- ARB:
-
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
- A to Z:
-
Aggrastat to Zocor
- BMI:
-
Body mass index (kg/m²)
- CABG:
-
Coronary artery bypasses graft
- CURE:
-
Clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent events
- ESSENCEE:
-
Eficacy and safety of subcutaneous enoxaparin in non-Q-wave coronary events
- INTERACT:
-
Integrilin and enoxaparin randomized assessment of acute coronary syndrome treatment
- LAD:
-
Left anterior descending artery
- LCX:
-
Left circumflex artery
- MACE:
-
Major adverse cardiac event (death reinfarction)
- NSTEMI:
-
Non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- PCI:
-
Percutaneous coronary intervention
- RCA:
-
Right coronary artery
- SYNERGY:
-
Superior yield of the new strategy of enoxaparin revascularization and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
- TIMI 11B:
-
Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 11B
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Acknowledgment
This work was supported by a grant of MSD Sharp & Dohme, Haar, Germany.
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Appendix
Appendix
The participants of ACOS are listed elsewhere [12].
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Heer, T., Juenger, C., Gitt, A.K. et al. Efficacy and safety of optimized antithrombotic therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and enoxaparin in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in clinical practice. J Thromb Thrombolysis 28, 325–332 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-008-0294-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-008-0294-y